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Ekolingvistické a jazykovopolitické poznámky k majoritným a minoritným spoločenstvám

Author(s): Slavomír Ondrejovič / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

In this contribution we develop ecolinguistic and language-political comments referring to majority and minority societies. In general, the article focuses on the development of languages in the time of globalization. It also studies the language development in the context of foreign varieties of the Slovak language. At the same time it confronts language legislation with the language situation and it presents initiative in the field of research and description of the language situation abroad in relation to the Slovak language.

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Jazyková komunikácia Slovákov v Chorvátsku a Srbsku

Author(s): Miroslav Dudok / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

The article describes the Slovak language enclave and diaspora in Croatia and Serbia. It briefly describes the history of the Slovak settlement process and the recent demographic development of the Slovak minority in Croatia and Serbia. The central attention of the article focuses on the communication vectors, the language situation and linguistic characteristics of the Slovak language enclave and diaspora in these countries. Finally, the article states the basic common and different characters of the Slovak language communication in Croatia and Serbian Vojvodina.

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Отчим наш“ и „хлеб насушный“ Церковнославянский язык в фольклорных текстах: глоссолалия или герменевтика?

Author(s): Andrey Borisovich Moroz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02/2018

The article deals with the reflection of the Church Slavonic language and single church slavicisms in folkloric and parafolcoric (i. e. non-folkloric, but used in some folkloric rites) texts. Usually, slavicisms are deliberately or unwillingly distorted by performers who do not understand the liturgical language. Often, distortions completely desemantisize single lexemes or the entire church Slavonic text, that becomes glossolalia. This does not confuse the performers, since it is believed that the sacred text should not and can not be fully understood. At the same time, there is another trend: slavicisms are being distorted with means of paronymic attraction. Words is filled with a new meaning according to a situation of texts performing or to a wider historical or cultural context. Thus, we have a twofold relation to the Church Slavonic: refusal to understand in favor of attributing them a sacred status or changing its meaning with a new actual one.

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Vybrané aspekty rozvoja slovenskej etnolingvistiky na pozadí rusko-bulharsko-slovenskej spolupráce

Author(s): Katarína Žeňuchová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2018

The paper describes the present state of ethnolinguistic research in Slovakia and on the example of Russian-Slovakian-Bulgarian cooperation suggests possibilities to enable research in this scientific pursuit. The report sheds light on current goals and results of international collaboration of Jan Stanislav Institute of Slavistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Institute for Bulgarian Language of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

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Jazyky a aktéri v jazykovej krajine obcí na slovensko-maďarskom etnicky zmiešanom území na Slovensku

Author(s): Gizella Szabómihály / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

The aim of this paper is to characterize the linguistic landscape of municipalities in Slovakia inhabited by Hungarian minority. Empirical data come from two sources: from BA and MA theses, which were defended in 2015 – 2020 at the Institute of Hungarian Linguistics and Literary Studies at the Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra and from research project VEGA “Minority variety of the Hungarian language in Slovakia”. As part of the above field research, the linguistic landscape of 82 municipalities in which the Hungarian population makes up at least 20% of the population was mapped. The results fundamentally confirm the research findings of P. Laihonen, who studied linguistic landscape in two municipalities. In all municipalities, the most frequent language was Slovak, this applies to all types of analyzed signs with texts (inscriptions of state and municipal authorities, commercial and private signs). Slovak occurs on at least 80% of signs, the representation of Hungarian as the second most frequent language is between 25 – 55%. The most bilingual Slovak-Hungarian signs are in the southwest of Slovakia, where the largest Hungarian minority lives and where Hungarians form the local majority. On bilingual Slovak-Hungarian signs, the preferred language is Slovak, in terms of information content, it is a duplicate publication of information. Municipal authorities and the commercial sphere have the greatest influence on the formation of the linguistic landscape.

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Počítačom podporovaný výskum maďarských nárečí na Slovensku

Author(s): Károly Presinszky / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

Computer supported research of Hungarian dialects in Slovakia began in 2010 at the Institute of Hungarian Linguistics and Literary Science, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. The research is carried out using dialectological software developed by two researchers (Domokos Vékás and Fruzsina Sára Vargha) from Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, creating regional dialect databases, first for the Žitný ostrov/Csallóköz region and then for the whole Slovakia Hungarian dialect region. Before a detailed presentation of research results and possibilities in the field of digitized dialectological data, the study briefly describes the methods and Hungarian results of digital dialectology. Based on Hungarian research in Slovakia, it shows how it is possible to generate maps showing the geographical and social distribution of linguistic phenomena and acoustic phonetic analyses of data aligned with sound files. Important results of digital dialectology in Nitra are recently published audiobooks of Hungarian dialects in Slovakia, which can be used in addition to the needs of the researchers as a collection of multimedia dialect texts in school education and in the promotion of dialects.

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Funkcie a podoby vybraných mémov v digitálnej sfére

Author(s): Ľubomír Gábor / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

The presented study deals with the analysis of memes as specific cultural-linguistic units. It mentions various theoretical concepts that dealt with memes and points to its own definition of the term. The aim of this text is a linguistic and semantic analysis of a selected type of memes from websites in the Slovak language, naming structural "genre" tendencies in the so called image macro memes. The study attempts to clarify main functions and principles of excerpted image macro memes, highlighting iterability as the most important sign of the memetic process whose result is a meme as a specific text unit.

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Book Reviews

Author(s): Zuzana Obertová,Peter Slavkovský,Sanja Zlatanović,Anita Stasulane,Neha GHATPANDE / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Review of: NEHA GHATPANDE - From the past to the present: Shaping Identities of the Young ROMILA THAPAR: The Past as Present: Forging Contemporary Identities through History Aleph Book Company, New Delhi, 2014, 344 p. ANITA STAŠULĀNE - OKSANA KOVZELE: Svētku kultūras transformācijas pierobežā: Latgales un Pleskavas apgabala piemērs [Transformations of Festive Culture in the Borderland: The Case of the Latgale and Pskov Regions] Daugavpils: Daugavpils Universitāte, 2020, 271 pp. SANJA ZLATANOVIĆ - TATIANA ZACHAR PODOLINSKÁ, Marian Devotion Among the Roma in Slovakia: A Post-Modern Religious Response to Marginality Palgrave MacMillan, 2020, 166 p. PETER SLAVKOVSKÝ - JANA LINDBLOOM: Transformácia a zánik poľnohospodárskych družstiev [The Transformation and Cessation of Agricultural Cooperatives] VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 2019, 255 p. ZUZANA OBERTOVÁ - KATARÍNA ŽEŇUCHOVÁ (Ed.): Etnolingvistický výskum na Slovensku. Súčasný stav a perspektívy [Ethnolinguistic research in Slovakia. Current state and perspectives] Bratislava: Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV, 2020, 168 pp.

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Egalitná jazyková komunikácia

Author(s): Juraj Dolník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

The pragmatic reason for supporting the promotion of equal language communication is that this communication is part of a social event that aims to develop an inclusive society. However, this support also has an anthropological reason, which is based on the reconstruction of the origin of man as a being of his kind and his humanization. His humanization is based on continuous self-realization and rational social solidarity, consisting in the fact that the actors of social interaction are committed to creating a lively environment for parity self-realization. Such self-realization is governed by the principle of equality differentiation, which includes the contextual neutralization of relevant differences between actors. Transparency is essential for overcoming equality barriers in language communication, but it is important to perceive the opposition between levelling and cultivated equality communication. This contrast draws attention to the idea of optimally transparent language, which leads the actors to set the optimal ratio between transparent and non-transparent forms of expression. Since the humanization of individuals and society corresponds to cultivated equality communication, the order of the day is to increase the volume of language communication in society with such a degree of non-transparency (negativity) that stimulates the interpretive activity of the actors. When examining equal language communication with regard to its impact on the cultural level of society, one of the relevant issues is the adaptation of the relationship between positive and negative transparency to current communication events.

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Spisovný jazyk a vývoj národnej jednoty Slovákov

Author(s): Juraj Dolník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The study is a response to the question: How has this society developed since the time of Ľ. Štúr from the point of view of the dynamics of national unity conditioned by the democratization of standard Slovak? For the development of the Slovak nation in the light of this language, democratization was of decisive importance, namely the control of the codified standard, and therefore linguistic correctness, and language-communication normality. The democratization of the codified norm and thus linguistic correctness has become the basis of the perception of language culture and a means of integrating the Slovaks as a national collective, ensuring their formal unity. The direction of the democratization of linguistic correctness is the optimal language culture as the control of a codified standard by basically every Slovak, but the democratization of the standard language also leads to the fact that it becomes the general mother tongue and natural linguistic correctness, i.e. natural language culture, is gradually enforced. This correctness and this culture are already manifestations of the transition of the national collective into a development phase of deeper – content, "true" (according to Štúr) – unity and shifting attention from language to communication culture. In this phase, national collective solidarity was deepened by the inclusion of communication and society, involving the cultivation of a sense of linguistic collectivity. The democratization of language-communication normality, which takes place as the expansion of the circle of "intimate language experts" in the implementation of the adaptive potential of the language, in which the peculiarity of the mental culture – the "spirit of the nation" –is manifested, is of fundamental importance for the turning point in the reorientation of the speakers of the standard language towards the communication culture. At this stage of development, the optimization of language culture grows into the optimization of communication culture governed by the principle of inclusion. In the Slovak language community, the discourse on authentic communication culture, based on a sense of collective identity, is becoming relevant.

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Slovenská vlogosféra v kontexte jazykových prostriedkov a komunikačných aspektov (so zameraním na anglicizmy)

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The Slovak vlogosphere is a communication virtual space, in which linguistic and paralinguistic means of language, as well as various forms of verbal and nonverbal communication in the context of the domestic communication environment, have become conventionalized. In this context, vloggers, who record and publish videos via the online YouTube portal, are characterized by a significant variability of means of expression, especially in the area of emotional and expressive expressions, which manifest one of the forms of expression of the individual identity presented in their videos. The aim of the article is to present the key communication features of the video blog, influencing the use of language means in the monitored communications. We find out how these characteristics influence the use of linguistic means. These features are described and demonstrated with authentic examples, focusing on the use of Anglicisms.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filologickej fakulte Univerzity v Belehrade

Author(s): Stefana Paunović Rodić,Dalibor Sokolović / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper deals with the scientific research and publication activities of the Slovakists at the Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade over the last 5-6 years (2018-2023). The article presents a brief history of the Department, which has been dedicated to teaching and research of the Slovak language, literature and culture for 70 years, considering the specific conditions of the status of Slovak as a foreign language in other-Slavic environment. In accordance with the scientific research interests of Belgrade linguists-Slovakists, the article summarizes results of research in the field of sociolinguistics, ecolinguistics, language policy and language planning, cognitive semantics and teaching Slovak as a foreign language. The contribution is dedicated to the perspectives of further research of the Slovak language at University of Belgrade; they are branched into two key areas: 1) streamlining of the Slovak language teaching with regard to the specifics of the study program and 2) profound the current scientific profile of researchers in an international interdisciplinary context.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum vo Výskumnom ústave Slovákov v Maďarsku

Author(s): Tünde Tušková,Alžbeta Uhrinova,Juraj Rágyanszki / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The study presents more than 30 years of linguistic research and project outputs of the Research Institute of Slovaks in Hungary. The main fields of research were sociolinguistics, onomastics, linguistic landscape studies, and the history of Slovak literary language. The article also outlines the perspectives of further linguistic research at the Research Institute of Slovaks in Hungary.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Inštitúte slavistiky Viedenskej univerzity

Author(s): Viera Wambach,Stefan Michael Newerkla / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper presents results of the research and outputs of Slovak studies at the Department of Slavonic Studies in Vienna since the introduction of Slovak studies as a separate study programme in 2002. Part of the review of the scientific and research activities, mainly in the fields of areal linguistics, lexicography, lexicology and sociolinguistics, is also a brief look into the past and the development of Slovak studies as such.

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Jazykovo-štylistické dominanty slovenských piesňových textov (hitov z rokov 1993 – 2022)

Author(s): Lena Ivančová,Andrea Čurošová Gavalcová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The study elucidates the linguistic and stylistic dominants of 60 lyrics of popular songs from 1993 – 2022 in Slovakia. The research is focused on the characteristics of preferred lexical and morphological stylemes on a wider motivic-semantic background and on the analysis of syntactic-phonic dominants of song lyrics. The research has shown that the authors of song lyrics rarely reach for book words, poetically sounding phrases and general statements, they mostly build their texts on dynamic replicas, or internal monologues of the characters of the songs, which are often transformed into fictitious dialogues, or replicas directed to another character. The significant representation (frequent repetition) of highly frequent lexemes confirms the motivic kinship and the relatively small content-thematic variability of these lyrics. Many contrasts appear in them, antonyms of different types, which fulfill the function of perceptually simple problem elements. Versological symmetry and regularity of rhyming schemes is often disturbed by asymmetric syntactic-phonic structures.

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О народним еортонимима у српском језику и њиховим паралелама у другим словенским језицима

Author(s): Nataša Milanov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/2024

The paper presents the semantic and word-formation aspects of the folk names of Orthodox Church holidays in the Serbian language. The research material is excerpted from descriptive and dialectal dictionaries of the Serbian language, from ethnolinguistic studies, as well as from everyday speech. The analysis will be completed giving a review of the situation in other Slavic languages (Russian, Bulgarian, Czech, etc.), which was recorded in studies dealing with folk names of holidays. The aim of the research will be to present the folk terminology related to religious holidays, to list the formal characteristics of these names and describe their semantic properties, as well as to look into the attitude of speakers towards the customs and beliefs associated with a certain holiday, through the use of linguistic units. By comparing them to the corresponding names in other Slavic languages, common elements of the folklore image of the world can be determined, as well as whether there are any general features in the understanding of reality among the Slavic peoples.

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Аксиологични аспекти на католическата вяра при банатските българи

Author(s): Kalina Micheva-Peycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2024

Banat Bulgarians have lived for centuries in conditions of crisis, which threatens their existence. They are still threatened by melting and extinction. Nevertheless, they retain their national and confessional self-awareness and call themselves “Palken Bulgarians”. Their denominational existence plays a major role in their preservation. They are Catholics. On this basis, they united with the Bulgarian Catholics from Northern and Southern Bulgaria and were called like them “Pavlikians”, today “Palkentsi”. Our study prove the hypothesis that in the concept sphere of the Banat Bul- garians, the denomination is a core that is realized in the semantic content of many basic concepts as good, evil, custom and language. The methodology we use is based on the free associative experiment.

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Slovenski narečni hapaks legomenon mežek 'mlad medved' in slovansko *mečьkъ 'medved'

Author(s): Metka Furlan / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2024

In the paper, the Slovenian dialect hapax legomenon məžək 'young bear', which was only attested in a narrow area of the Gorenjsko dialect, is related and explained from South-Slavic *mečьkъ 'bear' (= Serbian dial. méːčak, Macedonian dial. mečòk). The regularly expected phonetic development from *mečьkъ would be reflected as Slovenian *mečək, therefore, the Gorenjsko məžək belongs to those lexemes which have undergone non-systematic and sporadic phonetic changes. In the paper, it was not possible to give an unequivocal answer to the question of the etymology of the word family *mečьkъ : *mèčьka : *mečьcь with the starting point in the noun *mèka f 'bear', because *mèka could be a hypocoristic for *meduedь 'bear' or a deverbative from *me-ka-ti of onomatopoeic origin.

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Czech structuralism at the end of the 1950s: an ideological struggle over the legacy of the Prague School

Author(s): Marie Havránková,Vladimír Petkevič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The article explores the history of linguistic structuralism in Czechoslovakia in 1957–1959 during a political thaw following Stalinist repression. Initially rejected in favour of dogmatic “theories” like Marrism and Stalin’s ideas on language, structuralism gained acceptance after its discussion in the Soviet journal ʻVoprosy iazykoznaniia’ in 1956. The first part analyses how structuralism, once ideologically dismissed, was reintroduced as a valuable methodology within official Marxist science. This was notably demonstrated at the 1958 4th International Congress of Slavists in Moscow, where the Prague Linguistic Circle’s “new theses” were presented, reflecting on its past development. The second part examines a 1959 polemic between two prominent linguists: František Trávníček, a member of the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic, and Bohuslav Havránek, head of the Czech Language Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Trávníček criticized the work of the Academy in a series of texts, while Havránek responded by refuting the criticism and defending structuralism. The polemic revealed Trávníček’s reliance on politicized clichés, whereas Havránek upheld structuralist theory as a rigorous scientific approach. This stance was further affirmed at the 1962 Liblice conference, where Havránek openly defended the principles of structural linguistics.

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Aspekt lokálneho v toponomastických prácach Antona Habovštiaka

Author(s): Patrik Jakubek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

Anton Habovštiak, known in the wide linguistic sphere primarily as an excellent dialectologist, in addition to his main scientific activity in dialectology, was also engaged in the onomastic sphere, especially in the field of anoikonyms. His toponomastic works, culminated in the summarizing monograph Oravské chotárne názvy [Field Names of the Orava Region] (1970), are significant in their structure not only as a sociolinguistic probe into the life of the former inhabitants of his native Orava and their connection with the use of the language, but above all for their enormous contribution to the then beginnings of nationwide anoikonymy research and the creation of Slovak onomastics as such in the second half of the 20th century. The linking of the sociolinguistic aspect with the traditional onomastic and dialectological element can be described as a novelty of the time, which undoubtedly deserves closer attention. Therefore, the primary aim of the paper is a comprehensive presentation of this selected and still inspiring onomastic segment in the otherwise rich and varied scientific research activity of this renowned Slovak linguist.

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