K efektivitě manuální a poloautomatické excerpce neologismů

Author(s): Jakub Sláma / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

The paper presents a simple semi-automatic neologism detection procedure: a trivial Python script processes a text file, making use of a Czech morphological tagger, and extracts all words unrecognized by the tagger as potential neologisms. The list of these candidates has to be checked by a human (hence the label semi-automatic). This method was applied to a set of texts that were also analyzed in a more traditional way, by the “reading and marking” technique (i.e. the current practice). The comparison of the two methods has revealed that the semi-automatic procedure clearly outperforms the current practice both in speed and in efficiency.

K připravovanému Slovníku raněnovověké češtiny

Author(s): Irena Fuková,Petr Nejedlý,Štěpán Šimek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

The article presents information about the preparation of the Dictionary of Early Modern Czech taking place at the Department of Language Development of the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech is the basic material source for the creation of the planned dictionary. The authors evaluate the present state of knowledge in the field and describe the methodological and technical constraints given by the nature of historical texts. However, the structural method elaborated by Igor Němec makes it possible to sufficiently reconstruct objectively defunct parts of the lexical system that refer to extralingual reality which no longer exists. The authors conclude by defining the necessary technical,personnel, and institutional support required.

Klady a zápory elektronického zpracování a zveřejnění slovníku (na příkladu Elektronického slovníku staré češtiny)

Author(s): Miloslava Vajdlová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

The article discusses the benefits and drawbacks of digital processing and publishing of electronic dictionaries; the author takes into account her own experience with the creation of the Electronic Dictionary of Old Czech. Users appreciate accessibility of the electronic (i.e. web) dictionary in terms of time, space and cost, and authors welcome the increasing number of users. On the other hand,one drawback is that electronic documents have thus far been not officially counted as publications in the Czech national research evaluation system (the new evaluation methodology beginning in2017 is still unclear on this issue), resulting in even lower prestige of “e-lexicographers” compared to that of authors of traditionally published, printed and reviewed works.

Co přináší jednojazyčná lexikografie lexikografii překladové?

Author(s): Marie Vachková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

The paper is based on experience gained from working on a current project of the Large German--Czech Academic Dictionary. The author suggests briefly that bilingual lexicography cannot exist without monolingual dictionaries. The examples show that monolingual and translation dictionaries solve their processing problems in specific ways due both to the function of the emerging works and the theoretical assumptions tied to a linguistic, historical and cultural heritage of the respective country. Writing a German-Czech bilingual dictionary, the author often checks the Czech equivalents for their morphology, stylistics, semantics, and word-formation in monolingual dictionaries,and lacks greater reliability and completeness of data. This paper claims that new monolingual works should be based on thorough knowledge of the needs of not only ordinary users, but also professional ones. The reflection of the uniqueness of single and bilingual works could benefit lexicographers from both mentioned areas, in other words, seeing data in monolingual dictionaries through the eyes of a bilingual lexicographer could prove inspiring and useful.

Propria v moderních výkladových slovnících češtiny

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

This article deals with conceptions of proper names used in Czech monolingual dictionaries. It is focused on the difference between proper names that are in the body of the dictionary and special lists of proper names. Some conceptual and methodological problems are discussed as well, such as selection criteria, the inclusion of unofficial forms of proper names, creating potential forms of ethnonyms or names of inhabitants, etc. In my opinion, proper names should be included in the body of the dictionary along with the appellatives. Proper names have their specifics and there is no reason why these should be separated from the rest of the vocabulary. This is the only way to keep the relationship between proper names and other derived words obvious.

Z jazykové poradny

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2019

Obraz světa ve frazeologii: K metodice analýzy a klasifikace frazeologických jednotek

Author(s): Michaela Křivancová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The paper presents a methodology for constructing an image of someone or something in phraseology. This methodology is then applied to Czech phrasemes from the thematic unit “designations of fairytale creatures”. The main aim of the contribution is to show that any topics seeking to capture the picture of the world in phraseology require a specified semantic-functional way of analyzing and classifying excerpts, because other criteria for classifying phrasemes and analyzing them would have practically no informational value for such research.

Metodologické problémy onomastické lexikografie na příkladu zpracování hydronymie povodí řeky Ostravice

Author(s): Kristýna Kovářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

Saturnin dvakrát jinak: Příspěvek k identifikaci autora

Author(s): Václava Musilová,Veronika Nováková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this article is to verify whether and to what extent the imitation of another person’swriting style is possible. For this purpose, two literary texts ‒ Saturnin by Zdeněk Jirotka (1943)and Saturnin se vrací by Miroslav Macek (2017) ‒ have been analyzed. The text comparison makesuse of some identification methods from forensic linguistics that are focused on language featuresthat are less striking, but significant from the identification perspective.

Ty jo!!! Fakt dost dobrá knížka o bezva tématu aneb Jak hodnotíme v češtině

Author(s): Radek Čech / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

Review of Veselovská, Kateřina (2017): Sentiment Analysis in Czech. Praha: Ústav formální a aplikované lingvistiky, 159 p.

Bohemistické disertace roku 2018

Author(s): Martin Beneš,Ondřej Dufek,Martina Rybová,Michal Hořejší / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

Puzzle jako ortoepický problém

Author(s): Barbora Martinkovičová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The article focuses on the pronunciation of the loanword puzzle, which can be realized through multiple variants in Czech. The research, based on material from public media files, tries to reveal possible connections between the pronunciation, meaning and morphological characteristics of this word. The main aim is to find out which pronounced variant can be regarded as orthoepic, and, based on the findings, to propose an adjustment to the keyword puzzle in the Czech Internet Language Reference Book.

Z jazykové poradny

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

Složitý nadsouvětný celek v současné próze

Author(s): Josef Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2019

The compound-complex super-clausal unit is one that extends beyond the boundaries of grammar and moves toward text linguistics. The article begins by delimiting the basic concepts. It defines the concept of compound-complex super-clausal unit from its initial capital letter to its terminal punctuation. Such a whole has three or more clauses, at least one of which is not in a semantic-syntactic relationship. The asyndetic composite sentence and the asyndetic attachment of single-member verbless clauses are analysed. Then the concepts of semi-dependent clause, parenthesis and relational modality are delimited. The core of the article is a classification of semi-dependent and parenthetic clauses, the juxtaposition of declarative clauses and the juxtaposition of clauses of different relational modality in. compound-complex super-clausal units. This analysis is based on the material from contemporary Czech prose.

Používáme k popisu české gramatiky dobře zvolený systém vzorových podstatných jmen?

Author(s): Petr Strossa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2019

The Czech noun declension types are traditionally identified by some model words which may occasionally change but usually remain in use in schools for decades. Based on the author’s recent statistical work concerning the dictionary and text frequencies of elementary declension types in Czech, this paper tries to evaluate the appropriateness of the currently used system of declension models, and suggests some possible changes in them.

Kolik je bílých zlat?

Author(s): Hana Mžourková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2019

The lexical unit bílé zlato (white gold) has two meanings in the draft version of the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech, where it is included in the noun-phrasemes category. Based on a corpus-based analysis of the meaning of bílé zlato, the article suggests that this lexical unit should be included in the transferred meanings category and proposes a new treatment of its meaning.

Z jazykové poradny

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2019

Proměny písně o sv. Vojtěchovi z hlediska pravopisného

Author(s): Veronika Vytlačilová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2019

The paper analyses minuscule orthographic variants for marking phonemes /b/, /i/, /i:/, /l/, /s/ and /š/ in five versions of the song of St. Adalbert in the Czech printed hymn books from the 16th to the 18th century. The results indicate the dominant influence of the time period for marking the phonemes /b/and /i:/ and other influences for marking the phonemes /l/, /s/, /š/ and /i/. The paper reflects research by J. Porák and D. Timofeev and provides information about the future development of a general methodological system for orthography research concerning the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

K pojmu moderátor: lingvistické a mediálně-historické aspekty

Author(s): Martin Adamec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2019

This paper deals with selected linguistic and media-historical aspects of the term host in the sense of the professional title, which came into use in the Czech, respectively Czechoslovak media space,in the 1970s. The author first analyzes the developmental issues related to the introduction and stabilization of this term, then deals with the issue of its interpretation, which is currently not uniform. Therefore the author also offers his own definition, and in conclusion, to achieve complexity,compares the host profession with the other professions similar to hosting.

České entomologické odborné názvosloví ze slovotvorného hlediska – odvozování

Author(s): Zdeňka Kohoutková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2019

In this study, derived names of insects in Czech were excerpted from two books: Atlas hmyzu [Insect Atlas] (Pokorný – Šifner, 2004) and Hmyz [The Insect] (Zahradník – Severa, 2015). A significant majority of these were formed independently of the international Latin terms. It turns out that the most common suffixes used to create Czech scientific insect names denote diminution,substantives derived from adjectives, agent nouns, and feminine forms derived from masculine ones.