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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS

Author(s): Gabriela Grotkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this paper is to estimate the adjusted sectoral wage gap in Poland and to examine its spatial differences in terms of the size of settlement units. In particular, a hypothesis that there is a negative relation between the public-sector wage premium and the size of a settlement unit is tested. We use a set of individual data from the representative survey Human Capital Balance (BKL) carried out in Poland for the period from 2010 to 2014. We apply the control function approach (both with homogeneous and heterogeneous impacts) to address the problem of selection mechanism. We show that, after controlling for structural differences in employment, generally there is a moderate positive premium related to public employment. However, this premium differs between types of settlement units, with public employment being most attractive in medium-sized cities. This may pose a challenge for the public sector regarding attracting highly qualified employees in the biggest cities. As a consequence, the efficiency of public-sector services provision (education, healthcare, administration) may be seriously threatened.

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Краса і квазікраса економічної доцільност

Author(s): Mykola Anatolyevich Zhurba / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2007

Сприймаючи справді прекрасне, людина не залишається простим споглядачем. Вона потребує нової інформації, яку жадає засвоїти, переробити. Явища і предмети навколишнього світу, оцінювані як прекрасне, перетворюються у свідомості в об'єкти емоційного відображення. Це є істотним моментом у виникненні мотивів людської діяльності. Емоції виступають як імпульс і напрямок подальшого пошуку інформації, стимулюючи роботу мозку. Естетичні переживання, хоча і визначені за змістом ззовні, завжди мають для особистості, що їх усвідомлює, характер чогось лише їй приналеж- ного, суб'єктивного.

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Wpływ współczesnego rynku na kształtowanie profilu człowieka jako pracownika

Author(s): Monika Maksymów,Dorota Stopka-Dziaduś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2012

Dynamic market situation, the speed of changes taking place, more and more increasing requirements and continued increase of the labor standards is causing the awareness for the companies; consequently drawing a desirable worker profile, fulfilling the requirements prescribed by the contemporary market. In the context of the other hand there is a phenomenon of taking an advantage of the employees in achieving the appropriate financial results and the dilemma whether the employee is only qualified worker force, or rather a complex social unit requiring the approach.

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Sytuacja osób bezrobotnych w wieku 50+ na przykładzie rynku pracy powiatów grodzkich województwa zachodniopomorskiego w latach 2005–2009

Author(s): Robert Talaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2012

The purpose of this article is to present differences and similarities of labour market in cities Szczecin, Koszalin and Świnoujście in the background of zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. At the beginning it deals with analysis of demographic potential mentioned cities. Furthermore, analysed characteristic of local labour market concentrates on selected categories of unemployment and moments of increase and decrease unemployed persons. Another part of article is devoted to analyze structure of unemployed persons after 50 years old in local labour market.

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Czynniki ograniczające efektywność aktywnej polityki rynku pracy wybrane kwestie

Author(s): Sławomira Kańduła,Ilona Kijek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2009

The purpose of this article is to identify powiat’s activity factors that influence the efficiency of the labor market policy. Beside the article tries to answer a question – what changes should be carry out to increase the efficiency. These issues are analyzed on the example of Employment Agency in Lomza.

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ИМПЛЕМЕНТАЦИЈА ЕВРОПСКОГ СОЦИЈАЛНОГ МОДЕЛА У РАДНО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО РЕПУБЛИКЕ МАКЕДОНИЈЕ

Author(s): Todor Kalamatiev,Aleksandar Ristovski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 68/2014

The European integration process accompanied by the harmonization of the EU member states’ legislation will inevitably lead to the establishment of a European social model which has a “sui generis” legal nature. European social model forms a part of the common legal heritage of the European countries and it can be defined as a system of values that include democracy and individual rights, free collective bargaining, market economy, equal opportunities for all, and social protection and solidarity. Subject of analysis in this paper are both, the essential components of the European social model such as: the social “acquis communautaire” and the European industrial relations. The social “acquis communautaire” is an integral part of the general “acquis communautaire” and it encompasses the regulations arising from the primary and secondary labour law legislation of the EU, decisions of the European Court of Justice and other legal measures of the European Union with a binding or non-binding legal nature. European industrial relations encompass the key features of the European trade union models as well as the types of social dialogue in different EU member states. This paper pays attention to a profound elaboration of the harmonization of two EU labour law directives with the Macedonian employment legislation. The first Directive (Directive 91/533/EEC of 14 October 1991 on an employers’ obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship) may be classified in the field of individual employment relations, while the second one (Directive 2002/14/EC of 11 March 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community) can be subsumed within the field of collective employment relations. Finally, the authors illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the Macedonian labour legislation in the process of harmonization with the relevant EU directives, indicating the possible areas for improvement of the quality of the labour regulations governing the individual and collective employment relations.

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Etyczne wymiary współczesnej pracy człowieka

Author(s): Waldemar Furmanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

The article discusses issues related to the value of human work. Work is considered as something more than just gaining revenues. Most of all, it carries multiple values which allows individuals to strive for self-development and improvement of his or her personality. Through work individual not only produces material goods, but also introduces intended and valuable changes in his or her environment. Working people should have a sense of dignity and freedom, be aware of their freedom, responsibility and sensitivity to their humanity subjected to the test of time in the phenomena of work. The article is an overview of the concept of work in terms of ethics.

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Praca człowieka w ujęciu Sørena Kierkegaarda a także badaczy polskich

Author(s): Stanisław Kaczor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

The article presents the views of S. Kierkegaard on work and other humanistic values. The author also refers to the views of Polish philosophers, who also dealt with the issue of work. The purpose of this article is to encourage the reader to further „studies” on philosophical meaning of their work.

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Osoby niepełnosprawne na rynku pracy

Author(s): Dominika Sozańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

This paper provides a possible answer to the question of why so few people with disabilities enter the labor market. Introductory remarks on the importance of work and being employed in human life are followed by different definitions of disability. By reference to the basic facts about employing people with disabilities in Poland, the author identifies and examines the obstacles that make it difficult for a disabled person to get a job. Along with architectural barriers in the workplace and unfavorable attitude of the employers, there is another factor that narrows down the range of job offers available to disabled individuals: an average level of education in this group of people, comparing to others, is lower. As a consequence, job and life opportunities for this social group remain significantly limited.

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Interpretacyjne osobliwości pracy ludzkiej

Author(s): Franciszek Szlosek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The article is an introduction to the contemporary understanding of the value and importance of human labor. As inspiration for the reflection is also an inspiration to explore issues and searches for answers to your question: How to work to educate the modern man?

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HUZUREVLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN TÜKENMİŞLİK DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Emre Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 9/2017

This work; it is a descriptive field study to determine the burnout levels of personnel working in nursing homes and the emotional burnout, depersonalization and personal achievement levels, which are the sub-dimensions of burnout and burnout, differ according to socio-demographic variables. The universe of the research constitutes 40 personnel from various occupational groups working in the Geriatric Elderly Care and Rehabilitation Center affiliated to the Bilecik Provincial Directorate of the Ministry of Family and Social Policy. As a data collection tool, "Personal Information Form" and "Maslach Burnout Scale" were used in the research. The study was conducted between October and November 2017. In the statistical evaluation of the data obtained from the research; Descriptive analysis is applied to show frequency analysis, percentile calculation, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. Correlation Analysis was used to calculate the direction and severity of the relationship between the two variables. As a result of the research; (8,87 ± 6,08), the level of depersonalization was low (4,21 ± 4,27), the level of personal achievement was high (21,84 ± 7,60), the average level of emotional exhaustion was low. There was a significant relationship between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p <0,05; r = 0,555) from the burnout level subscales of nursing home workers, while the level of depersonalization increased as the level of emotional exhaustion increased. the level of desensitization of nursing home employees showed a significant difference according to the duration of nursing care (p = 0.002 <0.05); the level of desensitization (9,50) of the employees who reside in the nursing home for 11 years and over is higher than the other employees; the level of personal achievement of the nursing home employees showed a significant difference according to the preference of the working part (p = 0,020 <0,05); (24,36) of the employees preferring the department / unit they work with is higher than the employees (18,15) by administrative appointment.

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Право на новчану накнаду за случај незапослености у Републици Српској

Author(s): Radislav Lale / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

The paper deals with right to financial compensation as the most important part of the system of material support of unemployed persons, based on mandatory social insurance, which is aimed at achieving material and social security of the unemployed persons, and stimulating. The author gives an explanation of the term, the conditions for the acquisition, the amount and duration, the suspension and termination of the right to financial compensation with special reference to the legislation of the Republic of Srpska. The author concludes that our legal system has over-stressed the importance of work years as a requirement for unemployment compensation eligibility. At the same time, it is not acknowledged that termination of work for the employee most probably equals the loss of means for a living. The scope of the right to compensation is rather small, while certain categories are denied this right: those who have never been employed and have never paid mandatory social insurance contributions, self-employed that cannot pay unemployment insurance etc. Furthermore, the category of unemployed population entitled to compensation is narrowly defined.

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Unemployment and Aggregate Demand in Spain

Author(s): Ondřej Čížek / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2017

The paper contributes to the existing literature by incorporating the Keynesian principle of weak aggregate demand into the basic search-matching model of unemployment in a simple and novel way. Multiple equilibrium unemployment rates emerge as a result of this modification. It is shown that output demand not only plays short-term role but might be essential in the long-run as well. This is because the initial fall in aggregate demand may cause unemployment rate to converge to a higher (long-run) equilibrium. All these aspects are illustrated for the Spanish labour market and it is shown that the model with multiple equilibrium unemployment rates outperforms the baseline standard search and matching model in its forecasting performance as well as in its ability to describe huge persistent swings in unemployment.

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Датският модел за пазар на труда – чудо или резултат от добре проведени реформи

Author(s): Mariana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The present paper presents an analysis of the success factors of the Danish labor market. Over the past 15 years, the labour market became popular with the implementation of the model, combining flexibility, security and active employment policies. Having characterised the development of the labor market in Denmark, the paper, regards the concept of the “golden triangle” of the Danish labor market, which lies in the foundations of its successful performance. The paper examines the dynamics of investments that the country has undertaken in active labour market policies (mainly in training and retraining) throughout the years to see how this choice helps out in reducing structural unemployment and achieving adaptable workforce in the long run of the Danish labor market. A critical factor for the success of the labor market policy are the governance and the reforms of the institutional system, including the Ministry of Employment, Employment and recruitment agency and local job centers. The paper ends with conclusions about the main engines of development and improvement of the Danish labor market.

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Trajectories in the Czech Labour Market: The Role of Information-processing Skills and Education

Author(s): Martina Koutná,Michal Janíčko / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

The article assesses the role of information-processing skills and education in people’s labour market trajectories in the Czech Republic in the period of economic recovery from 2011/2012 to 2015. We examine the extent to which literacy and numeracy and formal and informal education influenced changes in the stability of individuals’ employment and their income mobility, incorporating polarisation and segmentation perspectives. The analysis is conducted using a unique combination of Czech PIAAC data and a follow-up survey. The findings show that formal education compared to information-processing skills and further education is by far the most important factor of change in a person’s position in the labour market while the role of skills is only limited.

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Рецепција и критика Манифеста Комунистичке партије

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2018

This paper aims to contribute to better understanding the reception and criticism of the Manifesto of the Communist Party through its turbulent history. Debates and controversies about its significance and topicality are raging still, since its very publication in 1848. Some have accepted it, praised it and seen it as the single best written political text and programme document relevant in today’s neoliberal globalization. The others have disputed and rejected it, since it was turned into a criminal ideology and practice that can be blamed for over 100 million deaths in the 20th century. The author of this text critically evaluates these two extreme points of view. First he assesses the impact of the Manifesto on social movements and political struggles since mid-19th century until the end of the 20th century, followed by the analyses of limitations and contradictions of some of Marx’s concepts from the Manifesto that led to a crisis and rejection of Marxism in late 20th century, as a conceptual and theoretic platform for the action of the working-class and other emancipation movements. In the conclusion, the author points out that the attitude towards the Manifesto has largely depended on the rise and fall of working-class and other emancipation movements in Europe and worldwide. The said work is still significant today for theoretical research and social and political reconsideration. Many of its concepts and formulations are outdated indeed, but their overall spirit has not lost its relevance, making the Manifesto of the Communist Party still an impetus for progressive powers in their struggle for more humanist world.

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Kierunki zmian tożsamości polskiego prawa urzędniczego

Author(s): Wojciech Drobny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The creation of professional civil service, operating on the foundation of axiological objectives of the democratic state is a complex and long-drawn-out process. Polish experiences in this respect are not minute as the origins of the civil service date back as far as the interwar period. Whereas the first civil service practice was established in 1996 and included the regulations clearly inspired by the Polish experience of the interwar period as well as Western-European solutions in this respect. The legislator was in favour of the career system, setting up the service of the public interest. The legislator defined the major aim of the institution establishment as well, whose main objective was to assure in the government administration offices professional, reliable, impartial, politically-neutral execution of the state tasks. Two years later, the bill was replaced with another practice. In the light of the 1998 Bill, the concept of the institution was adopted. The legislator proposed a mixed model of civil service, which means that the model comprised elements of career and positions model with the prevailing role of the latter. Another Bill on Civil Service from 2006, in the assessment of the doctrine, ruined former achievements of the Polish legislation in the area of civil service. The civil service corps, existing under the rule of the Bill, was stripped of managerial positions. The developed system of civil service organization was liquidated by abolishing the position of the Head of Civil Service and their office. Therefore, in 2008 the legal act was aptly rescinded, replacing it with the bill particularly restoring the position of the Head of Civil Service as well as higher positions in the civil service itself. Nevertheless, that legal act also includes major flaws disqualifying itself from positive assessment. Thus, in the period of less than twenty years, the subject matter in question has been regulated by four completely different legal acts which violates the foundations of a law governed state and definiteness of law. Such changes, with every subsequent entry of a new practice, had a negative effect on practical functioning of the Civil Service Corps and, at the same time, the realization of state tasks.

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Pracownicze programy emerytalne wybranych państw europejskich – analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Joanna Niżnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The aim of this paper is to present and to evaluate the importance of occupational pension programs in financing pension benefits in chosen European countries. The first part offers a brief summary of the overall structure of the public pension system and the private occupational pension schemes in Denmark, the Netherlands and Norway. The second part focuses on the influence of this construction on the volume and the structure of pension expenditures and replacement rates. Against this background, the key elements of the proposals of the mandatory occupational capital plans in Poland are discussed.

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MAIN DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH LABOUR MARKET IN SELECTED SEE COUNTRIES AND THE CASE OF MACEDONIA

Author(s): Predrag Trpeski,Marijana Cvetanoska / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The aim of this paper is to elabourate the youth on the labour market in selected South-East European countries with special emphaisis on Macedonia and particular reference to their present state. The analysis of Macedonian youth employment is accomplished with their educational and economic structure. The situation of the global youth employment remains unstable. Problems of long job progression and a lack of stable employment for youth exist almost all around the world. As a part of the labour force, young people can significantly contribute for increasing the economic development of the country with their knowledge and abilities. Methods of analyses and synthesis, deduction and induction, as well as descriptive statistics and comparison methods will be implemented in this research. The situation of young people on the labour market in Macedonia is illustrated by paralleling with labour market indicators at national level, as well as with South-East European countries. Recent researches show that many youth in the SEE region are not active in the labour market and Macedonian youngsters aged between 15 and 24 years old are more likely to be unemployed compared to the other age groups. Labour market in Macedonia is characterized by a relatively low activity of youth. The youth activity rate in Macedonia is lower than the European Union and the average activity rate in Western Balkan countries.

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A labour market without boundaries? Integration paths for young journalists in French-speaking Belgium

Author(s): Olivier Standaert / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (1)/2018

This study aims to describe the growing influence of flexibility rationales on the early careers of young, francophone Belgian journalists. The study on the integration of new journalists enables us to grasp how the destandardisation of the beginnings of a career creates new identity forms in part distanced from the traditional values that had managed to make journalism a job that was distinct, recognised and more or less solidly positioned in the social sphere. At its most extreme, flexible rationale acts as a key factor in the increasingly frequent divide between a job and work. After having established these observations through a longitudinal study of a body of young journalists, the study analyses the impact of flexible rationales in the identity forms and the theoretical issue of boundaries between journalism and others business sectors.

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