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Роль сопоставительного фактора в изучении отдельных элементов словообразовательной системы русского языка

Author(s): Emilia Bałatykina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 25/1991

W artykule rozpatruje się złożone i dyskusyjne zagadnienia słowotwórstwa rosyjskich przymiotników z przyrostkiem -n-» które roożna wyjaśnić tylko za pomocą danych z innych języków słowiańskich i bałtyckich. Właściwości funkcjonowania przymiotników na -ny, -ni w języku polskim i czeskim, a szczególnie przymiotników na -lnos. -lnls w języku litewskim pozwalają objaśnić paralelizm rosyjskich przymiotników na -nyj, -nij związany ze szczególną, wyróżniająco- wskazującą funkcją dawnego -nil (-njös). Przymiotniki litewskie na -lnls motywowane rzeczownikami żywotnymi nigdy nie są używane dla wyrażenia znaczenia osobowo-dzierżawczego, co wyjaśnia ograniczoność zakresu derywacji analogicznych form z kontynuantaei przyrostka -njös w językach słowiańskich.

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К вопросу типологии сходств и различий родственных языков (на материале глагольно-именных словосочетаний русского и сербохорватского языков)

Author(s): Jewgienij Josifow / Language(s): Russian Issue: 25/1991

Opierając się na materiale języka rosyjskiego i serbsko-chorwackiego autor artykułu zajmuje się funkcjonalnym znaczeniem czasownikowo-imiennych związków wyrazowych, składających się z czasownika ruchu z przedrostkiem i rzeczownika z przyimkiem. Znaczenia te określa się na podstawie opisu cech semantycznych przedrostków i przyimków. W artykule autor przedstawił dość skomplikowaną strukturę tych cech, podkreślił semantyczny związek przedrostków między sobą i ich współdziałanie z przyimkami, co w całości określa funkcjonalne znaczenie związków wyrazowych. W rozpatrzonym odcinku słownika podkreślono znaczne podobieństwa pomiędzy językiem rosyjskim i serbsko-chorwackim.

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Об изучении названий грибов в русском и польском языках

Author(s): Nikołaj Mierkułow / Language(s): Russian Issue: 25/1991

W artykule rozpatrzone zostały niektóre osobliwości nazw grzybów w języku rosyjskim i polskim. Obecność szeregu wspólnych znaczeri leżących u podstaw tych nazw, pozwala wydzielić wspólne dla obu języków typy motywacyjne. Na bazie tych typów przeprowadzona została analiza semantyki nazwy grzyba Boletus edulis i wydzielone zostały cechy wspólne oraz różnice w tych nazwach

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Użycie aspektu czasownikowego przy oznaczaniu czynności wielokrotnych w języku polskim i rosyjskim (na tle słowiańskim)

Author(s): Axel Holvoet / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/1991

In vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der Aspektgebrauch des Polnischen und Russischen bei verschiedenen Arten der Iterativität einer konfrontativen Analyse unterzogen. Es erweist sich dabei, dass das Polnische in grösserem Umfang als das Russische Perfektive in iterativer Funktion verwendet, und zwar auch im Präteritum, wo diese im Russischen ausgeschlossen sind (vgl.poln. czasem przyszedł neben czasem przychodził gegenüber russ. inogda prlchodil). Der Verfasser äussert die Vermutung, dass der schwankende Aspektgebrauch bei iterativer Bedeutung dem Konflikt zwischen zwei Systemen der Aspektdeterminierung, dem temporal-deiktischen und dem semantischen, zuzuschreiben ist. Das Bulgarische, das für die temporal-deiktische Aspektopposition besondere Ausdrucksmittel (Aorist und Imperfektum) besitzt, weist in solchen Fällen perfektive Imperfekta auf. Wiederholte Handlungen sind nämlich auf temporal-deiktischer Ebene immer imperfektiv, von semantischem Standpunkt können sie aber auch durch Perfektiva bezeichnet werden, indem diese das sogenannte "nagljadno-primernoe znaSenie" annehmen. In denjenigen slawischen Sprachen, wo es nur den derivationellen Aspekt gibt, entscheidet in solchen Konfliktfällen über die Wahl der Aspektform letzten Endes die Sprachnorm, im Sinne der Realisierung des Sprachsystems.

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K вoпpocy o ceмaнтичecкoм aнaлизe aнтoнимoв в pyccкoм языкe нa фoнe лeкcикoгpaфичecкoй пpaктики

Author(s): Jarosław Wierzbiński / Language(s): Russian Issue: 20/1989

Autor omawia aspekt semantyczny antonimów, stanowiących grupy otwarte, gdzie w związku antonimicznym z jednym leksemem pozostaje szereg jednostek leksykalnych powiązanych synonimicznie.

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Translating self-translation and the units of the translation: the case of Nabokov

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Translating self-translation and the units of the translation: the case of Nabokov

Author(s): Zsuzsa Hetényi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

From the point of view of translation studies, Nabokov’s case, his practicing selftranslation is very apt to shed light on some new aspects of practical and theoretical problems of literary translation. As several of his novels were self-translated, the two original versions represent a double authenticity. Translating Nabokov into a third language raises a number of practical problems. The paper also challenges the notion of the minimal and the maximal unity as well as the axiomatic question of equivalence.

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On the registration of pseudo-Anglicisms in modern Russian lexicography

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On the registration of pseudo-Anglicisms in modern Russian lexicography

Author(s): Szabolcs Janurik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the present paper is to analyze how pseudo-English loanwords are registered in modern lexicography. This is a rather new and quickly developing research field in European linguistics, however, in Russia, it has received hardly any attention so far. These lexical items are usually treated as real English borrowings in Russian dictionaries, despite the fact that they are not used in the source language in the form they are presented by lexicographers. It is also pointed out in the paper that some pseudo-Anglicisms have been transferred into Russian through one of the main intermediary languages of Europe (French or German).

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О НОВЫХ И АКТУАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯХ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Olga Kalnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2017

A distinctive feature of the processes occurring today in the lexical-semantic system is their dynamism. We often observe how a new word or a new meaning is born, the word is changed or neutralized by its stylistic marking. The condition for the appearance and consolidation of a new or actualized value is the relevance of the notion and the regular frequency in the media. The notion of “actualized word” corresponds to different lexemes that functioned in the language before, but underwent various kinds of changes of semantic, stylistic, comprehensible, evaluative nature. Some words known in the Russian language – дочка, летальный, чистый are frequent in social and political discourse, develop a new compatibility, which leads to the consolidation of a new meaning. This process can be accompanied by changes in the stylistic marking of the word, most often expressed in neutralizing of its colloquial and, more rarely, book coloring.

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Бывшая жизнь названий некоторых частей одежды

Author(s): Nikoleta Doliničová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 19-20/2014

Apellativization of proper nouns – the process, by which the proper names become general, is one of the primary ways of forming a new lexical items. This article provides insight on apellativisational names of individual elements of clothing. The aim of the work is to point out their lexical-semantic and etymological peculiarities. As the material basis we have used apellativisational onyms taken from the monolingual and the etymological dictionaries of the Russian language.

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ЯВИЩЕ МОВНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ: ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКІ ПІДХОДИ, СПЕЦИФІКА ТРАКТУВАННЯ, ПРИЧИНИ

Author(s): Halyna Namachynska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 6/2018

The changes caused by the development of technical, economic and political cooperation between the world cultural relations reflect active contacts of languages. As a result of these contacts borrowings appear. There is a need to explore in details the phenomenon of a verbal interaction, to consider the specific interpretation of the terms and describe the reasons for borrowing. This problem is analyzed in the article.

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ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ПАСИВ ПЛЮСКВАМПЕРФЕКТА В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ

Author(s): Ljudmila Popović / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 6/2018

This paper focuses on the question of absence of the pluperfect in the paradigm of passive voice in the Ukrainian language, even though it is present in the active diathesis. The data show that taxis and discursive functions of pluperfect can be expressed by an analytic form of passive, which coincides with the past tense form of the passive voice. If such form represents a situation that develops in an unexpected way or is interrupted by another situation in the past, it represents the meaning of pluperfect, which is equally typical of both — the active and passive voice in the Ukrainian language.

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ЧАСТКА ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРЕСУПОЗИЦІЇ В ТЕКСТІ

Author(s): Maria Slobodian / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 6/2018

In the article the notion of presupposition has been considered: the options of presupposition typing and the selection criteria of presupposition as a single type implicit meanings have been described. The characteristics of particles and their role in the formation of different types of presuppositions have been presented based on modern Ukrainian discource.

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O фразеологизмима са лексемом опанак у албанском, румунском и српском језику

Author(s): Predrag J. Mutavdžić,Tanja Trajkovic,Anastassios L. Kampouris / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2017

The present paper deals with a comparative and contrastive analysis of a certain number of idiomatic expressions in three contemporary Balkan and unrelated languages Albanian, Romanian and Serbian containing one specific lexeme related to a traditional form of footwear – opanak, opinca, opinga – collected from different dictionary sources. According to the rich cultural material of these Balkan nations, this typical peasаnt shoe is still a representative part of their various national costumes, being at the same time one of the most recognizable elements of their cultural traditions. Bearing in mind that only this kind of footwear has been known to these peoples for centuries and that it has not been changed in its shape or style a lot, we have tried to find out whether and to what extent these lexemes form phraseological constructions as their key constituents in the aforementioned languages. Each idiom is presented, then it is given its literal meaning and finally its translational equivalents in other languages. Based on the performed analysis of all recorded idiomatic expressions (61) and upon comparison between the Albanian and Romanian and pertinent Serbian ones, only in Albanian idiomatic expressions created from this lexeme have been found to be dominant. On the other hand, an absolute high percentage (100%) of disconcordance has been recorded between the three phraseological images which draws attention to the fact that each language in question does express its indipendent, dissimilar and idiotypical idiomatic characteristics. In other words, no semantic and structural equivalences have been recorded between the three Balkan languages as the zero degree of concordance is predominant. Each and every idiom belongs to a special semantic and cognitive level in communicative and stylistic perspective thus reflecting just a small part of a greater mental and psycological comprehention of human inner and outer worlds as well as of his social behaviour.

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«ПАМЯТЬ ЖАНРА» И ЕГО МЕТАМОРФОЗЫ В АВТОРСКОЙ СКАЗКЕ A.А. МИЛНА

Author(s): Natalia Nevzorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: XX/2018

“GENRE MEMORY” AND ITS METAMORPHOSISIN A LITERARY TALE BY A.A. MILNEThe nucleus of Milne’s literary tale dilogy (Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at the Pooh Corner) is an archaic folklore-mythological spatio-temporal structure and its specific subject realization that have proved capable of development, metamorphosis, synthesis with other deep structures and have led to the formation of literary genresof a neo-mythological character – literary tale, story and fantasy.In Milne’s tales there is no traditional struggle between Good and Evil, there are practically no “miraculous” objects and magical powers. The action is not based on the confrontation between the two sides, representing different moral principles (as ina traditional fairy tale), but involves the transition of the hero, Christopher Robin, from the world of childhood to the adult world, acquiring a higher social status,the development of abilities and skills of various characters to solve different life problems, first at the level of choice of options from the accumulated empirical experience, and then at the level of abstraction from real specifics to the skills of logical analysis and mastering written speech and the basics of mathematics. This results in the acquisition of a new level of knowledge and the development of a new way of understandingof the world (the creation of the cosmos from chaos).

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Ukrainian Obstruent + Sonorant and Sonorant + Obstruent Consonant Clusters in Online Adaptation by Native Speakers of English

Author(s): Kateryna Laidler / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In the process of loanword adaptation words often undergo various changes in order to comply with the phonological system of the borrowing language. At the phonotactic level the most commonly applied modifications of alien consonant clusters include vowel insertion, consonant deletion and cluster modification. The present paper examines online adaptation of Ukrainian word-initial twoconsonant sequences of radically different segmental makeup and sonority relations, namely, obstruent + sonorant (e.g. /zm/, /vn/) and sonorant + obstruent (e.g. /rt/, /mʒ/), which are illicit in English, in order to establish the major phonological patterns of anglicization and account for them in the light of Optimality Theory.

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ГЛОССИРОВАНИЕ VS. ВНУТРИТЕКСТОВОЕ ТОЛКОВАНИЕ ЛЕКСИКИ: ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТОЧКИ СОПРИКОСНОВЕНИЯ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ТЕКСТОВ XVIII ВЕКА

Author(s): Aleksander Aleksandrovich Malyshev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (178)/2019

The intra-text interpretation of lexicon in the 18th century texts inevitably needs a terminological designation of this phenomenon.There are two opposing directions in the use or non-use of the term “gloss” by the description of these cases of the explanation of lexicon. The tradition of understanding a gloss as a way of explaining some words, especially in hand-written texts, relies on the definition of a gloss which goes back to antiquity. This way glossing becomes the integral element of hand-written tradition, and glosses of hand-written texts become an important source of historical studying of language. In this case the problem of glossing is studied only using the material of hand-written texts. Other researchers understand glossing widely as the interpretation of unknown or little used words and expressions made not only by hand in the manuscript, but also by the typographical way in the texts of printed books,carrying such explanations to the most widespread type of explanations of lexicon in texts of later time, including the texts of the18th century. It basically appears to consider an assumption as a gloss by any explanation introduced in the text, whether it is hand written or printed. Therefore, in case of entering the explanations to the “difficult” words into the printed texts of the 18th century we can talk not just about the existence of glosses in the text, but about glossing as a process in general.

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Electronic Diachronic Corpus and Dictionaries of Old Bulgarian

Author(s): Gergana Ganeva / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2018

The electronic system histdict is designed as a tool for research, adequate presentation and popularization of a part of Bulgaria’s cultural and historical heritage: the Bulgarian language and its medieval literature. The article describes the various steps in the development of histdict. Attention is paid to each component of the resource: specialized Unicode fonts, electronic diachronic corpus, dictionary of Old Bulgarian, historical dictionary equipped with tools for writing and editing dictionary entries, grammatical dictionary, prototypical search engine, and virtual keyboard. The article also lays out the principles followed in the development of the diachronic grammatical dictionary of the Bulgarian language.

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Русинські словники Закарпаття: некомпетентність чи технологія

Author(s): Ljubomir Beley / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

The article is devoted to the „Rusyn” dictionaries and encyclopaedias, published in XXI ctr in Zakarpattia region, Ukraine. Taking into account the size of the analysed books, “Rusyn” lexicographers intended to issue the dictionaries of medium and big size. In order to fulfil this requirement they fill up the text artificially using various manipulative techniques. “Rusyn” vocabularies form the very important element of the post-truth strategy, which is often used by neorusyn activists.

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Захист прав української мови К. Левицьким у ІІ Речі Посполитій

Author(s): B. V. Kindiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 143/2018

The article analyzed the scientific and social activities of K. Levitsky, in the context of its influence on the formation of the Ukrainian language and the formation of Ukrainian statehood. A significant role in the process of the revival of the Ukrainian nation and the restoration of statehood, the search for ways to build a democratic society is the Ukrainian language, which is an instrumental phenomenon of coexistence, communication and the realization of the views of society. The interest is caused by the fact that all the states that included the Ukrainian ethnic territories tried in various ways to halt the development of the Ukrainian language by limiting the range of its social functions. The article reviewed the works of K. Levitsky on the protection of the rights of the Ukrainian language in the Republic of Poland (II Rzeczpospolita). The analysis of the Polish language law dated 31 July, 1924, regulating issues related to school education and the use of language in the courts, the prosecutor's office. Attention was focused on the conclusions of K. Levitsky on the declarativeness of this regulatory act and the absence of a mechanism for the implementation of its conditions. The scientist's proposals for amending Polish law were considered regarding the use of the Ukrainian language in court proceedings, the content of court decisions and official documents issued in regions where Ukrainians constitute the majority of the population.

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Фразеологічний мінімум – основа навчального фразеологічного словника

Author(s): Halyna Kuz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 37-38/2019

The article touches upon the proven by Slavonic scientists approaches used to form phraseological (paremiological) minima. Under analysis are the following methods used to determine such minima: sociolinguistic experiment, method of direct observation, corpus-based method, -as well as scientific results acquired by their means. The author specifies the criteria to determine phraseological minimum as an exhaustive list of phraseological units, necessary for foreigners to learn language at different levels.

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