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Růžena Jesenská is a figure who is almost non-existent in the Czech history of literature. Most often she is only mentioned in the anecdotes about Milena Jesenská to whom she was related. The fact that there are reliable analyses devoted to the works of this writer is even more surprising when we take a look at her numerous works, high writing skills and the themes she touched upon. Růžena Jesenská’s works include all literary genre and are addressed to various audiences. This study focuses on the issue of the writer’s lyric techniques. Examining the lyric works, spanning over more than 50 years, is a real challenge especially given the fact that regarding its time span, it includes different (and often opposing) poetological canons. Its roots are to be found in the epoch of realism whereas the last works were published in the heyday of the avant-garde. However, what can be noticed in Jesenská’s works is also the influence of protoimpressionism, which puts her in the broader tendency of artistic expression of the poetry of the 1880s. Hypotyposis, emotionality and romantic aura are the most significant exponents of Jesenská’s poetic idiostyle which influenced the manner of composing the represented world. In her poetry and following other impressionists, Růžena Jesenská – like a painter – wished to reveal the represented world through the senses and then to saturate it with the psychological content of the subject. This was manifested in trying to subjectively capture the unrepeatable and atypical impressions through the colourful articulation which transferred the emotional and feeling states. The creation of the represented world is thus not an aim in itself nor a decorative manner. Imagery is just a reason for exposing the internal world of the lyrical subject.
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Václav Kahuda’s proses have been published continuously since 1992 when the author debuted with the short story called Příběh o baziliškovi. This study is dedicated to the first three Kahuda’s proses, Příběh, Veselá bída, and Exhumace. The author’s focus is on the possibilities of depiction of the world and one of the basic tendencies for these works: the principle of pleasure, its development and satisfaction. This figuration in Kahuda’s works leads to the emergence of a world in which it is not possible to live with dignity, and whose boundaries must be overcome by various ways. In addition to the thematic analysis, which shows how deeply this principle is embedded in the construction of Kahuda’s works, the author of the study also focuses on the language means through which Kahuda tries to invent a specific jargon of pleasure. It shows to which extent this language is a practice that violates established cultural standards.
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The paper employs Aby Warburg’s concept of Nachleben to analyse Božena Němcova’s figure. It concentrates on her images created after 1989 which constitute a sign of breaking the cultural taboo. In Urban’s action novel, she is demythologized in the intermezzi that are ostensibly unrelated to the actual plot. Novotný’s figuratively and literally “undresses” the writer, whereas Lagronová demonstrates the woman’s tragedy as a victim of other people’s desires.
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The article is devoted to the characteristic of academic folklore as a folklore genre, supplemented by relevant examples of academic anecdotes and humorous life stories, humorous life stories concerning the personality of Professor Oldřich Králík, a literary scientist who worked in the years 1946–1975 at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Palacký University in Olomouc, Oldřich Králík as a masterpiece of Professor Ondřej Malík in the detective prose works of Václav Erben Denár v dívčí dlani (Denar in the Girl’s Loof (1980) and Poslední pád Mistra Materny (The Last Fall of Actor Materna (1987), and mentioned detective novels and TV adaptation of Denár v dívčí dlani as a remarkable use of intertextuality and intermediality.
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On 28 October 1918, Czechoslovakia, one of the new countries on the map of Central Europe, appeared. It was a common republic of two nations, being a true implementation of the somewhat idealistic idea of Czechoslovakism — an optional combination of Czechs and Slovaks within one country and Czechoslovakian divided into two language ‘branches’ Czech and Slovak. In the centenary of Czechoslovakia the author describes the initial (ethnic) conditions and the state of the Czech language in ‘the first’ 20 years (1918–1938) as well as the development and modernization of modern Czech in the field of lexis, grammar solutions, the style, and artistry of Czech literature. He also mentions the timeless scientific and theoretical initiatives (e.g. Prague Linguistic Circle) which the Czech-Slovak linguistic achievements have raised to a global level.
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The contribution represents a fragment of an intended Lexicon of grammatical-semantic features. It presents only very general properties as components of grammatical categories and the results of their presence or non-presence for category value interpretation and for (in)compatibility of language means. Grammatical features of a lexical unit can be described with the help of the tagset, i.e., analytical morphological label. Similarly, it is possible to describe a complete grammeme on the principle of fractals, including inner structure of each grammatical category and their values with the help of sets of grammatical-semantic properties. Grammatical-semantic properties bound on lexical forms are not isolated from lexical-semantic features: the first can be considered as a result of grammaticalization of the latter. From the chosen point of view, the construction of grammar from a semantic basis seems to be as a multi-level phenomenon to such a level in which grammatical-semantic properties are based on similarity and contrast in the area of lexical-semantic properties.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of the latest Czech vocabulary the hybridity of which results from the combination of word-formation means of Czech and English origin. It first focuses on the position of hybrid formations among borrowings and provides a terminological overview of the types of borrowing from English (anglicisms – pseudoanglicisms – calques – hybrids). Then, drawing on a sample of excerpts from contemporary Czech texts, it suggests possible classifications of hybrids with English word-forming elements and illustrates their different types.
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The paper introduces the concept of phonaesthemes and discusses its relevance for linguistic theory, subsequently trying to identify initial phonaesthemes in Czech consisting of at least two consonants. The sequence /chr-/ seems to be a prototypical phonaestheme in Czech. As only one other sequence (/hň-/) appears to be reliably identifiable as a phonaestheme, it seems that phonaesthemes are not particularly common in Czech, when compared e.g. with English. However, this conclusion might not be warranted if less strict criteria for defining phonaesthemes were applied. The importance of further research into phonaesthemes and sound symbolism in Czech is highlighted by the lack of literature on sound symbolism and iconicity in the Czech lexicon, as seen in the context of the recent research on this topic in other languages.
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The paper deals with the functioning of if-clauses in mathematical word problems and with their equivalents. First, the nature of a word problem as a text type is shown. Further, the difference between complex sentences with proper implicative-causal relation and a lay use of conditional clauses is examined. As its main goal, the paper presents a comparison of various instances of conditional clauses in mathematics word problems. Also, it shows the role of formulaic stereotypy and conventional assumptions in word problem texts as an integral part of both the mathematical and the communicative competence
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Teaching elementary Czech to university students is a challenging task. Given the profound complexity and numerous exceptions found in the Czech language system, a balance between oversimplification on the one hand and overwhelming students on the other hand needs to be sought. The objective of this study is to find out whether and to what extent do beginner Czech learners understand how selected grammatical categories work in Czech. The results imply that more attention should be paid to word formation processes as insufficient understanding of them was identified not only in students who were new to Czech but also in the control group.
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The aim of this paper is to illustrate through two sentences how foreign learners perceive the structure of the Czech language. Respondents were asked to write answers on how the language works, what the syntactic relations of the sentence members are, and why the chosen words have their concrete forms with respect to the whole clause. The survey collected answers of a wide range of respondents with respect to both the number of years of studying the Czech language and their native language. After a brief introduction to the Czech language focusing mainly on the syntactic and morphological properties that were at the center of attention in this survey, the chosen survey questions are analyzed. It turned out that learners of the Czech language were willing to participate in this survey; in total the respondents provided answers in 95.7 % of cases, which helped to get more exact results. It emerged that respondents of the survey fully answered the questions correctly in 52.7 % of cases. The remaining 47.3 % of responses were either wrong or incomplete depending on the form of the question. The results of this survey lead us to the conclusion that it might be worth focusing more on the system of morphology and syntax while teaching Czech for foreigners. The complete list of answers with respect to the number of years of studying the Czech language is attached in the appendix.
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Declensional morphology of nouns in Czech and Russian is investigated and compared. It is shown that, in general, word forms which are more similar to their lemmas are preferred, but there are differences between animate and inanimate nouns and also among grammatical genders. The frequency distribution of grammatical cases is also studied, with animacy and gender being again important factors.
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The paper is based on the contribution of Miloš Dokulil in the field of word formation and its application in Complex Language Analysis, it mentions him as a founding member of the journal Czech Language and Literature, then it focuses entirely on clarifying Miloš Dokulil’s contribution to the processing of the Čeština – řeč a jazyk (Czech Ż speech and language), which was significantly larger than originally expected and than is in the breakdown of the authors’ share given in the book. This fact is gradually being revealed.
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The paper investigates the history of the Phonographic archives, which existed at the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1919 to 1957. The main method of the study was archival retrieval in the Masaryk Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Charles University Archives. The paper draws attention to the national aspects of foundation of the Phonographic Archives, and also to the financial conditions of its beginnings. International responses to its existence are also mentioned. The connections among the archival resources show which aspects prevented fulfilment of the original aims, i.e. especially support of mother tongue teaching: dramaturgical fractionalism, too wide thematic spectrum, and also wrong decisions based on overestimating personal contacts. The research shows that despite the effort of the Phonographic archives organisers and the huge costs, the archival audiorecordings remained rather unused and even today represent a wealthy source of period audiodocuments.
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The aim of the article is to show the culinary heritage of the Polish-Czech-German borderland as exemplified by Silesian names of noodles. 71 dialect lexemes were analyzed in the text; their origin and motivation were discussed. Several motivational groups have been distinguished: names relating to the method of preparing the dish; names referring to its main ingredient; names indicating the organoleptic properties of the noodles (colour, shape, texture) and their connection with the region or country. Some examples of noodle names are loans from German and Czech, pointing to a common culinary heritage. The text is based on old and new ethnographic sources, dialect dictionaries and field materials collected in the last few years in the area of Silesia and Opole Provinces.
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The presented paper is an outline of changes in the conception of the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech (ADCC) for the period from 2020 onwards. We summarize the basic points of both the already implemented and planned changes in the concept and briefly characterize the future direction of work on the ADCC. The main motivation for the changes taken is the aim to finalize the dictionary core as soon as possible. In the paper we focus especially on issues regarding web design and macrostructural, microstructural as well as mediostructural phenomena. We are based, among other things, on the following postulates: (a) In accordance with the lexicographic trends of the present, the user aspect is given more emphasis in the ADCC than in the past. (b) We strive to create a lexical platform that will include various other dictionaries and offer links to corpora. (c) The ADCC is built as a growing dictionary, in the first phase the entries of 50 thousand most frequent words of contemporary Czech will be published.
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