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The issue of social pathology is a multilayered topic which goes through a series of disciplines. It can be perceived mainly as a sociological topic. The paper presents the contexts of other disciplines which define the issue such as social deviations, respectively from the viewpoint of psychology and pedagogy as risk behaviour. The paper points to three possible views on social pathology. The first view is social pathology as a set of phenomena which are perceived as problematic by the society (deviating from the behaviour according to the norms of the society). The second view is social pathology as a field of study preparing graduates for the prophylaxis and treatment of pathologically social phenomena. The third view is social pathology as a study subject concerning not only the students of socially oriented fields but mainly the students who are to become teachers. They often tend to be important sources of social support and possible actors in the process of searching for and elimination of pathological phenomena in the period of childhood and adolescence.
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In this paper, we present two researches which focused on the attitudinal and behavioural attributes of the sexuality of mentally handicapped persons and on its socio-cultural and ethical contexts. It presents a comparative research probe into the moral preferences regarding parenthood and procreation of the mentally handicapped as perceived by professional staff of the Social Service Centres (SSCs) and by the teachers of special primary schools in Slovakia. We, specifically focus on the description of particular research findings which involve moral preferences regarding parenthood and procreation of the mentally handicapped as perceived by the professional SSC staff and by teachers of special primary schools which were obtained using a part of the standardized ASQ – Attitudes to Sexuality Questionnaire (Individuals With An Intellectual Disability) from authors Cuskelly and Gilmore (2007). The research findings show that the moral preferences regarding parenthood and procreation of the mentally handicapped are mostly negative, even if compared to the professional SSC staff, the teachers of special schools prefer the right to procreation and parenthood more.
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The submitted article addresses the issue of professionalization of prevention in school environment as a key topic looked into by the disciplines whose force field is risk behaviour prevention. It addresses the topic from the perspective of current studies, making comparison with experience from the Slovak environment and with challenges set by so called General Educational Programs. A self-standing challenge for the improvement of theory and practice consists in the education of the teachers dealing with prevention. Finally, the article sets the challenges to be addressed with respect to professionalization of prevention in school environment in relation to the actual teachers implementing the prevention, to legislative stipulation of prevention (including a potential profession of social educator), but also to coordination of prevention with other entities.
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Evaluation development of motor skills in the context of the assessment evaluation tools is very complicated issue. The aim of this study was analysis and comparison of three assessment diagnostic tools with BOT-2. The OTDP, TGMD-2 and MABC-2 are the most widespread tools for exploring of psychomotor development of children and adults with the standard norms for Czech population. Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) batteries for Czech conditions has not been standardized yet. The Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) showed the best design in the test’s structure in comparison to three diagnostic tools. The BOT-2 has in the psychomotor test the widest age range of probands. Besides BOT-2 achieves a high validity and reliability (0,90 to 0,97). Other advantage, which was realized, is using the short form of the test battery, called Short Form. Because of this reasons we believe the Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) should be a part of standardized assessment tools, which evaluate the psychomotor development in the Czech environment.
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The study analyses a collection of seven historical short-stories by Mirek Elpl Tři zlaté poháry (Three Gold Goblets; 1940). It tries to describe the collection’s subject matter and valid actualisation aspects, and accentuate the timelessness of its testimony (achieved mainly by focusing on the inner worlds of the fictional characters and their psychology). The study also addresses the dominant motifs of the work and its formal aspects, paying special attention to the lyrical and dramatic dimensions of the texts. In tales situated in from the history of the royal town of Ivančice, taking place between the 14th and 18th centuries, Mirek Elpl demonstrates a great poetic insight into past times and his ability to convey literary settings in a suggestive manner. His unrightfully forgotten short-story collection represents the most artistically valuable branch of historical fiction written in the period of the Second World War – combining lyrical prose with psychological insight.
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Knut Hamsun, one of the most famous Scandinavian novelists of the first half of the 20th century, represents with his pro-Nazi opinions and sympathies a long-term challenge to Norwegian literature, culture and society. My paper reflects the ambiguity of Hamsun’s personality and texts during the most significant reception phases from 1945 until today. Against the backdrop of the controversial medical report written by psychiatrist Gabriel Langfeldt, Knut Hamsun published a literary diary, his last book ever, On Overgrown Paths (På gjengrodde Stier, 1949) where he criticizes the psychiatrists and the judges. By contrast, psychiatrist Leo Eitinger, born in former Czechoslovakia and Holocaust survivor, extended and enriched the professional perspective with the dimension of personal experience.
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The purpose of this work is the presentation of the questionnaire of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards the Children with Disabilities (SE-PETE-D), which should be used in the future to identify self-efficacy of the students of the teacher training in physical education. At the same time will be also presented the results of a pilot study of standardization of this questionnaire in the conditions of the Czech environment. A key concept of questionnaire is self-efficacy. and introduced its the Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura (1997). A pilot study and comparison encompass bachelor students took part in the teaching of physical education, students of bachelor studies in adapted physical education and students of the follow-up master degree in adapted physical educatio
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The aim of this work is to study the phenomenon of suicide of seniors in the context of PBSP needs. The suicidality of seniors is a serious problem and it can be assumed that its importance will increase as a result of aging of population. I tried to find out which PBSP needs are in the largest deficit in sucidal threatened seniors and how to describe the phenomenon of suicidality of elderly people. This dissertation project was realized in the form of a qualitative research study, namely the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis, the principle of which is the study of living human experience and its individualized meaning, supplemented by other relevant research methods. The primary source of data was semi-structured interviews with seniors who had suicidal thoughts, tendencies, or attempts. This research confirmed that every need of a suicidal senior can be detected by the PBSP system and then use it to better understand how to work with this individual. The need, which respondents had in the biggest deficit, was the need of place (doubt about one’s own place in the world, loneliness, and the loss of meaning). It also turned out that suicidal ideas of seniors, no matter how many actually acts suicidal, unexpectedly high. The risk and safety factors, that this research has shown, correspond with previously established facts. In eventual subsequent follow-up research projects, it would be interesting to find out, for example, whether the work with PBSPs will ease or reverse suicidal thoughts. For practice, it has become necessary to create a manual for direct care workers on how to respond and act when a senior expresses suicidal.
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Je možné usuzovat u silných odpůrců uprchlictví na větší zastoupení či převahu paranoidně schizoidní úrovně psychiky (dle M. Kleinové) než u smířlivěji uvažujících Evropanů? Mohou někteří ze sympatizantů s uprchlíky vykazovat projevy štěpení mající zdroj v téže paranoidně schizoidní pozici, máme-li na mysli hlavně tu část sympatizantů, kteří se zapojují do debat s odpůrci imigrace nebo se ve věci jinak aktivně angažují? Jakou roli hraje v problematice uprchlické krize úzkost? Je možné tuto bezprecedentní situaci, jíž Evropané čelí, zvládnout bez uchýlení se k primitivním psychickým obranám?
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Zpráva ze stáže na Psychotherapeutische Praxisstelle des Instituts für Psychologie der Universität Bern
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Ve dnech 31. 7.–4. 8. 2013 se v kongresových prostorách pražského Hiltonu konal 48. světový kongres mezinárodní psychoanalytické asociace (IPA). Po dlouhých 77 letech se tak světová psychoanalýza vrátila prostřednictvím 2200 psychoanalytiků z 30 zemí zpět do Čech. [...]
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The review of: Köhler, Thomas: Medizin für Psychologen und Psychotherapeuten. 3. vydání, Stuttgart: Schattauer GmbH, 2014, s. 359. ISBN 978-3-7945-2933–9
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The influence of emotion on thoughts, memories, behaviors and everyday decisions is currently being researched across multiple disciplines of psychology. Children and adolescents are not born with the skills needed to regulate their emotions; these skills are something learned over time. However, some children are never properly taught these skills, which can cause difficulties in the school environment because they are more likely to experience problems both academically and behaviorally. This paper explores the possible benefits of offering mental health services in schools that are focused towards promoting emotional health while also developing emotional regulation skills for children. Beginning with the ways in which children learn to express their emotions and the factors that contribute to an inability to express emotion appropriately, to the influence of emotions on academic performance, how emotional regulation skills can benefit academic success, how we can best build these emotional regulation skills in the school setting, discussion of Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) which is an example of a service that could be used, the importance of parental involvement when offering these types of services and concluding with possible obstacles that could interfere with the effectiveness of these services in the school setting
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The following paper focuses on the phenomenon of risk behaviour, which is particularly associated with young people and is perceived as potentially damaging to the biopsychosocial health of individuals behaving in a risky fashion, or as a potential danger to the integrity of their immediate social environment. In a strict sense, the paper endeavours to characterise issues regarding risk phenomena online/in cyberspace, which have become prominent and may be viewed as analogous to real world risk phenomena. The contribution also contains the results of a pilot screening of university students’ online risk behaviour, which focused primarily on general categories of risk behaviour (rather than the individual risk phenomena within these categories).
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Correctional-penitentiary programs are nowadays a basis for the impact of social rehabilitation in penal institutions. The article presents the sense and assumptions of the creation and implementation of correctional programs, as well as some selected opinions of officers on the implementation and effectiveness of the programs. The final part of the article includes methodical and didactic guidelines
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I came to teaching social work classes slowly and in mid-career. I had never aspired to teach, and, if I am honest, I never thought of myself as a teacher. I had worked as a college counselor and a trainer for business and industry, but not as a full-time professor. In the early days of teaching, I struggled because my orientation differed from the traditional format of college teaching. My philosophy was rooted in the concepts of andragogy, the field of adult learning, as espoused by the late Malcolm Knowles.
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Na zahtjev demokratskoga stvaralaštva ili svih koji su aktivno sudjelovali na zajedničkim izlaganjima potrebno nam je istražiti praktične i teoretske posljedice društvene arhitekture znanja. Praktične i teoretske: veznik postaje bitan ako kriza dovede u sumnju vezu između vlasti i izlaganja, pošto je prvi put nastupila osporavajući znanja koja opskrbljuju društveni život operativnim instrumentom i objašnjenjem, alatom i slikom (psihologija, sociologija itd.). Opasno odvajanje onoga što se govori od onoga što se radi1 traži djelo koje ne zanemaruje teoriju - političku znanost, studij društva, ekonomiju ili povijesne i kulturne koncepcije. Odnos teorije i akcije/prakse osporila je simbolična svibanjska revolucija (1968.) i otuda dolazi taj njegov globalni karakter: tiče se svega kad se posumnja u odnos društva prema njegovu vlastitu sustavu reprezentacije. Svibanjski događaji nisu priča nekoga fantoma, nije slika koja se pokrenula u nekom trenutku na tepihu svakodnevice. Problem strukture otvoren je odjeljivanjem znanja i činjenja. Preispitujemo se o našim koncepcijama, koje su odjednom kao prekrivane sjenom, stvarnošću koju su vjerovale da opisuju. Izgleda da djelovanje upravlja znanjima koje smo do sada smatrali postojanima i određenima. Kulturalna organizacija u sporu je s našom podjelom na sektore u kojima se prilagođuje znanje i sektore u kojima se ostvaruje proizvodnja - proširivanjem kritike koja, u svibnju 1968., cilja na podjelu između studenata i radnika. Jedan novi »nemir« pomaknuo je temelje našega društva.
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Music is a complex phenomenon that has accompanied humanity since its inception by adopting multiple forms. The compositional act itself can be defined, in a broad sense, as the processing of a certain musical content springing from the infinite cognitive processing of the individual. In the trials of history on humanity, music receives spiritual valences, becoming an auditory vehicle with strong healing meanings. The first references to the role that music played during an epidemic throughout history can be found during the Renaissance when Europe, especially Italy, was devastated by the plague. The composers inserted in the madrigals and motets of the time different rhetorical figures with reference to the landmark events of the period. What was the purpose of these insertions in the musical material? How can music help us through its own means and methods to cooperate with the negative effects that a global pandemic brings to the sphere of human consciousness?
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