Увод към „Спиридон Казанджиев за Пенчо Славейков“

Author(s): Anani Stoynev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

This article is an introduction to a moderately sized study on Spiridon Kazandjieva and Pencho Slaveykov. The author presents a picture of the times in which Kazandjiev lived – times of modernization of Bulgarian literature and culture – and his philosophical views, reflected most comprehensively in his essay “At the Spring of Life” (1923), which was introductory to his eponymous book published in 1937. The philosophical and literary quality of this essay has been insufficiently appreciated; in it, Kazandjiev, influenced by Nietzsche, points out the relativity of knowledge, art, attitudes, public life, thereby anticipating what has emerged in recent decades as a post-modern, or post-metaphysical, philosophy. As for the history of literature, the essay in question is, on the one hand, the foundation and, on the other, the horizon, of Kazandjiev’s philosophical views. Referring to it, we can more easily, and in a well-argued manner, clarify his analyses of Pencho Slaveykov’s philosophical constructions.

За скитника-чудак в „Стихотворения“ (1901, 1904) на Пейо Яворов

Author(s): Sava Sivriev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

In his famous preface to P. K. Yavorov’s Poems (1904), Pencho Slaveykov wrote that the lyrical character who wanders through emotional, spiritual and mental spaces, as portrayed in the poem “Odd Fellow” in the collection, is a central character in Yavorov’s early lyrics.Each cultural paradigm designates the wandering life according to its own specific axiology.In Medieval Bulgaria, man viewed himself as a wanderer and a stranger on earth. His home, which he has lost, is in the afterlife, with Jesus Christ. During the Bulgarian National Revival, the concept was that the home is built here, in one’s own land, where the native rivers, valleys, and mountains are, where one’s generic universe is – one’s mother, father, brothers. Leaving home represents pain and suffering. The wanderer in foreign places, foreign lands, is a sufferer. Where is man’s home in modern times? It is difficult to say. Efforts to find the home, the road leading to it, and a life of wandering, varied and found different solutions in Bulgarian lyrical poetry in the age following the National Revival – depending on the personal existential ideas and the philosophy of life of the different authors: Nirvana and Death in the case of Mihaylovski; the intoxication whereby life is surmounted in Kiril Hristov; the Island of the Blissful in Pencho Slaveikov, etc.In Yavorov, the wanderer travels to the depths of his emotional, spiritual, and mental world, to the drama of self-knowledge, to the drama of seeking values and meaning that he shall never find.After “The Odd One”, and until his late poetry, Yavorov presented the numerous faces, the psychological and mental capacity of his literary character, who wanders in search of a meaning for himself and for the world.

Вазов: литература и философия на историята

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

This article summarizes the author’s theses presented in his larger monograph devoted to the works of Ivan Vazov (the absolute national classic) written in the 1880s. The poetic cycle Epic of the Forgotten (1881–84), the novella Uncles (1885) and the epic novel Under the Yoke (1888) not only constitute the absolute core of the national literary canon, but have also been seen as a complete model of the national philosophy of history, of the Bulgarian collective being in History. The article examines two important points. The first is related to how these major works (the Epic, Uncles and Under the Yoke) construct Vazov’s national-ideological and national-philosophical model in terms of the Hegelian dialectic of thesis–antithesis–synthesis. The second point is related to how this Vazovian model is significantly placed in the framework of two figures – the national hero Vasil Levski (in Epic) and the idiot Muncho (in Under the Yoke) – that are both contrasting and functionally identical. The article analyzes their “high” historical-philosophical representative features.

Антихрист: Ницше и Янко Янев, оригиналът и епигонът

Author(s): Nina Ivanova Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article is focused on the specific veneration that the Bulgarian poet and philosopher Yanko Yanev felt for Nietzsche, in memory of whom, in 1926, he published a book entitled Antichrist, conceived, planned and written to express Yanev’s complete agreement and identification with the German philosopher. In the book, Yanev lends the aura of divinity to Nietzsche. The article points out that this book was preceded and followed by other works specifically devoted to Nietzsche and discussing the impact of the latter’s legacy on the world many years after his death.Yanev’s early philosophical-poetical works, published in the journal Listopad, present this Bulgarian author in a way that has led him to be viewed, by the public at that time, as a sort of Nietzsche of the Balkans. Interpretations of Thus Spoke Zarathustra are central to Yanev’s thought. But even in his earliest works devoted to Nietzsche, certain discrepancies between Yanev and his favorite author begin to appear. The shade of difference stems from the fact that Nietzsche is very definite in his anti-Christian assertions, while the Bulgarian author does not seem aware that he is going beyond Nietzsche’s stark negation and is in fact seeking a synthesis of contraries – in the terminology of Dostoyevsky (another author whom Yanev holds in reverence), a synthesis of the Divine-Human and Human-Divine. We see this gradually deepening change in Yanev’s articles in the newpaper Pryaporets in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In other words, regardless of what Yanev’s initial intentions might have been, the “prestigious connection” expressed by this Bulgarian reading of Nietzsche’s works consists, in fact, of a synthesis between the Nietzschean Übermensch and the Christian God-Man.

Емануил Попдимитров – и философия, и изкуство!

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article compares P. Slaveykov, Y. Yanev and E. Popdimitrov in respect to the relation between philosophy and art (literature). Pencho Slaveykov begins with the philosophy of Nietzsche, but remains entirely in the context of literature. Conversely, Yanko Yanev begins with poetry, but remains entirely in philosophy, while Emanuil Popdimitrov combines both in his works. This thesis is illustrated by an analysis of Popdimitrov's philosophical views and poetical works.

Българският Заратустра. Между превода и прочита

Author(s): Kamelia Zhabilova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

Undoubtedly, the perception of Nietzsche’s work by philosophers belonging to other nations and cultures is a particularly popular topic in world history of philosophy. Numerous studies have recently been devoted to Nietzsche’s influence on the spiritual traditions not only of Western and Eastern Europe but also of America and Asia. The Nietzsche Style is a challenge, equally in its provoking ideas, its “non-academic discourse” and with regard to its translation. This article aims to outline the general reception of Nietzsche’s ideas in Bulgarian culture seen through the various Bulgarian translations of Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Българска следа в проблема за раздвоението

Author(s): Ivanka Stapova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article is built around three themes: a focus on the problem of the divided personality and the destructive role of the double; a few remarks on the figure of the devil; and several illustrations related to the split personality, taken from works by Bulgarian diabolists. The author’s theoretical analyses of the divided personality in Bulgarian literature, especially as depicted by the Bulgarian diabolists, are supported by the works of Vladimir Polyanov and Svetoslav Minkov, who are the main writers pertaining to this literary current

The Bulgarian PEN Club: A Study in Interwar Cultural Internationalism

Author(s): Irina Gigova / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

This article reconstructs the history of the Bulgarian section of the International PEN. The PEN (initially standing for Poet, Essayists and Novelists) remains a global society of writers, founded in London in 1921, with the intent of promoting international understanding and higher social standing for writers and literature. The Bulgarian PEN was formed in 1926 by authors seeking to break the international isolation of Bulgaria, a former member of the Central Powers. The International PEN enabled Bulgarian literati to engage as non-state agents in cultural diplomacy of their own and to expand their intellectual and professional networks. Based on a variety of sources, the article analyzes the hopes, real limitations, and actual achievements of the Bulgarian PEN until its closing in 1941. It uses the organization’s interwar history to examine the workings in eastern Europe of what Akira Iriye called “cultural internationalism.” It demonstrates that while global literary and cultural relations remained inherently unequal, as discussed by Pascale Casanova, the International PEN did afford opportunities to smaller nations and literatures to establish regional and global contacts and become integrated in continental literary networks.

СРЕЩАТА С ЧЕРНОМОРИЕТО В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ПЪТЕПИС ПРЕЗ ПЪРВАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА ХХ ВЕК

Author(s): Antoaneta Balcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The dialogue of Bulgarian writers with the sea has always been subject of the historical epoch, the political conditions and the literary-aesthetic criteria, determining the creative messages and the ideological-thematic scope of their works. In the first half of the twentieth century he followed not only the intention to describe the new latitudes, but also the desire for aesthetic and philosophical understanding of their own and others, for immersion in the waters of the „inner self“, for metaphysical contemplation of the vast horizons. Their creative pursuits will lead to a dynamic development of the travel writing genre with the introduction of new imagery, stylistic and linguistic techniques and original compositional solutions.

ПЪРВООБРАЗНИЯТ „ЗЛАТОСТРУЙ” – СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ПРОУЧВАНИЯТА

Author(s): Dimitar Kenanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

In the end of the 9th century, with the direct participation of Bulgarian Tsar Simeon I the Great, the Zlatostruy (“Golden Stream”) book was compiled – an anthology of homilies by and excerpts from John Chrysostom. Since then, numerous Slavic Studies and Old Bulgarian Studies experts have taken interest in the Zlatostruy – with Alexander H. Vostokov, Victor I. Grigorovich, Izmail I. Sreznevsky, Vasiliy N. Malinin launching scholarly research of the prominent anthology. It is not our purpose to conduct a complete review of all research but rather to outline our thesis of the real, prototypical contents of the Zlatostruy, comprising only 45 homilies.

БОГ, ЦАР И НАРОД В ЗЛАТОСТРУЙ И ТЪРЖЕСТВЕНИК ОТ XII ВЕК

Author(s): Todorka Georgieva,Maria Tomova-Mihneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The report examines the ancient Bulgarian writers' vision of the ruler, reproduced in various literary works, in which the problem of the moral strength and purity of the king is sharply posed. The idea of the "divinity of power" explored through the gaze of the compiler of the short Zlatostruy and the Tarzhestvenik from 12th-century, created in the era when Christianity was established in our country in the struggle against Old Bulgarian paganism. In the translation and in the original words are exposed pride, greed and the unrighteousness of those who have departed from God and are sins of the earthly rulers who are called to humility and repentance. The Bible and Gospel examples suggest that sin is overcome if a person, be it king or servant, is conscious and repentant to earn the forgiveness and salvation of his soul.

ЗА ЕДИН СЪАВТОР НА СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ

Author(s): Tereza Gercheva / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

As a result of years of research in different in structure and origin manuscript octoys, as well as a comprehensive study of the compositions, grouped by purpose and subject, not according to the days of the week within the same voice, M. Yovcheva reaches the discovery of indisputable proof of the presence of a considerable share of the Old Bulgarian writers in the Slavic Octoih. In one of the copies of the liturgical collection, in 1999 Maria Yovcheva comes across works by St. Climent Ohridski. One of these works is the Canon of St. John the Baptist, on Tuesday in voice 1. The beginnings of the canopies of the canon were published by M. Yovcheva by the copies in Paraclitic (Syn. Type 80) from the manuscript collection of RGADA. During the process of researching the Clementian hymnographic heritage, it turned out that, in fact, some of the works attributed to the works of the Old Bulgarian hymnograph were actually signed by other writers, probably by his co-authors. This is also the case with the Canon of St. John the Baptist, since the acronym Prof. can probably be read in the accordance with the canonical model. In this case, too, it turns out that the work is a teamwork of the writers from the Golden Age.

ИСТИННЫЙ СВЯТОЙ И ИСТИННЫЙ УЧИТЕЛЬ: КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИЙ О СВ. КОНСТАНТИНЕ-КИРИЛЛЕ

Author(s): Tatiana Strokovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 20/2020

The article presents the ideas of Clement of Ohrid about concept of holiness and the ideal model of the Saint. Cyril-Constantine, teacher of Clement, is the real example of such phenomenon. An additional research’s interest lies in fact, that Clement’s combines in his attitude the personal motive of the follower to his leader with the generalized idea of holiness.

НОВООТКРИТ ПОДПИС НА Д. МАРИНОВ В ПОВЕСТ ЗА ВАРЛААМ И ЙОАСАФ (по ръкопис РМ 3/14)

Author(s): Nevena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The article examines a newly discovered dated signature of the ethnographer Dimitar Marinov, left in the marginal field of a transcript of the Tale of Barlaam and Joasaph (PM 3/14). A hypothesis is expressed for the most probable year written in the note. Relationships between the public activity of D. Marinov, Rila Monastery and A Tale of Barlaam and Joasaph are outlined.

ИНИЦИЈАЦИЈСКИ ОБРАСЦИ У МАКЕДОНСКИМ И БУГАРСКИМ ЕПСКИМ ПЕСМАМА О БАНОВИЋ СЕКУЛИ

Author(s): Slavica Lukič / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

In this work, the pattern of initiation in Macedonian and Bulgarian epic poems about Banovic Sekula was considered. It was done according to the customs that appear only in the eastern area of poems about this hero. The basic reason for Sekula’s inclusion into the pattern of initiation is his youth. Therefore, the differences in typological determination of Sekula as a young hero, in the eastern and western area of poems, are studied. The ritual base of the pattern of initiation is recognized, typical for the eastern cultural and historical areal –ʻsnihacestvo’ and ʻprvice’.

Пътешественикът и Европа: Приобщаване към вечността и миналото

Author(s): Mariya Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 105/2020

The primary focus of this article is on the travels through several established European cultural centres (Greece, Italy and Czechoslovakia) through the 1920s and 30s. The modern man in Bulgarian interwar literature takes the role of a receptive subject of different foreign cultures that gains through the process of familiarization and reflection a global or European sight to the world.

Някои мотиви на българската фантастика от социалистическия период: бягство от канона

Author(s): Boryana Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 105/2020

The article explores selected examples of the fantastic prose in Bulgarian literature in the 1970s and 1980s in the context of the socialist realist canon. It focuses on the dynamics of social and cultural attitudes in society, under the influence of which some of the finest works of Lyuben Dilov, Emil Manov and Pavel Vezhinov appear, which represent a kind of departure from the dominant style and thematic tendencies. The text examines the changed understanding of the function of literary creativity and the breakdown of monologic language within an ideologically homogeneous literary field.

Приносен научен справочник за българската книжовна история

Author(s): Elena Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 105/2020

Темата за града в лириката на Христо Смирненски и Александър Блок

Author(s): Dechka Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The researchers of Smirnenski’s poetry discover a connection between some of his works and A. Blok’s poem The Twelve (the image of the revolutionary as Christ with both poets). The text studies other modes of closeness between Blok and Smirnenski: the interpretations of the themes of the feast, the factory, and the harlot, included in the wider theme of the City. Kinship can be found in the opposition of two worlds - the sublime and true, versus the base social reality - by means of the contrast between the poetics of symbolism, and the linguistic means as social reality signs intended to break this poetics. Unlike Blok, however, Smirnenski breaks down the poetics of symbolism externally – through parody in his humorous works. Thus both poets, through similar but also distinct strategies, outline the limits of symbolism and imply its ending.

Цитиращият модернист и неговият адски град: случаите на Т. С. Елиът и Гео Милев

Author(s): Angel Igov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

The paper discusses the issue of intertextuality in modernist poetry by means of a comparative reading of two highly intertextual poets in English and Bulgarian literature: T. S. Eliot and Geo Milev. Despite the many differences between the two, substantial parallels can be found. The paper compares the character, the sources, and functions of intertextuality in their corpus of works. Close attention is paid to the representations of modern metropolis as hell, heavily based on Dante’s intertext in both cases (The Waste Land and Inferno, respectively). This shared characteristic is particularly significant for the interpretation of both poems. The paper also discusses the two poets’ critical stances, searching for the motivation behind the markedly intertextual character of their work.