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The paper introduces two approaches to the universal presentation of Bulgarian language resources. The first one is based on the creation of precise resource grammars for various languages in accordance with a particular linguistic theory. The second one is the conversion of an existing language resource in accordance with a new annotation scheme. The paper discusses the two approaches within the context of Bulgarian language, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses.
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The aim of the current article is to present the contributions of the Bulgarian researchers to the acknowledgment of the Partenii Pavlovich’s “Autobiography”. The review of the scientific research starts with the work of J. Ivanov. He is the first to discover the meaning of Partenii’s personality in terms of the spiritual and historical development of the southern Slavonic people. The author comments the contribution of P. Dinekov for including Partenii in the list of the Bulgarian writes of the 19th century. Studies of many other researchers are also reviewed, including the study of P. Boyadzhiev. This author created the only existing holistic research of the life and deeds of P. Pavlovich. Also, his work gives the direction of the future interpretations of the Partenii’s character – a person, who suffers and at the same time is a man of action.
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This article aims to acquaint the readers with the views of some of the most prominent Bulgarian linguists regarding our spelling reform in 1945. Bulgarian press leads very interesting debates, disputes and discussions about the necessary and not so necessary changes in Bulgarian spelling. Some of the articles are published as a answer against other articles and opinions. The preparing of the reform began many years before its completion and before the government of the Fatherland Front came to power. The reform was made in six months, but its implementation continued more than 20 years.
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The object of the article is the warrior imagery in the Bulgarian Juvenile poetry from the period 1912–1918. Lyrical modeling of the wars have been also characterized. Important correlations between the concepts of culture and war have been studied. The mechanisms for converting the batalistiks into the “child” issues have been revealed. The thesis of humanistic aspect of the considered verse corps have been derived.
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Lermontov’s A Hero of Our Time never fails to impress with its accurate analysis of modern man’s inner drama. Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Pechorin’s story is that of a self-made man, of a lone sufferer and dignified wanderer around the world. Pechorin’s reflection isn’t a blessing but rather a damnation of a person who has come to realize his brainy superfluity. Boredom is a metonym for the impasse of the soul in the calculating greedy world.
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The current research aims to track how the postmodern 19th c. models of cultural identification are being constructed. Our attention is attracted by the devices of the genuine pattern for coming back into the childhood memory, used by Todor Vlaykov in his memoir “Childhood” (v. І). A few conceptual micromodels are interpreted, including the following concerned ones: “аccomodation” of flashback into an outspread, detailed and memory sacral vision of the interior in narrator’s native house; рointing out the woman’s and man’s acts during establishing and adopting the domestic microarea; acts which are “distributed” between the mother and the father; detailization of the strict adherence to the ethographic facts of the interior architecture of his native house and according to historically fixed architectural features of the period.
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The main goal of the article is to describe relations between literature, literary studies and philosophy. The author points out in the text the concept of Janusz Sławinski, formulated in the article “Literary statement and philosophical statement. Three points and also one” and discussed with his propositions. She tries to show situations in which the same literary text should be analyzed from two points of view – from the philosophical perspective and from the perspectives connected to literary studies – at once. The article offers a methodological reflection presented in the light of modern comparative, interdisciplinary studies.
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The article tackles the issue of pun structures used in love designations (denominations, namings) in Petko Slaveykov’s Anacreontic songs. They have been interpreted as an impulse for a new cultural identity, an accomplished Renaissance articulation of human passions, sympathy sought, joy and delight in everyday life, and thus they have secured P. Slaveykov – at the level of reception and by virtue of the popularity of songbook lyrics, the initial accrual of “literary assets”.
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In this article several points from Constantine Kostenechki’s Treatise are analyzed, which refer to Euthymius’s reform, liturgical books, the Septuagint and the tradition about abba Kyriakos. It transpires that the pieces of evidence from Constantine Kostenechki’s Treatise differ greatly from the author’s view. He relies on the traditional interpretation of the given details and not on the information given by the mediaeval scholar. Thus, “established” facts from the Treatise are interpolated without taking into consideration data presented from the Treatise which does not mention any reform taking place; liturgical books are not taken into account as revised by Euthymius of Tarnovo but the Pentateuch; at the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus not the whole of the Old Testament was translated but only the books written by Moses.
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Bulgarian writers who settled in Argentina in the 1920s formed friendly and literary connections which continued cross the Оcean. Such is the case of the well-known author Boris Shivachev (1902-1932), “the first Bulgarian Hispanist”, and Stoyan Danev (1901–1981), a far less known publicist in Bulgarian and Spanish and author of stories in Spanish. There is much less information about the latter and his relations with Shivachev than, for example, about Shivachev and Samuil Strezov (1901-1984). By publishing and studying an unknown letter from Danev to Shivachev – from 1928 – and a dedication by Danev from 1931, we prove the regularity of correspondence between the two old friends and the fact that they informed each other about their literary undertakings and life vicissitudes.
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Neofit Petrov Hilendarets, also called Bozvely, claimed to have authored eight books. But literary historians researching the literature of the Bulgarian National Revival have only found seven thus far. This paper attempts to present all facts supporting the case for the existence of an eight book by this author, who is one of the founders of the Bulgarian-language clerical Christian literature in the more recent history of the country. Summarizing the presented data, the author expresses her expectation that the still-missing A Brief Interpretation of Liturgy („Краткое тълкование на литургията“) could be found during field research in some of the places of Christian worship in the country
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The essay reviews a recent collection of seminal critical readings of Bulgarian literature as “world literature.” Published by Bloomsbury Academic, the volume under discussion contributes to the study of the dynamic interaction of “minor” literatures with local, regional, and wider manifestations of global literary space. It is organized in four sections of thematic contributions authored by scholars from Bulgaria and beyond that discuss historical, geographical, economic, and genetic processes in the development of Bulgarian literature. The review follows the sections closely, and is attentive to specific phenomena, positions, texts, and contexts that render the concept of “minor literature” negotiable and open to reformulations. As most of the static labels are nowadays flushed into the conglomerate of “marginocentricity” and the reality of “quality literature” is no longer a criterion in the admission of local literatures to worldwide prominence, literary circulation has, to a great extent, become a function of the global market. The publication of the reviewed volume is the outcome of a vigorous effort to establish Bulgaria’s literary location within these processes and beyond them.
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The article analyzes the artistic features of the best film adaptations of several works by Ivan Vazov – the novel Under the Yoke and the novellas Characters and Outcasts. It also examines the dialogue between the literary original and the scripts, the cinematic means of expression and the literary techniques. The paper also discusses the director’s concepts and acting achievements in the respective film adaptations.
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The article interprets a little-known literary work by Lyuben Karavelov - the novelette "Progressive". It was written in 1875 and the prototype of the main character is the Revival activist Ivan Kasabov. The relations between Lyuben Karavelov and Ivan Kasabov until 1875 are described in the context of the political movements of the Bulgarian emigration against the Ottoman rule. The motives for the creation of the sharp satire against Ivan Kasabov have been systematized. The main plot lines of the work are also highlighted. The circumstances surrounding the marginalization of the novelette are indicated. Ivan Kasabov's biography after 1878 is briefly traced, showing the unfoundedness of Karavelov's assessment of his friend from the time of their work together. The article does not exaggerate the role of literary narratives in assessing historical circumstances, but through the fictional text it adds new touches to the image of two of the most famous political functionaries of the Bulgarian Revival epoch.
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The study is divided into several thematic cores, which consistently consider, argue, and analyze the idea of the fantastic as a place of Balkan inter-literary dialogue. The intercultural contacts in the Balkans and the problem related to the topic of the Balkan identity are presented. The idea of dialogues in literature is discussed, and the fundamental theories of dialogism in the works of Mikhail Bakhtin and Martin Buber are presented. In addition, the founding concept of Nikola Georgiev’s “silent dialogues” is introduced. The study outlines the specifics of each national context (Bulgarian, Serbian and Croatian) with an emphasis on fantastic discourse. Similar motifs and archetypal symbols, united by the genre of the fantastic, are analyzed. The authors whose novels were used for the study are Agop Melkonyan, Goran Tribuson, Zoran Živković and Boban Knežević.
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This article presents analyses and interpretations of the work of the Bulgarian poet Nikolay Kanchev (1936—2007), collected in the Polish-language volume Against the Absence (2020), translated by Wojciech Gałązka. It takes into account the critical context of the Polish and Bulgarian reception of Nikolay Kanchev’s poetry. The presence of Nikolay Kanchev’s work in Poland since the 1980s is possible thanks to the long-standing efforts of his translator, Wojciech Gałązka. In his homeland, the poet experienced the censorship’s rejection of his first two volumes Presence (1965) and As a Mustard Seed (1968), many years of silence (1968—1980), and a successful but belated reception since the 1990s. A review of historical-literary studies makes it possible to identify the ideological and aesthetic choices of Kanchev’s poetry — neoclassicism, metarealism, conceptualism, philosophical intellectualism, laconicism, and paradoxicality.
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The article starts with the observation that Sigmund Freud’s teaching is based on the experience gained in the treatment in psychiatric clinics but has become a comprehensive theory seeking to explain the secret manifestations of the spirit. For the first time it has shed light on a series of mysterious mental facts and has made it possible to penetrate into the depths of the unconscious. Psychoanalysis has an experimental basis and is a precise psychological method. It helps establish the spiritual structure composed of the conscious and unconscious and the preconscious in between. Psychic life is governed by two basic principles – pleasure and reality. Artistic creativity largely reflects the struggle between reality and drives as well as its consequences in the unconscious. The reason for psychoanalyzing artistic works as well as the poet's soul, is the fact that aesthetically valuable works are created almost unconsciously. The motives of the work and the poet's characters manifest his inclinations in a disguised form. Therefore the psychoanalysis of a specific work includes not only the analysis of it alone, but also of its author at definite periods of his development. Special attention among the unconscious human complexes has been given to the Oedipus complex which has inspired many authors. His influence on the work of several Bulgarian poets has been analyzed including Hristo Botev, Ivan Vazov, Pencho Slaveykov, Dimcho Debelyanov and Peyo Yavorov
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The paper Ideology and Pragmatism to Andrei Guleaski analyze in which way the socialist-communist ideology connect the utopia with the practice in the novel of the Bulgarian neorealist writer Andrei Guleaski, The House with Mahogany Staircase, in the second part of the twentieth century century. Brusarski family it is revelator in this case: despite a common past (they acted in communist-anarchist party cells), the three brothers evolve differently, applying the ideology according to their inner nature, in the in the process of modernization through industrialization of the society. Some of them oppose to the brutal manner of removal from a familiar archaic life, and others taking advantage of ideology to promote themselves in profession and in society.
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