Политическая/национальная/конфессиональная/ языковая карта Восточной Европы: история и современность

Author(s): N. N. Zapolskaja,Arina Mihaylenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2012

5–9 ноября 2012 года в Вильнюсе и в Супрасле прошел международный научно-образовательный семинар Политическая/национальная/конфессиональная/языковая карта Восточной Европы: история и современность. Проведение семинара стало возможным в результате совместной работы славистов Института славяноведения РАН, Вильнюсского университета, Супрасльской aкадемии, фонда “Российско-польский центр диалога и согласия” и научно-издательского центра “Индрик”; поддержку семинару оказало Посольство Российской Федерации в Литовской республике.

Ранната модерност – сложност и ред

Author(s): Joseph Vilmots / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 06/2018

Chronicle of events.

Изучение интерференции русского и латышского языков в свете методологии У. Вайнрайха

Author(s): Tatjana Stoikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 162/2018

The author makes an attempt to generalize and systematize the phenomena of the Latvian-Russian and the Russian-Latvian phonetic interference on the basis of Weinreich’s methodology. The interference zones are also characterized. The typology includes four types of interference: insufficient differentiation of phonemes, superdifferentiation of phonemes, reinterpretation of distinctions, substitution of sounds. The given typology can be applied as an effective tool in linguistic resaerch of nterference of any two languages in contact.

Mikrotoponimia i makrotoponimia. Problematyka wstępna

Author(s): Artur Gałkowski,Renata Gliwa / Language(s): Slovak,English,Bulgarian,Russian,Czech,Polish,Belarusian

This book under the title Microtoponymy and macrotoponymy. Preliminary problems is the first volume of three-volume treatise in the series Nomina loci created and published in the onomastic center in Lodz after the 18th International and Polish Onomastic Conference, abroad and comprehensive project supported by over one hundred Polish, Slavic and non-Slavic authors. The next two books in the series will be published under the titles: Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms in communication and literature and Geographical names in physical space. The present volume starts from the chapter that introduces the general and theoretical problems of microtoponymy and macrotoponymy as the fundamental categories of geonymy in its oico- and anoiconymyc dimension and focuses on the principal theses discussed within the book. The series of publications Nomina loci is supported by the Commission of Slavic Onomastics at the International Committee of Slavists, which promotes the latest achievements in onomastic research both in Slavic area and in other regions of the world, in all basic subdisciplines of onomastics: toponomastics, anthroponomastics, chrematonomastics, literary onomastics and onomastic theory. This first book Microtoponymy and macrotoponymy. Preliminary problems deals with the theses of toponomastic studies with necessary references to other areas of onomastics, what seems crucial from the theoretical point of view.

Żydzi w Biblii, czyli uporczywy anachronizm

Author(s): Tomasz Paweł Krzeszowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że używanie polskiego wyrazu „Żyd” i jego derywatów w odniesieniu do przedstawicieli „narodu wybranego” uczestniczącego w wydarzeniach opisanych w Starym i Nowym Testamencie jest anachronizmem językowym, gdyż wyraz „Żyd” w tym właśnie kształcie graficznym i fonetycznym powstał dopiero w średniowieczu. Dlatego używanie tego wyrazu w kontekście wydarzeń biblijnych jest niestosowne. Ten klasyczny anachronizm językowy jest o tyle zdumiewający, że stosują go nie tylko sami współcześnie żyjący Żydzi, gdy posługują się językiem polskim, ale także inni polscy specjaliści w dziedzinie judaistyki i biblistyki. Artykuł zawiera kilka przykładów rażąco anachronicznych polskich tłumaczeń fragmentów Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Można zaryzykować twierdzenie, że omawiany anachronizm w dużej mierze przyczynia się do kształtowania postaw antysemickich, zwłaszcza wśród niektórych wyznawców chrześcijaństwa. // The aim of the paper is to provide evidence for the claim that the Polish word ‘Żyd’ and its derivatives as used with reference to the “chosen people” taking part in the events described in the Bible is a linguistic anachronism. The word in its present graphic and phonetic shape had not come into existence before Middle Ages. As an anachronism it is inappropriate in the context of biblical events. Yet, it occurs not only in the language of contemporary Jewish people but also as an accepted term in biblical and Judaic studies. The article contains a number of examples of anachronistic Polish versions of the Bible. One can venture the claim that the anachronism in question significantly contributes to maintaining anti-Semitic attitudes, especially among certain groups of contemporary Christians.

Wybrane zagadnienia z frazeologii rosyjskiej wraz ze słownikiem rosyjskich jednostek stałych

Author(s): Agata Piasecka / Language(s): Russian,Polish

This publication directly refers to the problems raised in the “Phraseology of Contemporary Russian Language (functional and theoretical approach)”, which was published in 2021 by the University of Lodz Publishing House. Some issues were only outlined in the above-mentioned study. Now I have decided to present them in a more in-depth way, reaching for selected phraseological theories. The following issues are: the narrow and broad understanding of phraseology, the importance of phraseology in language teaching, the relationship between a proverb and classical phraseology in various phraseological theories, synonyms and lexical variants. The work combines the features of a monograph and a textbook, and therefore constitutes good assistance during the implementation of all types of academic courses with a linguistic or cultural profile, and together with the “Outline of Phraseology ...” it forms a compendium that every student of Russian philology should reach out for. The study may be helpful in the descriptive grammar of the Russian language during classes. The theoretical part has been prepared in two language variants and allows both novice Russian students and those who decide to continue their studies at the master's level to familiarize themselves with difficult linguistic problems. In the “Outline of Phraseology ...” I have included several dozen exercises that test the ability to use various phraseologies in everyday situations. Now, on the other hand, in addition to the not-so-numerous set of exercises, I have prepared a dictionary containing 1000 popular and frequently used permanent expressions which Russian language users eagerly reach for to add color and texture to their statements.

Products of Russian Visual Culture in the Treasury of Rakovica Monastery in Belgrade (17th – 20th Centuries).

Author(s): Ivana Ženarju Rajović / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

L’article présente une série d’icônes et d’objets liturgiques provenant du trésor du monastère Rakovica à Belgrade, en Serbie. Plusieurs exemples, datant de différentes périodes, témoignent de l’influence culturelle russe sur le milieu local serbe. Le monastère possède six icônes peintes dans le Palais des Armures du Kremlin à Moscou vers la fin du xviie siècle. Ces icônes, qui comptent parmi les témoins conservés les plus anciens, nous renseignent sur les relations serbo-russes au sein de la vie religieuse de Belgrade. D’innombrables guerres ont jalonné l’existence du monastère Rakovica, ce qui explique que le trésor soit aujourd’hui relativement modeste. Il comprend, par exemple, quelques icônes russes des xixe et xxe siècles, principalement des artefacts produits en série, sans valeur artistique significative. Toutefois, les revêtements en argent de trois de ces icônes nécessitent une analyse approfondie. Aussi, le trésor comprend-il plusieurs livres liturgiques imprimés à Moscou ou dans la Laure des Grottes de Kyïv, de même que deux objets liturgiques.

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2019

Chronicle of events.

Lühidalt

Author(s): Tiina Hallik,Brita Melts / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 4/2020

Reviews of: Die Ostsee. Berichte und Geschichte aus 2000 Jahren. Koost Klaus-Jürgen Liedtke. Köln: Galiani Berlin, 2018. 650 lk. Kadri Viires. Kaugelt näeb lähemale. Eesti Kunstiakadeemia uurimisreisid soome-ugri rahvaste juurde 1978–2012. [Tallinn:] Argo, Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, 2019. 335 lk.

Lühikroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2022

Chronicle of events.

Славянская арабскоалфавитная письменность литовских татар

Author(s): Galina Miškinene / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

Lithuanian Tatars’ manuscript tradition is a unique cultural phenomenon, which was born in XVI century, when Lithuanian Tartars lost their Turkic language, and it composed an exclusive heritage feature of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The scientific literature refers to four literary languages recorded in Lithuania Tartars’ manuscripts. These are Chorezm, Chagatai, old Ottoman and Crimean Tatar languages. Over the centuries, Tatars have not lost connection with their compatriots in the East. There is much information about Tartars’ trips to Istanbul, the Balkans and Mecca. However, inaptitude of the liturgical Arabic language and loss of the Turkic language was the reason why Lithuanian Tartars were constrained to change their religious literature into Old Belorussian and later into Polish. In this way, Lithuanian Tartars’ manuscript tradition was born, when Slavic text was written in the Arabic alphabet. One of the peculiarities of these manuscripts is that it is a multilingual monument. In manuscripts, beside the Slavic languages, there are many texts written in Arabic and old Ottoman words. Lithuanian Tartars’ writing tradition, little bit modified and modernized, remained till our days. At the end of XIX century Chamail written in Cyrillic alphabet appeared, whereas Kitab written by printing-machine in the Latin alphabet appeared in 1980s. The oldest Tartars’ manuscripts (kitabs, chamails, tefsirs and tedžvids), written in the old Belorussian and Polish languages in the Arabic alphabet, are dated back in the middle of XVII century. The meaning of the word kitab in the Arabic language is a book. However, kitab refers only to a very large size and scope of a book. Kitabs for Lithuanian Tartars had a great cultural and educational value. It was possible to learn from them about Muslim rituals, traditions, and access to popular hadith – stories about prophet Muhammed and his predecessors. There were also a lot of Eastern stories, folklore, sometimes biblical legends. Chamail (prayer-book) consists of prayer text written in the Arabic and Turkic languages and explanation of the text in old Belorussian and Polish. It is also possible to find knowledge about Muslim chronology, advices how to heal disease by praying, dreams interpretations, lucky and unlucky day predictions. Quran reading rules are stated in tedžvid. Tefsir is the Quran with narration between the lines and comments in Polish. It helps to understand content of the Scripture. All the written forms are equally important and reflect the unique Lithuanian Tartars’ culture and its links with other cultures.

Адаптация христианских имена карельским языком

Author(s): Denys Kuz'myn / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2018

VALUE CONSENSUS AND DISCREPANCY AMONG THE MAJOR ETHNOLINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES IN LATVIA: SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS

Author(s): Inese Šūpule / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this article, values are explored through the lens of differences and similarities in values and attitudes of the two major ethnolinguistic communities in Latvia. The paper examines the existence of a set of core values that is shared by (or at least equally widespread among) the Latvian and Russian-speaking communities in Latvia, as well as other values and attitudes that are still rooted primarily in people’s ethnic and/or linguistic self-identification. The value model used in the study is based on the model of Shalom Schwartz’s value theory (Schwartz 2012). The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey (2019) and European Values Survey (2021). The data analysis has been performed within the project “Value (trans)formation in uncertain times: social cohesion and neoliberal ethos in Latvia” (Nr. lzp-2020/2-0068).

Победените няма нужда да бъдат изучавани (Бележки върху процеси в германската славистика след падането на Берлинската стена)

Author(s): Blagovest Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

Crucial aspects and changes in German Slavic Studies since the Fall of Berlin Wall 1989 are addressed by a reconstruction of geopolitical circumstances and strategic political decisions in the sphere of university education in Federal Republic of Germany that have provided an institutional and staff matrix, which on its turn sharply reduce the scope and internal diversity of teaching programs and scientific research in the Slavic Departments.

The Cultural Dexterity of the Latvian Musical-Comedy Group Čikāgas Piecīši

Author(s): Inta Gale Carpenter / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2017

The article discusses the continued relevance of the Čikāgas Piecīši (The Chicago Five), an American-Latvian musical-comedy troupe that toured Latvian exile communities and performed in Soviet and post-Soviet Latvia over the span of some fifty years. It asks the question: Given the diverse and contentious nature of their global audiences, how did the Čikāgas Piecīši sustain their appeal and their authority as spokespersons for Latvians worldwide? Five sources fundamental to their success are identified and analysed. In their concerts, the Čikāgas Piecīši offered a lively new form of social communication to their audiences. While their biographies connected them with the culture and values of their elders, the cultural authenticity they brought to the stage foregrounded Latvian and American experiences and presented a more inclusive worldview than the one they had inherited. As they gently challenged prevailing boundaries, including those that forbade contact with Soviet Latvia, they changed the register for speaking about Latvian exile life by adding humour to the accustomed solemnity of community programming. Their work extended the notion of intertextuality beyond that of verbal texts to include musical sounds and images. My sources derive from participant-observation over many years, both in the Latvian community in Indianapolis and at Latvian Song Festivals in North America where the performances of the Čikāgas Piecīši were regular crowd pleasers. I consulted reviews and interviews published in the U.S. and in Latvia, articles in exile publications (such as the literary journal Jaunā Gaita), and conducted interviews with members of the group.

Из истории изучения старообрядчества северо-западной Беларуси (обзор литературы): современный этап

Author(s): Vladimir Ovseychik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

This article is the second part of the historiographical review of publications on the history, language and culture of the Old Believers of North-Western Belarus. It analyses this problematic in the modern period (1990–2022). The review presents characteristics of both Belarusian and foreign (Lithuanian, Polish, Russian) historiography. The modern period is marked by the growing interest to the Old Believers in Belarus. As a result, a considerable volume of historical, ethnographic, linguistic and art history research has been published. A significant part of these studies is devoted to the Old Believer population of North-Western Belarus. The paper defines the main directions of scientific analysis of this problematic, characterizes methods and sources of the conducted research. We conclude that in spite of a rather significant volume of published researches, a number of important questions concerning the history, language and culture of Old Believers of North-Western Belarus have not been elaborated by now.

Narrative Detection and Topic Modelling in the Baltics

Author(s): Eduard Barbu,Somnath Banerjee,Marija Isupova,Yukai Zeng / Language(s): English

Current techniques for topic modelling and narrative detection are optimised for English language content, primarily catering to English-centric or other widely spoken languages, and do not perform as well on less spoken languages. These less-spoken languages, including those of the Baltic region, often contain unique cultural and contextual nuances not captured well by models trained in major languages. This issue is compounded for less spoken languages, where the challenge of accurately capturing cultural nuances becomes even more pronounced, leading to inaccurate or incomplete analysis. In strategic communications, these limitations pose a significant challenge in effectively analysing the digital information environment. Furthermore, equalising strategic communications capabilities across allies is essential. As highlighted in our report, AI in Support of StratCom Capabilities, this research aims to bring parity in strategic communication tools and practices among allies. Disinformation transcends geographic boundaries, and technological limitations in the digital space necessitate the development of robust capabilities for defence against such challenges. This research aims to illuminate gaps in current methodologies that require further exploration and resolution. This report evaluates the potential of the languages of the Baltic States—Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian—for topic modelling and narrative detection. Specifically, we will focus on annotated datasets and open-source tools suitable for executing these tasks.

Tematyczny podział słownictwa współczesnego języka polskiego. Teoria, praktyka, leksykografia

Author(s): Barbara Batko-Tokarz / Language(s): Polish

© Copyright by Barbara Batko-Tokarz & Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.Tematem tej rozprawy jest opis teoretycznych i praktycznych problemówpodziału tematycznego słownictwa współczesnego języka polskiego. Główną inspiracją do zainteresowania się tą tematyką stała się praca przy tworzeniu Wielkiego słownika języka polskiego PAN (skrót WSJP PAN), pierwszegoprymarnie elektronicznego słownika ogólnego współczesnej polszczyzny.Tworzący jego koncepcję zdecydowali, że słownictwo w nim zgromadzonepowinno podlegać klasyfikacji tematycznej. Zadanie stworzenia zasad tematycznej klasyfikacji haseł słownikowych od samego początku powierzonezostało autorce tej rozprawy. Jak dotąd nigdzie nie została jednak dokładnie opisana koncepcja, która legła u podstaw tego przedsięwzięcia. Dlatego też główny temat niniejszej książki stanowi opis teoretycznych podstawi zasad ich tworzenia, a także prezentacja oryginalnego schematu klasyfikacyjnego przygotowanego przez autorkę specjalnie na potrzeby podziałutematycznego słownictwa współczesnej polszczyzny wraz z dokładnymi zasadami jego budowy. Trzeba podkreślić, że nie będzie to jednak opis tego,jak obecnie wygląda realizacja koncepcji klasyfikacji tematycznej w WSJPPAN, w którym znalazła ona praktyczne zastosowanie, ale przedstawieniepodstaw teoretycznych i praktycznych rozwiązań, które były niezbędne, byna potrzeby słownika współczesnej polszczyzny powstał podział tematycznyzgromadzonego w nim słownictwa. Choć koncepcja ta służy konkretnemudziełu leksykograficznemu, autorka potraktowała ją jako punkt wyjścia dobardziej uniwersalnej refleksji o tematycznym podziale słownictwa współczesnej polszczyzny.

Родина в библейских переводах XVI в., созданных на территории Речи Посполитой и Великого княжества Литовского

Author(s): Alla Kozhinowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 36/2024

W artykule dokonano analizy pojęcia ojczyzny w przekładach biblijnych z XVI wieku, powstałych na terenie Rzeczypospolitej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego na język polski – katolicka Biblia Leopolity (1561) i Jakuba Wujka (1599), protestancka Biblia Radziwiłłowska czyli Brzeska (1563), ariański przekład Szymona Budnego (Biblia Nieświeska, 1572) i cerkiewno-słowiański (Biblia Ostrogska, 1580–1581), a także w przekładzie hybrydowym Franciszka Skaryny (1517–1519). Twierdzi się, że pomimo różnic wyznaniowych i językowych tłumaczenia biblijne ujawniają dużą liczbę podobieństw. Podobieństwa te dają podstawy, by sądzić, że w XVI w. stanowił punkt zwrotny w rozwoju pojęcia ojczyzny, natomiast na jego kształtowanie się we współczesnym rozumieniu miały wpływ zarówno teksty Nowego, jak Starego Testamentu, lecz oddziaływały one w różny sposób.