Създаване на софтуер за обучение по специализиран превод

Author(s): Reneta Kileva-Stamenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper describes the structure and functionalities of the Multilingual terminology database of the Faculty of Classical and Modern Philologies (FCMP) at St. Kliment Ohridski Sofia University which was developed as a result of two applied science projects. Also presented are the ways the didactic potential of this modern technology tool can be used for developing market-relevant competencies for professional translators in specialized translation courses offered at FCMP, in particular as a part of the BA/MA program in German studies.

XVI международен конгрес на славистите: между традициите, иновациите и предизвикателствата към бъдещето

Author(s): Tsenka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The International Slavic Scholars Committee held its regular world congress in Belgrade from 20th August to 27th August 2018, attracting nearly 1000 participants from 43 countries. The large-scale, well-organized congress provided a forum for 115 sessions with papers, 32 thematic blocs, 9 Round Table Discussions, 3 special topics, 5 plenary papers, over 20 additional events: a slavicist literature exhibition between the two congresses, celebrations of anniversaries related to Slavic cultures, birth anniversaries of distinguished Slavic scholars etc. The overview provides detailed information about the event, emphasizing the participation of lecturers from the University of Veliko Tarnovo. Its conclusion offers a critical commentary on Bulgarian national policies with regard to Slavic scholarship.

(Боряна Братанова. Английските фразеологични глаголи и българските префигирани глаголи – граматикализация и аспектуалност)

Author(s): Krasimir Kabakchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Формант *-ъtь и склонение слов типа *nogъtь, *olkъtь, *degъtь, *desętь и *dьnь в праславянском

Author(s): Mihail Nikolaevich Saenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article analyses the formation of the characteristic Proto-Slavic nominal declension paradigm, which originally included the words *nogъtь ‘nail’, *olkъtь ‘elbow’, *degъtь ‘tar’, *desętь ‘ten’ and *dьnь ‘day’, later enriching itself mostly with derivatives with the formant *-ъtь. The author looks at the history of the formant as well as its combinatory power, depending on the final consonant of the stem, which in its turn can help determine articulatory characteristics of the late Proto-Slavic language *l. Apart from that, derivates with the formant *-ъtь are subdivided according to corresponding chronological layers and a number of details related to their history are analysed.

Lexikologické výskumy v časopise Slovenská reč

Author(s): Oľga Orgoňová,Alena Bohunická / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

Lexicology as the study of the lexical vocabulary of the Slovak language was not at the forefront of the journal’s interest in the first two decades of its existence. The primary focus was put rather on the aspects of orthography and practical morphology, i.e. inflection. The theoretical basis of this subject only became a focus of interest after WWII. The peak of the theoretical definition of lexical semantics, which is the focus of this study, is associated with the name of J. Dolník. He eventually synthesized his partial studies published in journals in the monograph "Lexikológia" (1st edition 2003, 2nd edition 2007). The study also pays attention to the theoretical background, debates, and practical applications related to the approaches to lexical classification.

Etymologické výskumy v časopise Slovenská reč

Author(s): Martin Diweg-Pukanec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

The aim of this paper is to present the articles that were published during the years 1932-2022 in the Slovenská reč journal and dealt with etymological research. Etymological research in the entire period of the journal’s existence cannot be reduced to a single line of development from a theoretical point of view, which is visible, among others, in the list of the most prominent etymologists of the Slovak language of the period who carried out a publishing activity in this linguistic field on the pages of Slovenská reč: V. Šmilauer, J. Stanislav, F. Kopečný, V. Polák, Š. Ondruš, and Ľ. Králik. For example, the youngest of the mentioned linguists, Ľ. Králik, belongs more to the conservative wing of etymological research, while, for example, Š. Ondruš, who can be regarded together with Ľ. Králik as the most prolific etymologist in the journal, rather to the modernist wing. This is true if we consider the main criterion of modernity to be a positive or negative attitude towards the possibilities of the laryngeal theory, as was thought in Slovak linguistics about half a century ago. However, if we were to take the modernity of the continuity of the research by the accentologist C. Stang (Slavonic accentuation, 1957) as a criterion, as it is supposed nowadays, we would have to admit that the etymology of the Slovak language in the journal is conceptually more in line with the most important etymological dictionary of Slavic languages, Etimologicheskii slovar slavianskikh yazykov, which did not reflect the work of C. Stang, nor did it follow the research of the Moscow accentological school (V.M. Illich-Svitych, V.A. Dybo, and others). Since the etymological research on the pages of Slovenská reč does not fully follow C. Stang’s accentological work or the works of the Leiden accentological school of F. Kortlandt, which consider Stang’s accentology as their starting point, it may nevertheless look like a certain deficit in the perspective of the large production of new etymological dictionaries of the Leiden school. The example of Š. Ondruš, today’s undecided discussions among accentologists, but especially the modest contribution of accentology to etymology (e.g. in many respects the excellent Slavic etymological dictionary by R. Derksen, a member of the Leiden school, contains new orthography rather than innovative interpretations) show that modern Balto-Slavic accentology is rather a dead end for the etymology of the Slovak language. Therefore, the articles in the field of etymological research published during nine decades in Slovenská reč certainly cannot be regarded as outdated, quite the contrary. Throughout the entire period they have brought ideas reflecting the state of knowledge at the time, but often also very progressive ideas. These ideas, however, seem to have been exhausted at some point and a moderate, more conservative line of etymological research was established, reflecting both the Czech-Slovak as well as Slovak traditions in Indo-European and Slavic studies.

Prescriptum. Polonistyka nie tylko po polsku

Author(s): Jolanta Tambor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The Prescriptum entitled Polonistyka nie tyko po polsku [Polish Studies not only in Polish] explains the origin of the multilingual issue of “Postscriptum Polonistyczne” that crowns the 30th anniversary of the periodical as an international publication. It was thirty years ago, in fact, that the journal, back then still a newsletter of the School of Polish Language and Culture at the University of Silesia, featured the first article by a foreign Polish studies scholar, Halina Klimsza from the Czech Republic. This text provides a very brief historical account of how the periodical became internationalised, describing the stages of its development that led to the transformation from a newsletter to a “journal of Polish and foreign Polish studies scholars”, and reporting on the editors’ most recent decisions to accept papers for publication also in the English language. The Prescriptum explains the motivation for creating this issue as a collection of Polish studies texts in the native/first languages of the foreign Polish studies scholars who wrote them. We wanted and still want to make sure that knowledge about interesting phenomena and research from Poland and in the field of Polish studies can reach all those who are curious about the world and who would otherwise not be able to obtain such information in their respective countries due to the language barrier. Moreover, we keep in mind young members of the Polish diaspora, who do not always understand the language of their ancestors.

Apprendre le polonais. Remarques théoriques et pratiques à l’attention des étudiants et des enseignants

Author(s): Hélène Włodarczyk / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

The author proposes that teachers of Polish as a foreign language should keep track of the development of contemporary general linguistics. However, in the process they need to focus on the specific problems of Polish while initiating students only into the necessary general linguistic knowledge, using it first and foremost to draw the students’ attention to their own native language, in order to be able to compare it with the second language. An important premise of the proposed method is that when teaching any foreign language we should constantly revisit traditional grammatical theory and terminology. In this way, conflicts resulting from differences between knowledge of one’s national language and a foreign language may be avoided. A specialist in a foreign language should be able to describe it in such a way that people who do not yet know either this language or its respective grammatical terminology are able to build in their minds some representation of it comparable to other languages they already know. Unfortunately, in contemporary general linguistics we do not usually have at our disposal concepts and theories for adequate description of a great variety of languages (except in fields such as phonology and morphology). Therefore, the final and decisive element of successful learning of a foreign language remains the passion and commitment of the learners themselves.

Što je zajedničko hrvatskom cvrčku i poljskom hruštu? Odabrane razlike u glasovima i grafiji između hrvatskog i poljskog

Author(s): Miroslav Hrdlička / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2022

Croatian and Polish, being genealogically related languages, share a lot of features, yet there are certain differences in the sound systems and alphabets of the two languages. Both languages use the Latin alphabet and share most of the letters but some graphemes and sounds differ. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to provide an overview of the main differences between Croatian and Polish sound and graphemic systems as illustrated by two selected poems (respectively, Cvrčak [Cricket] by Vladimir Nazor and Chrząszcz [Beetle] by Jan Brzechwa). Some of the differences may be explained from a historical perspective. Thus, it is demonstrated how in the two languages in question, which both come from Proto-Slavic, some sounds developed in discrepant ways. What is more, the modern Croatian and Polish are also dissimilar when it comes to accent, which is briefly discussed in the text.

Kalbų vartojimas ir kalbinės nuostatos: mokyklų lenkų mokomąja kalba atvejis

Author(s): Nida Poderienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 95/2022

The article presents the results of a questionnaire-based study of the most commonly used home language, the choice of language in relation to other languages in different communicative situations and linguistic attitudes towards Polish, Lithuanian and English languages based on the survey analyzing responses of student groups of grades 3–8 in two schools with the Polish language of instruction. Research data in relation to the age groups was analyzed regarding aspects such as the dominant language in communication with family and friends, the choice of language preference over other languages, i.e. in which language students choose to watch movies, search for information on the Internet, read books, write SMS and communicate on social networks. Students’ language attitudes were studied in terms of language learning motivation, social value and personal relationship with the language. In some aspects, the research results were compared with the data of the study of students’ linguistic attitudes and language dominance in everyday use conducted a few years ago in schools with the Lithuanian language of instruction focused on the same age groups. Research data on language dominance show that the majority of students communicate in Polish at home, although for some of them Polish is not the only language used in the family. Out of all the students who participated in the study, 42% indicated that they speak Polish at home, more than a third of students specified that they usually communicate in several languages in the family, out of which the largest part (25%) speak in Polish and Russian and 26% of students indicated that they communicate in Russian at home. Less than a tenth of students, in addition to Polish and Russian, noted that they often use Lithuanian in their home environment. Research data on the choice of language in relation to other languages in different communicative situations revealed that two languages – Polish and Russian – predominate, and Russian is especially strongly used when searching for information on the Internet and watching movies. Reading is the type of activity where Polish and Lithuanian languages prevail. The results of the research demonstrate the high status of the Lithuanian language’s social value, as students believe that it is important to know the Lithuanian language in order to achieve both social and professional life objectives. The results of the study show a statistically significant positive correlation between motivation to learn the Lithuanian language and liking Lithuanian lessons (Pearson coefficient 0,729). English is considered a prestigious language and the results show the highest motivation to learn it, in comparison to Polish and Lithuanian languages. The results of the study revealed that students feel a strong connection with the Polish language of instruction as part of their identity. A third of the students consider Lithuanian their own language and approximately the same number do not have an opinion or disagree. The conducted exploratory research covers several municipal schools and, therefore, does not make general conclusions about the linguistic preferences and language dominance of students in the majority of schools with the Polish language of instruction. The study shows trends regarding language choice, valuation of Polish, Lithuanian and English languages and learning motivation.

Radość z bilingwizmu, czyli zapożyczenia angielskie w twórczości Piotra Szmidta

Author(s): Włodzimierz Moch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 95/2022

The work of Piotr Szmidt, not only as a rapper, but also as the author of a contemporary novel (Two dogs survived), is proof of the intensity of the penetration of English borrowings into the Polish language in recent years. The fact that we are dealing, to a large extent, with new vocabulary results from the processes taking place within contemporary culture, not only popular culture (e.g. specialist vocabulary). These phenomena cause the emergence of new lexical forms, both original and resulting from neo-semantization or calqueing. The lexical material includes: neologisms (prank ‘trick’; slow motion ‘tasting, not immediate consumption’; brifowanie ‘summarize’), neo-semantisms (fejmy ‘famous people’, zombie ‘a drugged-up man’), calques (gównoburza < shitstorm), replacements of Polish words and phrases (bez pomysłu na futurę ‘no idea for the future’; ta damulka jest camera shy ‘this lady is camera shy – feature or behavior of a person who doesn’t like to be photographed’), complementing phrases in Polish (ta jego no problem mentality ‘bezproblemowa mentalność’ nie pozwoliłaby mi… ‘his no problem mentality wouldn’t let me ...’), phraseological elements of phrases ((Back in the days ‘kiedyś, dawno temu’ podstawową walutą był szacunek ‘back in the days, the basic currency was respect’). In Mes we are dealing not only with older and newer English vocabulary, adapted rather smoothly to Polish, but, what is equally interesting, with new phenomena in terms of syntax. For example, the fashion of starting sentences in Polish and ending them in English or vice versa (I’m sorry my book ‘przepraszam moja książko, pamiętniku’, jutro do ciebie zajrzę ‘I’m sorry my book, I’ll look at you tomorrow’) requires careful study. English borrowings, similarly to other languages, although to a much lesser extent, serve to renew the resources of the Polish language, to ennoble both their users and the spheres of life they concern, as well as broadly understood pop culture, which has a profound impact on the daily lives of young people. Their use is motivated by snobbery, but above all by the joy of being a bilingual person, of code-switching, so visible in Mesa. Noteworthy are his metalinguistic remarks on borrowings into Polish, a voice that initiates an interesting discussion, which I hope will develop.

K pravopisu štylisticky príznakových etnických a obyvateľských mien

Author(s): Ingrid Hrubaničová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

In this article we address the issue of ethnonyms and habitational names (EOMs), especially the cases of unclear boundaries between the proper noun and the appellative in the stylistically symptomatic EOMs, and orthographic divergence in writing capital letters in this group of names. On the basis of both domestic and foreign theoretical works and corpus material (semantic analysis of the phrase GALSKÝ KOHÚT / GALSKÍ KOHÚTI) we present the basic theoretical and methodological basis for the continuation of the study, which will be devoted to the word-formation patterns of EOMs, their stylistic symptomatology and pragmalinguistic value, and the resulting issue of capitalizing letters.

Международная научная конференция «Пограничья Славии на переломе XX–XXI вв. Язык – общество – культура – идентичность» (Вильнюс, 8–10 сентября 2022 г.)

Author(s): Elena Konickaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

On September 8–10, 2022, the VI International Scientific Conference of the Commission on Sociolinguistics, accredited to the International Committee of Slavists, from the series “Slavic languages in a Sociolinguistic Aspect” was held at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University. The conference was organized by the Centre of Polish Studies of the Faculty of Philology of VU. 71 reports discussed the most pressing problems of sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, widely and diversely reflecting the wide range of questions of the conference. Information about the conference, theses of the participants' presentations are available on the website http://www.sociolingvistika2022.flf.vu.lt/

Kalki semantyczne, strukturalne i kolokacyjne z języka rosyjskiego w gwarach polskich na terenie Rosji

Author(s): Sergiej Skorwid / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The paper presents a study of immigrant Polish dialects in Russia that have been strongly influenced by the dominant language spoken in the area. The author discusses issues related to identifying Russian semantic and structural calques in the examined dialects, in particular differentiating between calques and adapted borrowings. The difficulties result from the close affinity of the Russian language and the influenced dialects, which have a common Slavic root. The article suggests a solution to this problem, namely observing various aspects of calque formation, taking into consideration the fact that the border between the analysed phenomena is blurred and the calques are often firmly bound with certain collocations. To this end, the author introduces the notion of “collocation calques” in order to describe these units adequately.

Wykładniki ekwiwalencji w wybranych inwentarzach z XVIII wieku

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article presents the exponents of equivalence by means of which equivalence is determined in atext. The intrasystem relation (within asingle language), disregarding equivalence in translation, has been considered. Equivalence is asemantic relationship that connects at least two elements (equivalents). The equivalents are corresponding in atext i.e. they have acommon reference (e.g. Yankees = Americans), and may assume the form of single words or longer phrases (e.g. Japan = The Land of Cherry Blossoms). Dialectologists can find equivalence useful as it can be applied in atext to juxtapose literary and dialectal units. Syntactic, punctuation and lexical means have been distinguished.

Emocjonalne przymiotniki w języku polskim i rosyjskim. Paralele i kontrasty

Author(s): Joanna Orzechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

A new type of dictionary – a psychological linguistic dictionary was compiled as a result of analyzing 15918 Russian adjectives from the perspective of their relationship with emotions originating in reference to various senses. The dictionary contains information on “the emotional load” of these adjectives, that is how pleasant or how unpleasant emotions a given adjective evokes. The analyzed lexemes were assessed by respondents on the scale of emotions: slightly (un)pleasant – moderately (un)pleasant – very (un)pleasant, which was marked with an appropriate number of pluses or minuses. Although it is believed that representatives of different cultures experience universal emotions, their quality and intensity hidden behind particular linguistic units can diverge for different cultural linguistic communities. Emotions are conditioned socially, culturally and historically; they play an important role in international communication. Thus, when they are incompetently and mistakenly interpreted, this can disturb dialogue between various cultures and even lead to conflicts. In the article, considering equivalents mięsny/мясной and other counterparts, it can be said that not all the examples have a parallel emotional value. Despite the genealogical relationship between the languages and cultures in question, emotive contrasts are not rare. This leads to considering a significant issue of emotive adequacy of dictionary equivalents, which has to be addressed by translators and language teachers.

Postavení ambipozic v češtině

Author(s): Jakub Sláma,Barbora Štěpánková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The study proposes that some words in Czech, including ‘navzdory’ ‘despite’ and ‘počínaje’ ‘starting from,’ should be treated as ambipositions, i.e., adpositions that may either precede or follow their complement. This avoids the awkwardness of the traditional view on which the former, for instance, is a preposition when preceding a complement and a homonymous adverb when following one. Based on 3,234 corpus instances of ‘navzdory’ ‘despite,’ ‘nevyjímaje’ ‘including,’ ‘nemluvě o’ ‘not to mention,’ ‘počínaje’ ‘starting with,’ ‘konče’ ‘ending with,’ and ‘počínaje – konče’ ‘from – to,’ the study examines the factors determining whether ambipositions in Czech precede or follow their complements. Special attention is paid to the length and the syntactic complexity of the complement, but also to the text type and the position of the adpositional phrase in the clause. The study uses the random forests algorithm to gauge the relative importance of the variables for each of the ambipositions examined. The length of the complement is systematically the best predictor of the position of ambipositions: the longer the complement, the more likely the ambiposition is to precede it. This is argued to follow primarily from the limits of the human working memory.

Noty o ksiazkach

Author(s): Anna Kaczan,Katarzyna Prorok,Marta Nowosad-Bakalarczyk,Petar Sotirov,Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska,Sebastian Wasiuta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2022

Review of: Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych, koncepcja i redakcja całosci Jerzy Bartminski, zastepca redaktora Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartminska, t. 2 Rosliny, z. 6 Drzewa lisciaste, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2021, 430 s. Halina Pelcowa, Słownik gwar Lubelszczyzny. Tom X. Obrzedowosc i obyczajowosc ludowa, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2022, 625 s. Marijana Vitanova, Vanja Miceva, Joanna Kirilova, Kalina Miceva-Pejceva, Nadežda Nikolova, Etnolingvisticen recnik na b"lgarskata narodna medicina, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, 2021, 367 s. Władysława Bryła, Agnieszka Bryła-Cruz, Retoryka „okołokornawirusowa”. Szkice jezykowo-kulturowe, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2021, 168 s. Ewa Głazewska, Małgorzata Karwatowska, Maska „w czasach zarazy”. Covoidowe wizerunki masek. Typologie i funkcje, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2021, 206 s. Renata Grzegorczykowa, Jezyk w słuzbie mysli. Szkice z dziejów polskiego słownictwa, red. Marek Łazinski, Marta Chojnacka-Kuras, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa UW, 2021, 290 s. SebastianWasiuta, Przysłowie jako tekst minimalny, Lublin: Polihymnia, 2021, 200 s. Krystyna Waszakowa, Jezyk w działaniu i działania na jezyku. Szkice semantyczno-słowotwórcze, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa UW, 2021, 300 s. Dorota Zdunkiewicz-Jedynak, Dziecinstwo, młodosc, dorosłosc, starosc. Polskie koncepty kulturowe w swietle współczesnej polszczyzny, Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, 2021, 298 s.

Ketefete: úvahy o jednom hapax legomenon

Author(s): Ľubor Králik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The author discusses the word ketefete attested in a collection of historical legends from the Central Slovakian region of Turiec (hapax legomenon with unclear meaning used in a culinary context). The word seems to be of Hungarian origin, cf. Hungarian kötyfötöl "to mix, stir; to cook badly (without knowledge, in a hurry, while combining all kinds of ingredients, etc.)" (probably onomatopoeic). In the author’s opinion, it may be either a loanword from an unattested Hungarian *kötyföt (supposed nominal back-formation from kötyfötöl) or a back-formation from an assumed Slovak verb *keťfetelovať (< Hungarian kötyfötöl). In Slovak, the noun ketefete (with unclear morphological attributes: indeclinable neuter noun? plural form of a masculine *ketefeť?) was probably modified phonetically on the model of reduplicative words.

O terénnom názve Klanec

Author(s): Iveta Valentová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

Obec Mlynky (maď. Pilisszentkereszt) sa nachádza na severozápade Maďarska v oblasti Pilišských vrchov a označuje sa za najslovenskejšiu z obcí, resp. slovenských jazykových enkláv v Maďarsku (porov. Szabóová, 2008). Hoci Slováci, ktorí žili v severných horských oblastiach dnešného Maďarska, sa pokladajú za pôvodných, autochtónnych obyvateľov, súčasní Slováci sú skôr potomkovia tých, ktorí prišli do vyľudnených a spustošených oblastí až po porážke osmanských Turkov. Podľa A. Kováčovej a A. U hrinovej (2008, s. 235) prvé rodiny prišli r. 1747 zo susedného Santova, kam sa dostali pravdepodobne z územia západného Slovenska, najmä z okolia Trnavy a Trenčína. Prevažne západoslovenský charakter nárečia obce môže tento predpoklad len potvrdzovať.