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Considérations sur le style d’Irène Nemirovsky dans Le Malentendu

Author(s): Mădălina-Steliana Deaconu / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2015

The purpose of this study is to analyse the style of Irène Némirovsky in her early novel Le Malentendu with a focus on three main figures of speech: metaphors, similes and epithets. Metaphors are analysed from the semantic and grammatical points of view. At the same time, we attempt at presenting the underlying metaphoric mechanism they are based on. Similes are also analysed from a semantic and syntactic point of view. Epithets are classified in terms of form and meaning.

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A Swann új fordítása elé

Author(s): Andor Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2013

The first volume of À la recherche du temps perdu was published in 1913 without producing a great literary event. Nevertheless, since its publishing, Proust’s roman-fleuve has become one of the most important literary performances of the 20th century. Having finished a new Hungarian translation, the author explains the method and the procedure he adopted in order to obtain simultaneously more fidelity to the original and more elegance, in spite of the Proustian prose being notorious for giving rise to insurmountable difficulties. To illustrate the result of his labour, the journal publishes the chapter describing the memorable scene of Swann’s visit at the narrator’s family in Combray, when Marcel, sent to bed in his chamber without having said adieu to his mother, decides to wait and finally forces her to remain with him and so defeats his tormenting anxiety.

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Le récit fantastique de Maupassant en tant que “Opera Aperta”

Author(s): Răzvan Ventura / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2017

The structure of Maupassant's narratives is based upon a common theme - fear - and on a concentration around the final effect. The writer favors an open closing, the reader being invited to return to the first reading. The contrast between the open endings, predisposed to the pursuit of the narrative core, and the events referring to the closing state, experienced by the characters and the narrator himself is not accidental. The closure and the opening act within the composition of the narrative, but also within the imaginary fantasy of the writer. Maupassant avoids the explanation of the events that occur and his characters are confronted with places of closure, by which the existence is confirmed as an enigma. The reality that surrounds them thus favors a sexualized reading, where the ending neighbors with the opening and the mysterious presence, Maupassant's characters discovering several closures which posed themselves as challenges or which, on the contrary, represent possibilities of greeting in relation to a threatening exterior.

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Arti i arratisjes

Author(s): Orjela Stafasani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 9/2016

The novel “In the cafe of lost youth”is written in 2007 by French Nobelist Patrick Modiano, whereas in Albanian language is translated and published in 2010. Inluenced by artistical and political movement of situationism, Modiano through this novel presents the cultural life of Paris in sixties. The unusual narration,conducted by four narrators presents the story of Jacqueline who escapes from her past and at the same time underlines the story of all people who hide from the past and find the meaning of life in the neutral areas of the city. A novel that breaks the traditionality regarding narration and form, that clutches (or grasps) situationism movement, philosophy of eternal return and that is builded as an intertext with the texts of Debord, Dante, Yeats, Nietzsche,Lorca, Esbroeck etc.

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KNJIŽEVNI PREGLED. Lafontaine. 300 godina od rodjenja.

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KNJIŽEVNI PREGLED. Lafontaine. 300 godina od rodjenja.

Author(s): Isidora Sekulić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/1921

Četiri sata smo pešačili po golom kamenu. Nijedne mušice, nijedne travčice, nijednog klokota vode. Turisti prolaze kao da beže,.. Tako rado pričamo i pevamo svoje samoće i tišine. A nismo m i sami. Sam je brod, negde na nezabeleženom putu okeana. Sam je krš, mrtvi i besmrtni kamen,

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L’INTELLIGENCE DU SENTIMENT SELON ROUSSEAU

Author(s): Rodolphe Olcèse / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2023

The intelligence of Sentiment According to Rousseau. This article aims to consider the reflections that Jean-Jacques Rousseau develops on the feeling of self-affection in the Discours sur l’origine de l’inégalité and in Émile. This type of self-affection does not lead everyone to consider themselves as the sole object of their attention. On the contrary, it invites us to apprehend a kind of sensitivity that necessarily overflows into their environment. By insisting on how this feeling articulates us immediately and intimately with nature, the thought of Rousseau makes it possible to formulate the hypothesis of an expansion of feeling, which is likely to encounter contemporary climatic questions. It also leads us to develop a reflection on the necessity and the means of transforming our presence into a damaged nature.

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THE SENTIMENTAL TRAVERSE OF CLAUDE-HENRI WATELET’S EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PICTURESQUE GARDEN ISLE, THE MOULIN JOLY

Author(s): Rebecca J. Squires / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The Sentimental Traverse of Claude-Henri Watelet’s Eighteenth-Century Picturesque Garden Isle, the Moulin Joly. Claude-Henri Watelet’s 1774 Essai sur les jardins (Essay on Gardens) was the first French garden treatise to enter the picturesque garden debate, set into motion in England with the 1748 publication of William Gilpin’s A Dialogue Upon the Gardens […] at Stow, a dialogic garden tour which delineated the aesthetic principles of the picturesque, advancing a formalist approach to the visual apprehension of the landscape. Watelet’s Essay on Gardens, however, exemplified the affective development of the garden treatise in the second half of the eighteenth century, which featured a textual, oftentimes sentimental traverse of the picturesque landscape, evoking a sensation-imbued garden walk, or in this case, ferry crossing. Watelet’s Essay describes the new domain of landscape architecture as inhabited by artists, poets, and designers, or décorateurs, who conceived gardens as pictures, and the garden walk as a series of volatile, shifting tableaux. The picturesque garden ramble, vivified in Watelet’s ekphrastic prose, could thereafter be traversed and re-traversed by the reader regardless of their location in space-time. In Essai sur les jardins, Watelet crosses the Seine by boat, en route to Paris, when he serendipitously discovers his future garden isle, the Moulin Joly. Watelet’s gaze errs along the otherworldly pastorale, seizing upon what would become his future ferme ornée, or embellished farm, catching sight of its flowing waters and verdant groves, fortuitously up for sale. This fleeting glimpse, or coup d’œil, in which the fugitive tableau is instantaneously imprinted onto the retina, enabled the garden visitor an immediate entrée into the terrain of the subconscious, embarking upon an ever-changing traverse of the emotions suggested by the imagery, symbolism, and vocabulary of the landscape garden.

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G. PEREC: ESPÈCES D’ESPACES – UNE POÉTIQUE DE LA VILLE

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G. PEREC: ESPÈCES D’ESPACES – UNE POÉTIQUE DE LA VILLE

Author(s): Simona Laura Şuta / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

The street is the place that bridges the closed space to the open space, for the street is that territory which belongs to no one but belongs to everyone. G. Perec attempts to demonstrate to us that the city is constantly composed and recomposed, with every step of its inhabitants. The streets of Paris, all these visible spaces, tend to become stable under the systematic and poetic questioning of the writer, hinting at a broader inquiry about humanity.

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Angélique Rougon: une déclinaison romanesque de l’enfant sauvage. Pour une lecture anthropologique du Rêve d’Émile Zola

Author(s): Fanny Drouot / Language(s): French Issue: 55/2023

Angélique Rougon is the main character from Le Rêve, a novel from Emile Zola’s Rougon–Macquart cycle, atypical because the author originally conceived of it in a way radically different from the rest of his work. He promises his heroine a happy destiny by moving her from her abandoned childhood identity to a triumphant marital status. But the tale fails at the same time as the project for a successful socialization, and the novel becomes an expression of two tensions: a literary tension on one side, because of the gap between the first plan and the completed text; and an anthropological tension on the other because it questions the possibility of a happy evolution from a symbolical savage state to an environment defined by its ancestral culture.

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Narrative Agency in Maurice Blanchot’s Récits? A Case Study on Death Sentence and Awaiting Oblivion (II)

Author(s): Arleen Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (38)/2023

This article investigates a type of narrative that is unacknowledged by classical narratology and hardly included in postclassical narratology studies: that of lyrical and philosophical prose, often containing elements belonging to the dramatic genre. Starting from Brian McHale’s urge to address Monika Fludernik’s exclusion of poeticity from narratology and Jan Alber’s inclusion of any poem in narrativity, I use different definitions and clarifications from classical and postclassical narratology (Vladimir Propp, Greimas, Roland Barthes, Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan, Sarah Drews Lucas, Gerald Prince, James Phelan, Peter Hühn, Jens Kiefer, Hanna Meretoja, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, John Shoptaw, Samuel Caleb Wee, Roy Sommer, Manfred Jahn, Roland Weidle), also bringing elements on agency from drama (via Martin Esslin’s notion of the “Theater of the Absurd”) in order to find the best tools to explain how Blanchot’s Death Sentence and Awaiting Oblivion elude narrative agency.On the one hand, these récits challenge the usual borders between literature and philosophy and, on the other hand, they refuse taxonomic boundaries such as what we understand by literary genres. Thus, my article focuses on the lack of narrative agency in these texts, a notion that is paradoxically connected to the affirmation of passion and passivity, which characterizes the experience of literature and death alike, often in the form of the neuter. I relate Blanchot’s neuter to Emmanuel Levinas’s il y a and I discuss the formula “X without X” as not purely privative but as a pre-critical notion which Blanchot used in order to emphasize the divide passion/passivity/action/activity. While in my discussion of Death Sentence, I define the unnarratable and the difference between the two stories that make it up, completing each other and taking the reader from the realm of life to the realm of death and back to life, in the section on Awaiting Oblivion, I deal with the philosophical language and dramatic devices of the text. With a preamble on its themes: waiting, forgetting, and speaking continuously (or “blathering”, to use Samuel Beckett’s term), I finally put Awaiting Oblivion in relation to Beckett’s Waiting for Godot.

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Élet a regényben, regény az életben

Author(s): Kinga Sebestyén / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2024

Magyar Miklós: Marcel Proust nyomában. Napkút Kiadó, Bp., 2023.

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Le livre de cuisine franco-allemand de Johann Rottenhöfer (1858 et 1867) et sa copie hongroise (1881 et 1883)

Author(s): Iwona Piechnik / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this article is to present Johann Rottenhöfer’s French-German cookbook, his French inspirations and his ideas of political gastronomy from the court of King Maximilian II of Bavaria. Next, a cookbook in Hungarian from 1881 is presented : it is almost identical to Rottenhöfer’s, but published under the name of József C. Dobos, then republished in 1883 under the name of Károly Duby.

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De l’homicide à la condamnation : l’expérience expiatoire d’une altérité radicale chez Albert Camus et Ousmane Sembene

Author(s): Aetius Bassintsa-Bouesso / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

This study utilizes Albert Camus's L'Étranger and Ousmane Sembene's Le docker noir to explore the perception of the Other when they are ethnically or morally distinct from the majority. Employing a comparative method, this analysis deliberately avoids suggesting a panacea for overcoming the aversion the Other might elicit. The central thesis posits that these novels confront and critique extreme essentialist views. Through the depiction of characters marginalized by judicial processes, Camus and Sembene provoke reflection on the psycho-sociological dynamics driving ostracization, drawing on concepts from the Christian notion of atonement to enrich their examination.

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„Długośmy czekali na ciebie, panie”. Motyw wyczekiwanego rycerza w starofrancuskich powieściach Okrągłego Stołu

Author(s): Katarzyna Dybeł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (68)/2023

This paper aims to analyse and interpret the motif of the long-awaited knight (le chevalier desirré) in two Old French romances of the Round Table: Lancelot by Chretien de Troyes (ca. 1177–1181) and The Quest of the Holy Grail, written in prose by an anonymous author in the first half of the 13th century. Essentially different in their purport and in the portrayal of the Arthurian society, these works display an interesting array of the variants of the motif under scrutiny. In Chretien’s romance the motif of the long-awaited knight gives rise primarily to the effect of surprise and astonishment, additionally enhancing the protagonist’s uniqueness. It does not, however, create any spiritual or metaphysical space for the events. On the contrary, it serves the purpose of presenting the relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere as idolatry, where the sacred is subordinate to the profane. In The Quest of the Holy Grail, on the other hand, the motif is fundamentally important for the doctrinal dimension of the text, by illustrating the dialogical interaction of literature with spirituality, and revealing the peculiar theology of depth inscribed in the narrative or in the utterances produced by the protagonists. The universe of the novel thereby opens to the deeper layers of correspondences and meanings, so that the novel can be considered a kind of locus theologicus: the locus where literature encounters the theological thought of the epoch. In both novels, the motif in question is one of the most crucial factors systematizing the diegetic world, impacting on the dynamics of the narrative and the meaning conveyed by the novels. It also appears to be reminiscent of another popular medieval motif of Restitutor Orbis, i.e. a figure of the Messianic character, reshaping the world that requires to be reshaped, or, as was the case of Galahad in The Quest of the Holy Grail, introducing a new order to the Arthurian world, represented by the idea of the new chivalry of the Kingdom of Heaven: chevalerie céleste.

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Czekając na „własny pokój”. Skarga Krystyny de Pizan w Wizji Krystyny jako głos w historii kobiet

Author(s): Joanna Augustyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (68)/2023

L’Avision de Christine, a 15-century text by the medieval 15th-century writer Christine de Pizan, communicates a didactic and political message. One of its parts, which serves the purpose of building the position and authority of the writer, is Christine’s personal complaint, presented from the perspective of a widow and writer struggling with everyday adversities and limitations of being a woman. A departure point for this article is Virginia Woolf ’s famous essay A Room of One’s Own, in which conditions indispensable for a successful writer are described: the titular room with a lock, income, access to privileges normally enjoyed by men, such as being able to travel, to make observations, to live a vagabond life, and to have independent social life. 524 years prior to the publication of Woolf ’s essay, Christine de Pizan makes a similar point. For years she had been struggling for financial stability, having to support her mother, children and niece. She provides a detailed account of her ordeal with courts in law, but also emphasizes that her role of a daughter, wife and mother has impeded her ambition to be a writer: first, full education was not accessible to her, then raising her children and household duties became her primary commitment, and finally providing for her family takes all her energy. Her path to her own room is not only full of obstacles, but it also requires a lot of determination. When she finally locks herself in her study, Christine can do what she has longed for so long: reading and writing. The construal of her persona in the text of the speculum principis genre legitimizes her presence in the public discourse. Her complaint manifests not only unprecedented sincerity of a woman, but also surprizingly mature reflection of a writer, affirming her otherness and desire to produce novel ideas and words. In this way, Chistine de Pizan fits in a gap in the history of woman writers created by Virginia Woolf.

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Dyscyplina czasowa dworu Henryka Nawarskiego w wizji Philippe’a Duplessis-Mornaya

Author(s): Dariusz Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (68)/2023

In his Advis donné au Roy de Navarre sur le reglement de sa façon de vivre (1583), Philippe Duplessis-Mornay encouraged his king, Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France), to abandon his old way of life and to commit himself to a new routine that would involve a rigorous organization of his day. The well-organized royal day would provide the most reliable proof that he would be a credible leader of the European Protestants and potentially also the heir to the throne of France. This Advis is rooted in the tradition of the “mirrors of the princes”, but it also seems to be inspired by the new reflection on the relations between the king and his court that was taking place at the time. Analyzed with this new perspective, Duplessis-Mornay’s text aims to prepare his king to take the reins of the court and to imitate in this the monarchies that had developed a complicated courtly protocol and étiquette. Although Duplessis-Mornay’s attempt turned out to be ineffective because Henri did not change his way of life, Advis indicates that these new models of courtly life were highly valued.

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Czas, czekanie, cierpliwość. Refleksje o niekochanych mężach w powieściach pani de Lafayette i Catherine Bernard

Author(s): Monika Kulesza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (68)/2023

The goal of the article is to apply the concepts of time, patient waiting, and actions of unloved husbands to the characterization of the main protagonists of the novels The Princess of Cleves by Madame de Lafayette (1678) and The Count of Amboise by Catherine Bernard (1689). The questions addressed in the analysis are: How do the passage of time and patience affect the behaviour of unloved husbands? How does patience evolve when confronted with jealousy? What view of human nature follows from the observation of the unloved husbands? The questions are approached on the basis of an analysis of the plot and critical studies of the two novels and their cultural context. It should be noted that Madame de Lafayette’s novel has been extensively studied, but Bernard’s work is relatively little known.Following the introduction, the first part of the article is devoted to Monsieur de Cleves, more specifically to the time when he is waiting for his wife’s love before the princess confesses that she has already conferred her feelings upon somebody else, the time of suffering, jealousy, the time of losing patience and finally the time of death. It is argued that Monsieur de Cleves passes the trial of patience, despite his despair driving him to cruelty and mischief. The second part of the article deals with Count of Amboise, and puts forth the thesis that he is only pretending to wait patiently for his wife-to-be to return his love. It is demonstrated that this protagonist is selfish and his motives are low, even when he sacrifices himself for Madmoiselle de Roye. He is lacking in patience and his behaviour is far from dignified.In conclusion, the author of the article points out that although the unloved husband is a tragic figure in both novels, Monsieur de Cleves bears his suffering with dignity, showing patience and avoiding moral degradation, whereas Bernard’s protagonist epitomizes a destructive impact of emotional suffering, which reveals the dark and selfish side of human nature.

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La mère – source de la vie. Un destin de femme dans l’imaginaire aquatique fin de siècle

Author(s): Eliza Sasin / Language(s): French Issue: 38/2024

The current article aims to present the woman’s destiny, which was expressed by the poets of French symbolism in the symbols that create the aquatic universe of 19th century, consisting of both female mythological characters and water itself as an element, which has been endowed with characteristics appropriate for mothers. The historical-literary and comparative method permit to present the figure of the mother as a woman’s destiny glorified in the epoch. Its main elements that emerge from the poems are fertility, providing nutrition, peace and safety. In addition, it can be concluded that the poetic image corresponds to the social vision, responding to the needs of the contemporary society.

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INTERPRÉTATIONS DE LA PRÉSENCE DU FANTOME DU PÈRE DANS LE ROMAN ULYSSE FROM BAGDAD D’ÉRIC-EMMANUEL SCHMITT

Author(s): Andreea-Gabriela Stanciu / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2024

Interpretations of the Presence of the Father’s Ghost in the Novel Ulysse from Bagdad by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. By analyzing the shock caused by the death of a loved one, psychologists and psychiatrists have noticed the tendency among those who suffer to refuse to accept the loss, which often leads to the emergence of visions embodying the recently deceased person. Thus, grieving individuals continue to maintain contact with their departed loved ones through these supernatural images that represent them, which they not only see but also hear and actively interact with. This phenomenon of the reappearance of the dead in the form of ghosts is also represented in literature, being one of the key elements of the novel Ulysse from Bagdad by the Franco-Belgian author Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. In this novel, young Iraqi Saad loses his father, who is shot by Americans in Iraq, but he does not sever the connection with him; instead, he continues to converse with his ghost. The father’s ghost becomes his travel companion, offering him advice and even serving as an alter ego for both Saad and the reader.

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Olvasóleckék haladóknak

Author(s): Katalin Bódi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2024

Egyed Emese: Francia iskola. Erdélyi Tudományos Füzetek 300. Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület, Kvár, 2023.

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