Sarn ja sarnane

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 02/2015

The Estonian sarn ‘cheekbone’ belongs to the words with still no satisfactory etymology. The same applies to the word sarnane ‘similar; coll. such’. Although to-day the word sarn is considered a natural part of the North-Estonian based common and standard language, its historical area of distribution refers it to South Estonian. The word does not occur in other Finnic languages, nor in more distantly related languages. The article suggests a Slavic etymology. The assumed source word is the pre-pleophonic *skorńa, which has descendants in East, West and South Slavic languages, e.g. Russian скоронь f. ‘temple’, Church Slavonic скрания (-ья) ‘cheek; temple; forehead; jaw’, скрань ‘cheek; cheekbone; side of face; jaw’ etc. The word sarnane has been offered different etymologies. One of them suggests that it has the same root with sarn ‘cheekbone’. However, this etymology is called into question by the historical South Estonian distribution of sarn, whereas sarnane occurs all over Estonia. According to the other etymology sarnane has a Finnic-Permic of Finno-Ugric root, with such Finnic descendants as, e.g., Finnish saarna ‘sermon’, Karelian šoarna ‘fairy tale’ etc. The semantic relationship has been quite credibly substantiated by Julius Mägiste, arguing that sarnane has originally meant ‘in question, similar to the object of talk’.

Syntaktické konstrukce typu Včely se hemží na zahradě – Zahrada se hemží včelami

Author(s): Václava Kettnerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2012

In this paper, we focus on the relation between Czech syntactic constructions Bees are swarming in the garden – The garden is swarming with bees. We refer to this relation as a lexical-semantic conversion. This lexical-semantic conversion is associated with changes in the correspondence between two situational participants – Bearer of action and Location – and valency complementations. These changes result in a permutation of these participants which affects the prominent surface syntactic position of subject. We demonstrate that whereas the first syntactic variant refers to a simple action, the latter expresses rather a state arising from this simple action. In the latter case, the participant Location is usually holistically interpreted. We assume that the holistic effect of this participant follows from the fact that a state is generally attributed to each participant expressed in the subject position as a whole. Furthermore, syntactic variants with formal subject to and subjectless constructions (usually conceived as formal paraphrases of the pairs of the observed constructions) are discussed. Finally, a lexicographic representation of these syntactic structures is presented.

Klára Osolsobě: Morfologie českého slovesa a tvoření deverbativ jako problém strojové analýzy češtiny

Author(s): Karel Pala / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2012

Maciej Rak, Jan Karłowicz w świetle materiałów archiwalnych. Dialektologia, etnolingwistyka i lituanistyka

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Katarzyna Konczewska - Maciej Rak, Jan Karłowicz w świetle materiałów archiwalnych. Dialektologia, etnolingwistyka i lituanistyka, KSIĘGARNIA AKADEMICKA, KRAKÓW 2021, S. 266

III Tydzień Języka Ojczystego z okazji jubileuszu 65-lecia Oddziału Bydgoskiego TMJP, Bydgoszcz 28 marca – 1 kwietnia 2022 roku

Author(s): Żaneta Szlachcikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

W dniach 28 marca – 1 kwietnia 2022 roku Oddział Bydgoski Towarzystwa Miłośników Języka Polskiego, Stowarzyszenie Etyki Słowa oraz Wydział Językoznawstwa Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy zorganizowały III Tydzień Języka Ojczystego (dalej: III TJO). Wydarzenie odbyło się pod honorowym patronatem: Jego Magnificencji Rektora UKW Jacka Woźnego, dziekan Wydziału Językoznawstwa UKW Magdaleny Czachorowskiej oraz Zarządu Głównego Towarzystwa Miłośników Języka Polskiego w Krakowie. Po trzyletniej przerwie (2019) spowodowanej pandemią koronawirusa udało się po raz kolejny przygotować cykl niezwykle interesujących odczytów i warsztatów (pisarskich, ortograficznych, a także z zakresu: historii języka polskiego, emisji głosu oraz grzeczności językowej).

Nauczanie języka i kultury polskiej na Bałtyckim Uniwersytecie Federalnym im. Immanuela Kanta w warunkach zdalnych

Author(s): Małgorzata Grochowina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of the article is to discuss the issue of teaching the Polish language and Polish culture in remote conditions on the example of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University in Kaliningrad. The study presents the educational and cultural events promoting Polish language and culture in the academic year 2020/2021. They included the International Multimodal Dictation and the PaintTalks oratorical competition, which were organized as part of the Days of Polish Language and Culture. The article also presents the methods of implementing two subject courses intended for undergraduate students of foreign philology in the program Polish language and literature, which were entirely conducted in an online form: Introduction to Polish culture and Practical language Polish. Further, the paper shows the results of a quantitative study and of a questionnaire, which express the course participants’ opinions and reflections on the attractiveness and effectiveness of this form of learning a foreign language. The reason for taking up this topic is the need to respond to the current educational challenges related to online teaching and to present various projects aimed at promoting the Polish language and Polish culture abroad. The text is in line with contemporary research on the promotion of Polish as a foreign language and international glottodidactic studies of Polish.

Отглаголъние предлоги, виражающие отношение причини в широком смисле, в русско-чешском сопоставительном плане

Author(s): Ladislav Voboržil / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2007

On the base of semantics, the author devides the whole group of Russian secondary deverbative prepositions into two subgroups, the first of which expresses various subordinate adverbial relations, and the second - those of apposition. The attention is then focused on the former group of the semantic relations, on the adverbial causative relations in their broader sense. Especially, two of the relations are analyzed in detail - the adverbial causative relation in its narrow sense, represented by the preposition благодаря, and the adverbial concessive relation, expressed by the prepositions несмотря на, невзирая на. In the second half of the article, the way of translation of the above prepositions into Czech and Czech equivalents of the two prepositions, in general, are discussed. The loss of motivation of the original semantic relation in the process of translation is also taken into consideration.

Представяне на Чешка граматика на Маргарита Младенова

Author(s): Ekaterina Solntseva-Nakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2006

Българско-полски граматични студии. Том VII. Справочник по академичната Българско-полска съпоставителна граматика

Author(s): Leszek Bednarchuk / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2006

Review of: Българско-полски граматични студии. Том VII. Справочник по академичната Българско-полска съпоставителна граматика (Научни редактори В. Косеска-Тошева, Ю. Балтова). София, Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, 2004. 194 p.

Возможности семантической реализации одной трехкомпонентной структурной модели в сопоставительном русско-чешском плане

Author(s): Marta Vágnerová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2004

Иванка Гугуланова на шейсет години

Author(s): Iskra Likomanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2004

Владимир Матула – штуровец, славист и организатор международных конгрессов славистов

Author(s): Miroslav Daniš,Galina Viktorovna Rokina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

This article commemorates the death anniversary of the famous Slovak Slavist Vladimir Matula (1928–2011) and covers the main milestones in his life, research work, and activities as a founder of Slavistics in the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The scope of his studies was analyzed, and the results obtained reveal that he was mostly focused on the life and work of Ľudovít Štúr, the founding father of the Slovak nation, and on the Slovak–Russian relations in the spheres of science and culture during the 19th century. Based on the historiographic sources and ego-documents, the main stages in the formation of V. Matula’s worldview as a researcher and his contribution to the historical science in Slovakia were considered. Special attention was paid to V. Matula’s role in the organization of international scientific congresses and the institutionalization of inter-Slavic contacts. The conclusion was made that V. Matula’s research findings and his impact on the development and strengthening of the Slovak–Russian relations in science and culture have been poorly addressed in both Russian and Slovak historiography.

Recepcja twórczości Stanisława Lema w Chinach i (nie)przetłumaczalność Cyberiady na język chiński

Author(s): Rui Mao / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2022

Stanisław Lem is a leading author of the Polish science fiction, a philosopher futurologist. His works attract great interest both in Poland and worldwide. His books have been translated into 52 foreign languages, including Chinese. The aim of this article is to discuss the reception of Lem’s works among the Chinese readers and to describe the translation problems encountered in the Chinese translation. The object of the study are the selected neologisms and archaisation created by Lem in Cyberiad, and their counterparts, or lack thereof, in the Chinese language. The provided examples demonstrate the possible equivalents in genetically very distant languages and describe attempts to search for the principle of compromise, a golden mean, between the fidelity and creativity during the translation of Cyberiad into the Chinese.

Globalizacija i njeni refleksi na tvorbu riječi u slavenskim jezicima

Author(s): Amela Šehović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2021

Review of: Глабалізацыя і славянскае словаўтварэнне / Globalization and Slavic word formation, ur. Аляксандр Лукашанец, Нацыянальная акадэмія навук Беларусі – Інстытут мовазнаўства імя Якуба Коласа – Беларускі камітэт славістаў – Камісія па славянскім словаўтварэнні пры Міжнародным камітэце славістаў, Афармленне, ВТАА Права i эканомiка, Мінск, 2019.

Кризис славистики и возможные пути его преодоления посредством международных научных проектов. Памятная записка

Author(s): Petar Bunjak / Language(s): Russian Issue: Suppl./2012

The author of the memorial commentary connected with the discussions with and the ideas of the prominent Yugoslav and Serbian slavist Bogoljub Stanković describesthe contemporary situation of Slavonic studies at European universities and the crisis in this field of humanities together with new proposals and several ways how to solve it. The proposals consist in the formation of the freely concei-ved centre of international Slavonic studies based on concrete research projects and the international net of scholarly cooperation.

Polska slawistyka i jej problemy we współczesnym świecie

Author(s): Bożena Tokarz,Emil Tokarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: Suppl./2012

This article presents the general situation of Slavonic studies in the academic curricula of Polish universities from historical perspective with a particular focus upon recent years of our century. The authors attempt to propose new models of education based on the proposals of several university centres in Central Europe (universities in Austria (the Karl-Franzes University, Graz; the Alps Adriatic Uni-versity of Klagenfurt/Celovec)), in Italy (the University of Trieste), in Hungary (the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest), in Poland (the University of Bielsko-Biała), and in Slovenia (the University of Maribor). The proposed project, coordi-nated by the University of Maribor, called SLANG MASTER (The Slovenian LANGUage and Literature Post-graduate Programme), is an interuniversity di-dactic project preparing Masters program IInd level Slovenian studies. It may be fundamental for discussions on modernising and enhancing Slavonic studies in Europe.

Организация славистических специальностей – уход от филологии?

Author(s): Libor Pawera / Language(s): Russian Issue: Suppl./2012

The author first lists the so-called mega-trends for the twenty-first century, inspired by the theses of the Spanish prognosticator J. L. Abellan. He shows the problem of literacy in the context of the OECD report on the issue (especially in the countries of central Europe). As with the ongoing mega trends, declining literacy and other phenomena affect the development of „small“ philology, which includes the study of Slavic languages and literatures.

Прошлое, настоящее и будущее международной славистики: проблемы, требующие решения (К приближающемуся 10-му юбилею переворота в Чешском комитете славистов)

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Russian Issue: Suppl./2012

The author of the contribution deals – on the occasion of the approaching 10th anniversary of the takeover in the Czech Committee of Slavists in 2003 as a star-ting point of the institutional crisis in international Slavonic studies – with the International Committee of Slavists and with the forms and methods of its activity. He presents a set of proposals to bring a necessary change concerning the special commissions, the participation of young researchers, the system of management etc.

The intensifying function of reduplication in contemporary Polish and Slovak

Author(s): Sylwia Sojda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this paper, I present and discuss the ways of intensifying in Polish and Slovak language communication using reduplication, because one of the semantic properties of reduplication is intensification. Various linguists have pointed out that reduplication may perform many different functions. Reduplication is also associated with a large subset of semantic and syntactic operations, including intensity. Although it is heavily semantically limited to adjectives and adverbs, it applies to nearly all parts of speech. According to its intensifying function, it is common in contemporary Slovak, being mainly associated with compound adjectives, i.e. šírošíry, číročíry, dennodenný. Reduplicative constructions are understood as independent language signs, formally and semantically different from their components. Reduplication means a reinforcement of a statement, so there are various semantic constraints on the reduplicant: it involves only gradable attributes and attributes denoting a higher degree of feature intensity (in plus). The reinforcement does not necessarily mean the increase of intensity of a state - the aim of reduplication is not only to modify but also to specify the meaning. Intensifying reduplication is one of the many ways of expressing the intensive degree or intensity of an action that is something above the assumed norm and it is a legitimate way of expanding the lexis.

Imiesłów przymiotnikowy czynny u poljskom jeziku i njegovi hrvatski prijevodni ekvivalenti

Author(s): Paulina Pycia-Košćak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 94/2022

Polish and Croatian inherited some of the participles from the Old Slavonic language, significantly narrowing their number and simplifying their forms. Their development was different, due to the peculiarities of each language system. One of them, participium praesentis activi (Pol. imiesłów czasu teraźniejszego czynny, Cro. glagolski prilog sadašnji aktivni / aktivni particip prezenta) developed in Polish into two separate (morphologically, syntactically and semantically different) verb forms: invariable imiesłów przysłówkowy współczesny with the suffix –ąc and the variable imiesłów przymiotnikowy czynny with the suffixes –ący for the masculine gender, –ąca for the feminine gender and –ące for the middle gender. While the first of them has its unambiguous equivalent in the Croatian language, glagolski prilog sadašnji with the suffix –ći, the second forces the translator to find some other solutions. Among them are various transformations at the formal level aimed at conveying the content of the original text. The paper examines translation equivalents on the example of contemporary Polish and Croatian prose (see Literature) in such a way that constructions in the original language are opposed their equivalent structures in another language and their formal and semantic properties are described.