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The « Me » Phenomenon in the Novel “Le Rapport De Brodeck” by Philippe Claudel

Author(s): Mustafa Kol / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

In this study the concept of “ego” in the twenty first century French writer and film director Phillipe Claude’s work, The Report of Brodect (Le Rapport de Brodeck), has been analysed. The concept of “ego” has been analysed by considering mostly the Phillipe Gaspari’s critical work (Est-il je? Roman autobiographical novel et autofiction, Seuil, Paris, 2004.) In this study the literary type of The Report of Brodeck has also been studied. The writer, Philippe Claudel transmitted the past upsetting events to the today’s readers by developing empathy through the technique of autofiction. He felt the need of writing this novel which carried the apology message as a French.

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The Psychoanalysis of Heroine Alissa on the Path of Virtue

Author(s): Hulya Kol / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

André Gide, a writer of the twentieth century, has his way of interpreting the problems of his generation. He differs from other writers because he does not like imitation. In his novel, Strait Is the Gate, Gide criticizes the exaggeration on the path of virtue. By renouncing life, Alissa not only spoils her life but also spoils the lives of those who love her. The narrative appears like this on the surface but we must go down into the depths to clarify things. As it is said so well, the medallion has two faces. Even if Alissa appears to abandon herself on the path of God, there are implicit reasons which push her towards despair. In reality, Alissa remains impotent before her sentimental failure and finds no outlet to get by. So she renounces life because she can no longer stand this painful situation. Death seems to her a solution to escape from it. This is the case of many young people who live in the same difficult period. Their weakness ends up annihilating them because they lose their hope.

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« À quoi bon se parler avec la voix quand on se peut parler avec l’âme ? » Le silence dans les textes narratifs de Marie Krysinska

Author(s): Ewa M. Wierzbowska / Language(s): French Issue: 7/2017

Literature is filled with silence, which, being polysemic, is a medium much harder to decipher than a word, whose semantic bearing capacity is more limited. To explore silence is to try to gain access to something most intimate, something that does not want to – or cannot – appear in verbal form. In Krysinska’s selected texts one observes silence on two levels, the narrative level and the story level. In most cases, we are dealing with a communicative silence. On the story level, characters use silence as an efficient way of achieving their goals or they are forced into silence by external factors. In many cases silence is imposed on the characters, it is not their choice, for in the given situation they could not utter even a single word. On the narrative level it is the narrator who condemns characters to the role of quasi-mutes, for any statements from characters are relatively rare. The narrator does not allow them to speak freely, he uses reported speech. He exercises active control over the reader, skilfully directing their reception and forcing them to accept his point of view.

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LA LITTÉRATURE POUR LA JEUNESSE REVISITÉE : DE L’AUTRE CÔTÉ D’ALICE DE GEORGES-OLIVIER CHÂTEAUREYNAUD

Author(s): Aleksandra Komandera / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2017

In his short stories from De l’autre côté d’Alice, Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud chooses three classics belonging to children’s literature in order to rewrite them for adults. First, the intertextual principle, which is constituted by Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up and The Adventures of Pinocchio, can be easily identified through elements of the paratext. Then, the analysis of references to the models shows that the French writer modifies mainly themes, and theses transformations are of two types: diegetic (changes within protagonists and the chronotope) and pragmatic (changes in narrative sequences). The meeting of the past texts and the present ideas leads to an original rewriting example, demanding a ludic and hermeneutic reading.

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LE RAVISSEMENT DE LOL V. STEIN ET LA PRINCESSE DE CLÈVES : UNE LECTURE INTERTEXTUELLE DES STÉRÉOTYPES

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2017

The subject matter of this article will be an intertextual analysis of the pivotal ball scenes in the novels Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein by Marguerite Duras and La Princesse de Clèves by Madame de La Fayette. Despite the obvious differences in the poetics, creative visions, and styles of both writers, the reading of a 20th century literary work through the prism of the classic text exposes the stereotypes of love and a femme fatale also present in the novel by Duras. The ball from Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein, which draws on the ball from La Princesse de Clèves, illustrates the complex nature of love as an unhappy, mysterious emotion. The 17th century literary work inspired Duras to implicitly show passion as the quest of the heroine for the absolute as well as her total alienation.

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Blanchot: Trzecie między zaimkami

Author(s): Wojciech Kalaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The paper is concerned with the negation of dichotomous and totalizing thinking in the work of Maurice Blanchot from the standpoint of the category of the Third. Kalaga proposes a close reading of Blanchot’s texts to analyse concepts such as neuter, the unknown, the fragmentary as well as writing and trace in Blanchot’s version of the Eternal Return. These concepts evade the binary logic of the Western logos, while the very act of writing – viewed from their perspective – eventually leads to the erasure of the self and the subject.

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La « laide vérité ». Le rêve de Cahus revisité

Author(s): Joanna Gorecka-Kalita / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper is to propose an analysis of the Cahus’ Dream, a well known episode of the Perlesvaus, Arthurian romance from the 13th century, within the context of the medieval dream theories. Inspired mostly by Macrobius’ Commentary on the Dream of Scipio – focusing on the divinatory (or deceptive/ illusory) role of dreams – as well as by Tertullian’s and Augustine’s Christian reflections on the relations between the soul and the sleeping body, these theories permit to shed a new light on the oneiric adventure of the squire. In fact, the author furnishes numerous clues which make it look as an insomnium or fantasma: a false, illusory dream, deprived of any deeper signification. Thus, unable of uncovering some hidden, symbolic meaning, the mirage paradoxically turns out to be a material, “ugly”, as the text has it, truth, blurring the border between dream and reality in a most confusing way, and setting the specific Perlesvaus tone from the very beginning of the romance.

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Literackie inscenizacje Georges’a Pereca

Author(s): Ewelina Woźniak-Czech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2017

The purpose of this sketch to present Georges Perec’s work in the context of drama. As Perec wrote just one play for the theater, it’s hard to call him a dramatist. However, it is easy to see that all the literary tricks he uses in his works are a part of a well-thought-out game. The author of Life a User’s Manual employs and interweaves various literary conventions, prompts dialogue between his own works and draws the reader into the very center of his tricks, nuances and simulations. Perec’s writing could be deemed a pure act of dramatization, where the author himself, to some extent, takes on the role of director, making his audience not so much the recipients of his texts but the actors performing them.

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Tragiczna albo groteskowa

Author(s): Anna Piwkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 674/2018

Zdrada – zarówno w życiu, jak i w literaturze – może być albo tragiczna, albo groteskowa. Ale czy to w jakikolwiek sposób zmienia dramat zdradzonego i zdradzającego? Przypadki Anny Kareniny i Emmy Bovary, kobiet, które za swoją zdradę płacą samobójstwem, pokazują, że jednak nie.

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FOUGERET DE MONBRON: AVVENTURIERO LIBERTINO NEL SECOLO DEI LUMI

Author(s): Messina Luisa / Language(s): Italian Issue: 17/2018

French literary history has widely analyzed the importance of the most famous writers, celebrated in cultural awake characterizing the Eighteenth-Century. Besides those certainly relevant personalities, it is necessary considering other persons of letters who have been unfairly forgotten because of their bad reputation. There are, in particular, libertine authors (Fougeret de Monbron, Nerciat and Chevrier), obliged to wander in Europe not only because of scandal, caused by their works, but also because of their personality which differs from social conventions of the time.So, we have decided to consider Louis Charles Fougeret de Monbron (1706-1760)’s adventurous spirit. Born in Péronne in 1706 in a rich family, the young man shows soon a strong intolerance face to social rules. Then, he chooses to try a dissolute life, considered like an open challenge to all forms of authorities. After have search for the world truth though the strict contact with bad girls and men wandering in Paris, his voyager spirit pushes Fougeret de Monbron to go in 1742 to England, the first stop-over in a series of long travels which will be a constant of his life. The libertine writer will have, in fact, the possibility to visit Netherlands, actual Turkey, Italy (Rome, Venice, Bologna), Frederic II’s court in Berlin. He goes across Europe from Western sides (Spain and Portugal) to his Eastern borders (Russia).

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La première autobiographie dans la littérature persane entre normes traditionnelles et société moderne

Author(s): Sara Seid Mohammadi / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2017

France has been witnessing a proliferation of autobiographical literatures, also known as personal or intimate literatures, in recent decades. These stories take different forms and tell the life or life periods of an individual. These are life stories that claim a subjective ‘I’. In Iran, self-writing has begun, in recent years, to interest modern writers and critics who try, in more or less disguised forms, to tell in writing the story of their lives in a context where literature is always in direct connection with politics. In this context, the purpose of this article is to question the first self-writings that appeared in Iran. In what context has this self-literature emerged? How is the first self-writing of Iranian writers expressed? What is its real place? The first part of this article will be devoted to the context of the emergence of autobiography, and the relationship between modern society and self-writing from the eighteenth century in France, which will serve as a model to explain, in a second time, the framework of appearance of autobiography in Iran. The second part will analyze textual elements, the narration of A stone on a tomb, the first autobiography in Iran.

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LA PRINCESSE DE CLÈVES : QUELLE PLACE POUR LES INTERPRÉTATIONS GENRÉES DANS LE PARCOURS SCOLAIRE ?

Author(s): Željka Janković / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2016

Le célèbre roman La Princesse de Clèves de Madame de Lafayette est traditionnellement considéré comme une peinture pessimiste de la lutte entre le coeur et le devoir, la passion et la vertu. Cependant, à partir des années 1980 un corpus considérable de travaux apporte de nouvelles lectures, envisageant l’oeuvre à la lumière des théories du genre. Parmi eux, nous soulignerions l’importance du volume Approaches to Teaching Lafayette’s The Princess of Clèves (éd. F. E. Beasley et K. A. Jensen, 1998), qui fournit de nouveaux outils d’analyse du roman en classe. Tout en résumant dans un premier temps les résultats de ces approches modernes, nous nous donnerons pour tâche principale d’examiner dans quelle mesure elles figurent aux côtés des lectures « classiques » du roman dans le matériel scolaire actuel, pour inciter à la réflexion sur les enjeux idéologiques non seulement du choix du canon littéraire mais aussi de son interprétation.

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LES ROUMAINES À PARIS. ÉCRIVAINES FRANÇAISES D’ORIGINE ROUMAINE : DORA D’ISTRIA, ANNA DE NOAILLES ET MARTHE BIBESCO OU COMMENT PEUT-ON ÊTRE ROUMAIN DANS L’EUROPE DES NATIONS ?

Author(s): Efstratia Oktapoda / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2016

I will discuss in this paper on Romanian-born French women-writers, illustrious authors of high repute: Dora d’Istria, Anna de Noailles and Martha Bibesco. Three women and as many cultural routes of exceptional women, Romanian women, women of letters and lounges, French women-writers. Three interesting and convergent cases, since all three choose to write in French texts that relate, in their great majority, of Romania. More than Anna de Noailles, who was born in Paris of Romanian parents in exile, both Dora d’Istria and Martha Bibesco come from Bucharest, choose the Parisian scene when leaving Romania, write in French and they become French writers. Paris, the capital of literary phenomena and of cultural crossroads, a city of excitement and fervor, is causing a surge of creativity, the privileged space of a permanent bubbling.

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Détail, signe, tache: La représentation du corps dans le roman d’Émile Zola

Author(s): Jolanta Rachwalska von Rejchwald / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2018

Realistic literature of the nineteenth century, striving to create the most faithful illusion of reality, comes to the limits of mimesis. The detail, which was supposed to build and give credibility to l’effet de réel, because of the excess and grotesqueness of use leading to signifié deterioration, becomes a paradoxical tool, because it undermines the foundation of the aesthetic category of realism. The aim of the article is to show that in Zola's novel, the detail does not devaluate, but on the contrary, it becomes an important element in constructing a network of meanings and a visual and rhythmic counterpoint. The use of the variable scale of perception for portraying the body detracts from the observed details and in a risky manner, for the poetics of realism, pushes the boundaries of the real world towards the invisible. The chromatic aspect of detail of the heroine’s physiognomy (signs) evidenced by Zola, testifies to the writer's intentionally constructing figurativeness into an elaborate constellation of meanings functioning both within the Les Rougon-Macquart cycle and resonating with the iconic context of the era (Courbet's painting Burial in Ornans).

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Entre la sobriété et l’excentricité : l’élégant dilemme du dandy

Author(s): Edyta Kociubińska / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2018

Contrary to popular belief, dandyism is not an immoderate delight in elegance. In fact, for the perfect dandy the excellence of costume is only a sign of aristocratic superiority of mind. The present paper aims to show the subtle manipulations, by means of which the dandy provokes society and the salon public, nonchalantly merging sublime manners and outrageous impertinence. Dandy, therefore, is not an ordinary man following fashion, but a rebel who don’t hesitate to play with rules, who takes a permanent risk, turning his existence in the game contradictions.

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L’arriviste : Emblème du déplacement dans le roman réaliste français des années 1830–1895. Esquisse

Author(s): Anna Hanotte-Zawiślak / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2018

An arriviste is a typical example of a ‘child of the nineteenth century.’ The arriviste is a product of social and political developments such as The French revolution, Napoleonic rule and the industrial revolution. The changing climate of the nineteenth century provides new opportunities for young people, stimulating their imagination and awakening their ambitions to conquer the world. The ‘arriviste’ is a character in movement. The French term ‘arriviste’ first appears in the nineteenth century, and describes a hero who is ‘still arriving’, having not yet accomplished his career ambitions. An ‘arriviste’ is thus different from a parvenu, as he has not yet succeeded. The ‘arriviste’ usually begins his career when he leaves his family home as a young adult. He leaves behind his rural village or town, aiming to find success in the capital. He moves through social classes, shifting from his own modest milieu to socializing with the wealthy upper classes. The ‘arriviste’ is a literary character who unites himself with geographical and social displacement. Furthermore, he is often considered as a displaced hero. In search of a new position, he risks being considered as a usurper, unable to find the right place in the Society.

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Du Prométhée enchaîné au Prométhée « délivré » — La Reprise du mythe dans Hécatombéon de Matéi Visniec

Author(s): Sylwia Kucharuk / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2018

The aim of this article is to analyze the play by Matéi Visniec Hécatombéon, a contemporary variation on the myth of Prometheus, in comparison with Aeschylus’ drama Prometheus Bound, allowing us to observe an interesting dialogue that is developed between the hypotext and the hypertext. Applying the terminology of G. Genette, the analysis seeks to observe how different kinds of transformations present in the hypertext are made, and then to consider a new possible reading of the old text.

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SPACE AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY AT GEORGES PEREC AND JULIEN GRACQ

Author(s): Simona Laura Şuta / Language(s): French Issue: 14/2018

The space theme was since always the main subject regarding the philosophical debates. As for Perec and Gracq, the interest concerning the space applies autobiographically, through secrets that are kept hidden and signs that leave place for questions. For both, the past is rebuilt by searching, exploring the space by writing.

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MISADVENTURES OF THE FEMININE CHARACTER IN JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU’S NOVEL, JULIE, OR THE NEW HÉLOÏSE

Author(s): Ana-Elena Costandache / Language(s): French Issue: 14/2018

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the important figures of the 18th century. Its work represents a great point of interest with regard to the elements of innovation, especially the romantic innovations (Confessions, Julie, or the New Héloïse, Reveries of the Solitary Walker) and those philosophical (On the Social Contract, Emile or On education) which reveal him like an eminent philosopher. Our study relates to the novel Julie or the New Héloïse, which proposes, as of its title, a message except for: a character with “a new” facet. Consequently, we propose a comparative study between “old Heloise”, the heroin of the history of love which fascinated generations since 12th century, and “the new Héloïse”, that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

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SENSE AND SYNCHRONICITY IN THE WRITINGS OF MIRCEA ELIADE AND MICHEL TOURNIER

Author(s): Daniela Mirea / Language(s): French Issue: 13/2018

Our article aims to analyze the ontological transformation process of the Elidian and Tournerian characters, as a result of their participation to certain synchronic events. Our analytical endeavor is methodologically supported by the abysmal Jungian analysis. At a first glance, such events seem to be ordinary occurrences, apparently random, lacking consequences in becoming the character. Although camouflaged in the ordinary, they produce profound and disorienting revelations in the ontic situation of the characters. The synchronic events are significant coincidences, with an unwavering transformative finality for the actant. Behind such events, apparently insignificant, lies the subtle weave of the destiny.

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