Experimentální výzkum gramatického vidu a způsobu slovesného děje: jazyková relativita a vidové vynucení

Author(s): Jan Chromý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

The paper presents the second part of the review of experimental research on grammatical or lexical aspect. Two main topics are reviewed: the role of aspect in linguistic relativity and the aspectual coercion hypothesis. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that languages with a similar aspectual system can differ widely in their preferences in the description of certain events, and furthermore that these preferences may influence the speakers’ non-linguistic perception of events. The second part of the paper shows that previous studies on aspectual coercion differ both in their methodology and findings and that the very existence of the aspectual coercion phenomenon is not clear yet.

Poznámka k perifrastickému futuru u obouvidových sloves aneb Prezident bude abdikovat

Author(s): Luboš Veselý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

This paper presents a phenomenon (almost) thus far unnoticed, namely the use of a periphrasticfuturum for the purpose of expressing perfectivity in the future tense of the biaspectual verbs(bude vetovat, bude exkomunikovat, bude rezignovat). This is actually a competition betweenthe perfective present tense (prezident abdikujepf.) and the periphrastic futurum (prezidentbude abdikovat). One of the main aims of this text is to explain this phenomenon. The authorconcludes that: (1) the cause or trigger of the observed phenomenon is the homonymy of theperfective and imperfective present tense, respectively their ambiguity, which may interferewith the smooth course of communication, (2) the purpose is to clearly indicate that it refersto the action in the future, (3) the relatively unambiguous expression of perfectivity by theperiphrastic futurum is made possible by the lexical semantics of the respective verbs, their“non-durativity” or “short-term nature”. Other issues dealt with in this study are: (1) the possibleundesirable consequences of aspectual homonymy, (2) the ways and means of their elimination,and (3) the causes of the persistence of aspectual homonymy.

Německá toponyma a poněmčování v zajetí nacionalismu 19. století

Author(s): Tereza Klemensová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

Due to the complicated history between Czechs and Germans, research on names (especiallyGerman names) has often been influenced by nationalism and – from the linguistic point ofview – purism. Czech authors wanted to improve the Slavic origin of the German place names,thus we can find some false interpretations in their papers. However, more attention has arisenbecause of the Germanization of Slavic names, which was fixed as a part of the revision afterthe 1918. The revision after the 1945, when most of the names of the German origin wereremoved as a symbol of the Germans and German dominance, was more radical. At present,the perception of German place names is changing. As the result we can encounter the rehabilitationor revitalization of these names (especially in the case of non-standardized toponymsor chrematonyms).

První česká soustavná práce o literární onomastice

Author(s): Jaroslav David / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

Review of Dvořáková, Žaneta (2017): Literární onomastika: Antroponyma. Praha: Filozofická fakultaUniverzity Karlovy

Jeden autor, osem žánrov a trochu matematiky

Author(s): Ján Mačutek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2018

Review ofKubát, Miroslav (2016): Kvantitativní analýza žánrů. Ostrava: Ostravská univerzita

Ústup protetického v-

Author(s): Milena Hebal-Jezierska / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

Review of Chromý, Jan (2017): Protetické v- v češtině. Praha: Filozofická fakulta UK, 281 p.

Od povolaných aneb K sedmdesáté popularizační knize o češtině a jazykovědě

Author(s): Jan Táborský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

Review of Adam, Robert – Bozděchová, Ivana – Dittmann, Robert – Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena – Chromý,Jan – Mareš, Petr – Rejzek, Jiří – Synková, Pavlína – Šormová, Kateřina (2017): O jazyce bez hranic a další zajímavosti ze současného zkoumání češtiny. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 286 p.

Bezesná noc: Komentář ke knize O jazyce bez hranic

Author(s): Jiří Šedý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

Kruh přátel českého jazyka v akademickém roce 2017/2018

Author(s): Robert Adam,Ondřej Koupil,Petr Nejedlý,Irena Vaňková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

Z jazykové poradny

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

Chatbot

Author(s): Anna Černá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2018

This article discusses the meaning, word formation, use and declension of the Czech wordchatbot.

K výkladu významu slov zpolitizovaný a politika

Author(s): Josef Šimandl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

The article offers a philological description of usage, mainly focused on the adjective zpolitizovaný ‘politicized’, thus far not mentioned in Czech dictionaries. The first part presents the semantic fields of nouns usually modified with the adjective zpolitizovaný. The second part brings some observations on context, grammatical properties (negation, gradation), the history of usage and properties of the lexical meaning. The third part shows that the meaning of the adjective zpolitizovaný cannot be derived from the explanation of the meanings of basic words (esp. politika), and then offers a method for explaining the respective meanings (incl. the adjective zideologizovaný ‘having been made ideological’). Because one of key words in the new meaning description was game, the fourth part first focuses on usage of the expression politická hra ‘political game’; then lexicographic problems with verbs for playing are sketched; afterwards the game theory is mentioned as a possible inspiration for pragmatics research. The last part offers two more general observations.

Poznámky k poznámkám: Usage notes v českém lexikografickém prostředí

Author(s): Martin Šemelík,Michal Škrabal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

In Czech dictionaries, usage notes (UN) are not a completely unknown lexicographic asset; nevertheless,most Czech academic dictionaries seem to neglect them. This fact is symptomatic of the mainstream approach to lexicography as a strictly linguistic discipline that views the dictionary as being an artefact of linguistic analysis rather than a tool used for solving language problems.Within the lexicographic process, the target users and their needs – or dictionary functions – play an important role. Against the background of an analysis of the present practice in selected dictionaries,we attempt some concrete design proposals for the UN in an emerging Czech academic dictionary. In this respect, different questions arise, for instance: Which concrete phenomena should be addressed in the UN? Which type of UN do dictionary users expect?

Pusťme uživatele do slovníku! Aneb o neprobádané cestě v české lexikografii

Author(s): Hana Mžourková,Jan Křivan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

This article discusses the role of the dictionary user in meta/lexicographical research. The user,usability and utility are key concepts of modern lexicography that aim to create dictionaries as an informative and user-friendly digital environment. However, Czech lexicography has been limited by the tradition of printed dictionaries so far and the user-related issues have not been thoroughly investigated. We propose some of more ways to “let dictionary users into the dictionary” and to make for them available more advanced and highly specialized methods of searching and language data sorting.

Odborní konzultanti všeobecného výkladového slovníku (praktické zkušenosti lexikografického týmu ze spolupráce s odborníky)

Author(s): Jana Nová,Zdeňka Opavská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

Specialized vocabulary of various fields and domains forms a huge part of general dictionaries, and lexicographers need to cooperate with field specialists when treating specialized words. Based on the experience of the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech team, we describe the process of acquiring advisers for a dictionary, ways of communication with them, the character of their work, possible difficulties and other practical aspects of this important part of the dictionary-making process.

Poznámky o lexikografických úskaliach pri spracovaní terminologického slovníka na príklade Slovníka právnických termínov pre verejnosť

Author(s): Mária Imrichová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1-2/2019

The paper deals with the issue of legal vocabulary – legal terms – from the point of view of lawyers and the public. Legal terms, especially multi-word terms, are motivated by a common lexis, but at the same time the legal definition may not conform to the everyday understanding of the words in Slovak. This often leads to the misunderstanding of the text of the law, when an ordinary language user with no legal training, departing from the ordinary meaning of the word in Slovak, understands the content of the legal term incorrectly. The paper also addresses the possible existence of polysemic terminology within one discipline and jurisprudence, and the resulting problems in institutional communication. The specificity of legal terms stems from the oscillation between the public and specialists in the area of law. Explanations of the terms should be a compromise between a text comprehensible for laymen and a definition that does not deform the meaning of the term for lawyers. Achieving harmony between the simplified explanation of the term and its understanding in the legal sense is fundamental for the creation of the Dictionary of Legal Terms for the Public.

Koncepce Akademického slovníku současné češtiny z hlediska uživatele

Author(s): Iva Nebeská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

Review of the book Kochová, Pavla ‒ Opavská, Zdeňka (eds.) (2016): Kapitoly z koncepce Akademického slovníku současné češtiny. Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR.

Nový akademický výkladový slovník současné češtiny se představuje

Author(s): Oldrich Ulicny / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

Review of the publications Akademický slovník současné češtiny [písmeno A]. (2012‒2019). Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR. Cit. 11. 11. 2018. <http://www.slovnikcestiny.cz> and Kochová, Pavla ‒ Opavská, Zdeňka (eds.) (2016): Kapitoly z koncepce Akademického slovníku současné češtiny. Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR.

Ke koncepci Akademického slovníku současné češtiny – poznámky k některým bodům

Author(s): Ludmila Uhlířová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

Review of the bookKochová, Pavla ‒ Opavská, Zdeňka (eds.) (2016): Kapitoly z koncepce Akademického slovníku současné češtiny. Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR.

Mezinárodní konference o historické lexikologii a lexikografii (ICHLL) 2018

Author(s): Michal Hořejší / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019