Естествени видове и емергентни характеристики. Натуралистки опит за консолидиране на двата концепта

Author(s): Kaloyan Nechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The specialized understanding of natural kinds (NK) has a theoretical impact on the concept of emergent properties (EP) in particular, as well as on the understanding of the phenomenon of emergence as a whole. The problem is closely related to the tendencies towards their essentialization and theoretical demarcation. The theoretical tension is inevitably manifested in the attempts to consolidate the two concepts, which are generally considered in essentialist terms. A naturalistic, non-essentialist, approach could integrate them into a unified theoretical method, avoiding the problems of their traditional analysis. In the article, NK will be considered as reaction clusters, and EP as complexes of reaction clusters. Both will be directly related to the introduced concepts of reaction potential and stability. The relationship between these concepts will be defined and operationalized, thus explicating the result, considering the phenomenon of emergence as enhancing the reaction potential of a given structure or a complex system, which is in a proportional relation to its net stability.

Cultural Identity as Security and a Philosophy of Development for Africa: Reflections on Amilcar Cabral

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu,Felix Olatunji / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper looks at the problem of national and human security in many parts of Africa today, seen in the inability of most governments to guarantee the adequate protection, peace and well-being of the citizens due in part to foreign dominating ideas. Cabral in his cultural and political thought offered philosophical insights and applied culture to the analysis of security for modern Africa. His theory of security is build upon the struggle for liberation from the colonial ordinance and his philosophy of identity is based on a combination of theory and praxis in the pursuit of reality. This requires the unearthing of the deep cultural roots and causes of things. This harmonization of interests is not just between men and men, but also between men and nature. The question is; what principles and values can best facilitate the crucial sense of security in most African societies?

Периодизация на българската средновековна история

Author(s): Georgi N. Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article presents for the first time theoretical argumentation for the periodization of Bulgarian medieval history. The attempts for such periodization, which are reflected in the content and structure of the summarized scientific publications on the history of medieval Bulgaria from the end of the 19th century to the present day, are reviewed. It has to be concluded that state-political history is a dominant marker. The lower boundary of the Bulgarian medieval history goes back to the time from the earliest history of the Bulgarians and Slavs before the Great Migration of the Peoples, and the upper boundary is the end of the XVII century. In conclusion, the Bulgarian medieval history can be divided in three main periods: Early, High and Late Middle ages.

Към ранната история на едно българско книжовно средище: възникване и развитие на Аджар според османски данъчни регистри от XVII век

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

An attempt to throw light on the early history of Adzhar village,today’s Svezhen, based mainly on four unpublished Ottoman tax registers, is made in the article. The author claims that the earliest documents discovered so far about the existence of Adzhar as a settlement date from the first decades of the XVII century. The village was first mentioned on the pages of an abridged avarız-register from the years 1621 – 1622. Data about the presence of large summer pastures and sheepfolds in the region of Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain as early as the 16th century show that the foundation of the village can be related to the good conditions for livestock breeding of a peaceful place in the depths of the mountain. It is very likely that part of the inhabitants of Adzhar had been dzheleps, who bred sheep and other cattle for the food needs of the big cities, the army and the Sultan’s Palace. Asa result, raw materials including sheep wool and sheepskins led to the development of a number of crafts.The Orthodox Bulgarian population of Adzhar grew rapidly. Due to the demographic and economic development, a significant literary centre was created there for transcribing and illustrating liturgical books. A church with two priests was built in the village. There is information that in the second half of the 17th century sheep-breeding, crafts such as goat hair processing (mutafcılık) and tailoring, as well as trade and transportation of goods (in exchange of payment – kiracılık)developed in Adzhar.

„Тракийски танци“ на Петко Стайнов – от историческите архиви до присъствието в съвременните учебници по музика в общообразователното училище

Author(s): Penka Marcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Тhe article presents an exploration of the “life” of one of the 20th century's symbolic symphonic works in Bulgarian musical culture – composer Petko Staynov’s “Thracian Dances” suite. The starting point of this study is research into some of the archival documents related to the work’s first performance in 1927. The next stage goes through the analysis of the piece’s presence in textbooks from the last third of the last century to the adoption of the Law on Pre-school and School Education. The final stage of this study is focused on the presence of the work and the educational context it is linked to in some of the contemporary Bulgarian textbooks.

Чуждоезикова сугестопедия в училище

Author(s): Galya Mateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The present article focuses on the long standing experimental work of suggestopedia in the area of foreign language teaching at school. It surveys the specific ways of structuring the teaching materials and teaching process for different age groups (first to seventh grade of the Bulgarian school) in compliance with the principles and methods of suggestopedia. It reveals the original character of the main application areas of school suggestopedia related to integrated language and subject teaching (grade one), accelerated formation of initial reading skills in L2 (grade two), the introduction of concert sessions and subsequent activities for children (grades two to seven), the global-artistic approach aimed at developing cultural and communicative competence of learners (grades VI – VII). The experience of the classical period tests its validity against some recent developments of ELT school suggestopedia.

Gender and Existential Dimensions of Man in the Era of Globalization and Philosophical Education

Author(s): Nazip Khamitov,Svitlana Krylova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article analyzes the gender and existential dimensions of man in the age of globalization and their reflection in philosophical education. Philosophical education aims to actualize criticality, creativity, humanism – a philosophical worldview that becomes a counteraction to any consciousness manipulation. It is proved that philosophical education in a democratic society is always a science – teaching and mastering philosophical knowledge is necessarily supplemented by philosophical creativity. The answer to the challenges of gender innovation and transhumanism is, above all, teaching and research in the field of philosophical anthropology, which becomes a meta-anthropology and promotes the concepts of gender partnership and androgynism.

Педагогическите възгледи на старозагорски митрополит Методий Кусев (1838 – 1922) и неврокопски митрополит Борис Разумов (1888 – 1948)

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The paper investigates the pedagogical views of two distinguished bishops from the most recent history of the Bulgarian Church – Metropolitan Methodius Kusev and Metropolitan Boris Nevrokopski. On the basis of comparative analysis the important moments of their Church ministry have been traced, as well as life in the background of the age in which they lived as factors that influenced their pedagogical views. The two bishops identify three important factors in the educational process: faith, family and school. According to them, the influence of materialistic views in the educational process leads to the destruction of the Bulgarian school and society, as a result of which the school only educates without bringing up.

Себеоценка при ученици от седми клас: влияние на его състоянията и образованието на родителите

Author(s): Sezgin Bekir,Ergyul Tair / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article presents results of a research of the influence of ego states and parental education on the self-esteem of seventh grade students. The sample includes 339 students from 13 to 15 years. The obtained results represent the dominance of the Natural Child ego-state and Nurturing Parent ego state, manifested by characteristics such as attachment, amiability, adaptability and spontaneity. The self-esteem of the students that took part in the survey is rather average, as higher education degree of the parents defines higher self-esteem in adolescents. The results show significant effect of the Adult ego-state, Natural Child and Nurturing Parent ego- states, along with the education of the father on adolescent self-esteem. The personal characteristics of spontaneity, organization, logical thinking, persistence, conscientious and productivity, along with the education level of the father, slightly but significantly increased the self-esteem of the students. The obtained results are applicable in individual and group work with students to develop their personal qualities and self-confidence, as prerequisites for improving their academic achievement, social relationships and mental well-being.

Нова концептуална и систематична трансцендентална антропология

Author(s): Assen I. Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Kanawrow's anthropology traces the transcendental-phenomenological path of the formal-rational construction of human being. It is constructed by virtue of the creative activity of thinking and is not identical with the immediate existence of man as a natural, rational and social being. The pure form of thinking (reason) rationally formats the givenness of the immediacy of man, as the synthetic unity of the obtained result is ontologically presented as being of man. Two points are critically important. First, the immediate existence of man as a natural, reasonable and social being is not obliterated or destroyed. It is a permanent basic prerequisite that unendingly and sustainably accompanies human existence. Second, in the critical version, the rational formatting takes place not directly and brutally, but indirectly, transcendentally, through phenomena. On the a priori-posterior portal, phenomena (transcendental schemes, Kant) are born. They are not equivalent to experiences. In the field of experience, phenomena mediate and exert cognitively and ontologically the constructive power of reason. Many phenomena make up the transcendental and the process of transcendentalization. According to Kanawrow, transcendental phenomena are space-time-number, love, language, politics, freedom and religion (other phenomena may be revealed, as well). They have a spontaneous occurrence in the a priori-posterior transition of pure thinking and a playful manifestation in the field of experience. In this transcendental-phenomenological way, based on the immediate givenness of man (natural being, gender, emotions, communication, cohabitation, consciousness, faith, etc.), Kanawrow shows how reason ontologically builds human being as an organism, family, people, state, spirit , church and more. In this ontological typicality, one is simultaneously a body, husband/wife, individual, citizen, personality, layman, etc. According to Kanawrow, the unity of these modes of being of man is the Self. It is a synthetic philosophical picture of man that is alternative to his existence.

Балканската политика на „Отел Ламбер“ и установяването на Източната агенция в Цариград (1831 – 1842)

Author(s): Aleksandar Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article dwells into the ideological development and evolution of the Balkan policies of Adam Czartoryski’s Hôtel Lambert – one of the Polish political camps in exile, represented by the conservative-liberal and monarchic ideas. The geopolitical changes in Europe at the end of 1830’s forced Czartoryski and his émigré camp in Paris to shift their political concepts. As a culmination of that new course, Hôtel Lambert established a permanent Eastern Agency in the Ottoman capital, which was headed by the Polish agent Michał Czajkowski. And it is no coincidence, since after the second Ottoman Egyptian Crisis the East was no doubtfully established as a focal geopolitical point.

Османското наследство в имената на пловдивските улици от Освобождението до наши дни

Author(s): Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article traces the Ottoman urban toponymy and Turkish language influence over the street names in Plovdiv. This heritage is evident from the all periods of the contemporary Bulgarian history till the present. The Turkish local names are widely accepted in contemporary Bulgarian language and space mentality.

Обобщение и перспектива на изследванията върху груповия профил на жертвите на Катинското клане

Author(s): Witold Wasilewski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article describes the community of victims of the Katyn massacre, executed pursuant to the decision of the BP KC WKP (b) of 5 March 1940 The camp list was dominated by military and police officers and the prisons list was mostly civilian prisoners. The most important elaborations of the collective lists of victims were presented and also selected parts of the community were described, among others, in terms of profession or origin from a specific area of Poland. The author presented the state of research regarding the national composition of the community, and after having compared the information with Soviet documents, presented his view of the problem. The article emphasized that most of the victims of the 1940 murders were officers of the Polish Army and officers of the State Police and members of smaller uniformed formations. The fact that they belonged to these groups was determined as sufficient criterion qualifying them for extermination. The author provided statistics on the number of victims from individual uniformed formations and put forward the demand for further research regarding the various groups of those killed. Finally, he outlined a group portrait of the victims of the 1940 crimes, in terms of the most important criteria from the point of view of the Soviet authorities and historical sociology. In conclusion, it was found that the collective profile of the victims of the Katyn massacre were strongly defined by two distinctive features:service to the Polish state and attachment to Polish character.

Image of the Other in Teaching History: Humanistic Potential of the Intersubjective Approach

Author(s): Svitlana Hanaba / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Understanding the socio-cultural significance of the experience of the past in solving the problems of the present causes a growing interest in historical education and focuses on finding effective methodological approaches to translating knowledge about the past through education. One such approach is an intersubjective approach. The paper deals with the humanistic potential of an intersubjective approach to understanding the Other and fostering the ability to compromise through historical education. A well-considered attitude towards the Other, an inner interest and understanding of the significance of the other presence implies that in the social deprivation of hostility, the inadmissibility of domination and oppression in my Self of the world of the Other Being will be deprived. Both are understood as correlates of intersubjective constitution of reality. In dialogue interaction Otherness is not subordinated, it is assigned to my Self, it remains an “insoluble” individuality. Content analysis of history books of Ukraine has shown that they are conceptually sustained, lacking stereotyped and impartial assessments of the racial, ethnic, cultural nature of the Other. However, ambiguous historical events involving different peoples and states are not alternatively presented. The narrative in the textbook undoubtedly should be the Ukrainian ethnic group as the core of national history. At the same time, using the anthropological and territorial principles as the core of the story, the textbook should strive for Ukraine to be perceived as space where other ethnic communities whose existence is an integral part of Ukrainian history reside alongside Ukrainians. Relevant in overcoming the false image of historical education is the development of the ability to think critically about historical facts, to give them their own judgment. Understanding of the historical process from the point of view of an intersubjective approach will contribute to the formation of a person’s tendency to cultural tolerance, tolerance and dialogue with the Other, the realization that the Other is also entitled to a mistake or his own ratio, the ability to see the world in all its diversity and uniqueness.

В новите броеве на списанията на издателство „Аз-буки“ четете

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

Reading Comprehension – a Problem for the Pedagogical Students

Author(s): Tanya Borisova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

The article raises the question of the reading literacy of the pedagogical students, future teachers in the initial stage of the primary-school education. It is a natural continuation of a study on the reading literacy of mature students who have crossed the threshold of the higher school. The skills to read and interpret scientific texts related to the work of the future teacher are discussed. Their skills for tabular presentation of text information, as well as the skills for its interpretation according to the PISA levels are also studied. Correlations are sought at the high levels of understanding related to the analysis and subsequent reflection on a given text.

Практики на взаимодействие между родители и специалисти за работа с деца в контекста на държавния образователен стандарт за приобщаващото образование

Author(s): Tsveta Delcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

A variety of activities for influencing and support are applied when coping with the problematic behavior of a child or student, and alleviating the difficulties that a student encounters in the educational process. The standard requires that schools and kindergartens form teams to support the personal development of children. Involving the parents or the people who take care of the child when carrying out the activities to support the personal development of the child guarantees the good results of those activities. The general support of the personal development aims at developing the potential of each child or student in kindergarten or school. In the context of the standard for inclusive education, the author develops and presents a mechanism for practical training for working with parents to the needs of the education of students in pedagogical subjects, and Social Pedagogy in particular. Competencies for teamwork (in cross-institutional teams for general care and support as well as in order to work effectively with colleagues) and networking are formed. Such competencies are required in the future professional realization as pedagogical advisors or social workers.

Граматически игри, Синтактичната игра Питанките на МеСиЗа: създаване и хоризонти на очакване

Author(s): Petya Barkalova,Iva Nedeleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The paper presents an attempt to gamify the process of teaching Bulgarian syntax. It is based on a university course in Modern Bulgarian Syntax for the philological and educational programs in the Department of Philology at the University of Plovdiv. The theoretical model of the sentence follows the rules of the phrase structure. The main principle of language analysis, which is presented as a game, is focused on the sentence structure in Bulgarian. The skills for presenting structural graphic representations are being developed. The function of words as parts of the sentence are presented through syntactic projections which are being configured by the students and this develops their critical thinking. The authors provide students with a completely new educational tool by creating the pilot version of 'The MeSiZa's Questions' /grammar game for Meta Language Symbolic Representation/. Scientifically, the implications belong to the e-Science paradigm. The authors offer a further collaboration and partnership to the teachers in Bulgarian language to apply this innovative approach, i.e the use of grammar games, into school teaching practice.

ASSESSMENT OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONS – DATA FROM AN INVESTIGATION IN SUCEAVA COUNTY

Author(s): Elena Bujorean / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2019

Our work is based on a common sense observation of the relational difficulties betweenparents and teenagers, trying to place emphasis on their perspective on the familyenvironment. The psycho-social investigation followed the analysis of student opinionregarding the quality of the family environment as a whole, as well as on the following levels:the frequency and quality of communication, manifestation of affection, mutual gratificationand encouragement, giving the right to an opinion and the exercising of autonomy. A deeperknowledge of the problems which could influence adolescent behaviour could serve as astarting point for practical attempts at educational counselling.

Students’ Involvement in Cyberbullying

Author(s): Elena Bujorean / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

The present study sets up to investigate possible changes in the manner of manifesting violence involving middle school and high school students in Suceava county. Taking into consideration the tremendous impact of social networks on establishing means of communication and of free time, it is inevitable for the cybernetic environment to be a place where certain forms of violence can manifest themselves. By applying a questionnaire adapted by A.N.Grigore (2016) and used on the Romanian school population, we have proposed to investigate the incidence of the cyberbullying phenomenon in middle schools and high schools from Suceava county. Once finished, the study confirms cyberbullying isn’t a pseudo phenomenon, which justifies the need for nonformal education and school counselling programs to take into cyberbullying into account, as a form of violence in which students might be involved.