Влияние уровня двигательной активности на пространственное распределение тета-ритма электроэнцефалограммы

Author(s): Galina Sergeevna Lalaeva,Anna Nikolaevana Zakharova,Anastasiya Vladimirovna Kabachkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this research is to analyze the theta rhythm distribution in volunteers with a different physical activity status. We examine forty healthy males divided into four groups ac-cording to degree with physical activity (low, moderate, high dynamic and high static). The electroencephalographic data are recorded during both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting conditions. Resting state recordings had no differences in terms of the amplitude of the theta rhythm in representatives of groups. In their turn, the changes during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions are more pronounced in the groups with high physical activity. For example, theta activity in high dynamic group decreases in the temporal region during eyes-open and in-creases in eyes-closed conditions. This rhythm in high static group increases in the occipital re-gion during eyes-open and reduces in eyes-closed conditions. We assume that a physical activi-ty status influences the formation of theta waves.

The effects of social and symbolic cues on visual search: Cue shape trumps biological relevance

Author(s): Frouke Hermens / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Arrow signs are often used in crowded environments such as airports to direct observers’attention to objects and areas of interest. Research with social and symbolic cues presented in isolation at fixation has suggested that social cues (such as eye gaze and pointing hands) are more effective in directing observers’ attention than symbolic cues. The present work examines whether in visual search, social cues would therefore be more effective than arrows, by asking participants to locate target objects in crowded displays that were cued by eye-gaze, pointing hands or arrow cues. Results show an advantage for arrow cues, but only for arrow cues that stand out from the surroundings. The results confirm earlier suggestions that in extrafoveal vision cue shape trumps biological relevance. Eye movements suggest that these cueing effects rely predominantly on extrafoveal perception of the cues.

SLUŠNO OPAŽANJE PROSTORA – TAČNOST LOKALIZACIJE DALJINE I PRAVCA EMITOVANJA ZVUKA KOD SLEPIH I OSOBA NORMALNOG VIDA

Author(s): Tijana Todić Jakšić,Oliver Tošković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

Perception of space is based on a synthesis of information from multiple senses. During space perception, blind people mostly rely on information from auditory and haptic senses. The aim of present study was to verify the assumption that auditory sense is more sensitive in blind, as a consequence of intensive usage. Sensitivity is measured trough accuracy in spatial localization of auditory source. We had 15 blind and 15 sighted participants in research. They were exposed to a specific sound in 3 sessions, from 10 different positions, gained by combining two distances (1 m and 3 m) and five directions (straight ahead, 15° and 30° left and right from the participant). Participants’ task was to listen to a sound and then to detect whether it was positioned on a nearer of further distance and whether it was from straight ahead, left or right from them. Analysis showed that perceived stimuli dis-tance accuracy depends on stimuli distance. Participants were more precise in estimating distance for those stimuli which were further away. Perceived stimuli direction accuracy depends on the stimuli direction in such a way that the more extreme left or right stimulus is, participants are more certain in estimating its direc-tion. However, perceived stimuli direction accuracy also depends on whether the participant is blind or sighted, in such a way that blind participants are better in the localization of sound direction. Hence, between blind and sighted participants there are some differences in sound source localization accuracy, which supports the claim that auditory sense sensitivity increases in blind participants.

PRAVILIMA VOĐENA PONAŠANJA – DA LI IH ODREĐUJU SPOLJAŠNJE ILI UNUTRAŠNJE VARIJABLE?

Author(s): Svetlana Borojević,Jadranko Janković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

The main goal of this research was to examine the effects of external variables (type of instruction, change in context, order of stimulus exposure) and internal variable (conformity) on rule-governed behavior and on reaction time in an experimental task. Three types of instructions were used in this research: those that contain a reward, positive punishment, or negative punishment. The experiment was designed in a way that, in the first phase, the rule was functional (led to points achievement), while in the second phase without announcing the change of context, the rule became dysfunctional, The results showed that change in the context, content of the instruction, and the conformity level may increase or reduce the probability of rule following. Changing the context in which the rule is no longer functional, increased significantly the likelihood of leaving the rule. The reward information within the instruction also increased the likelihood of leaving the dysfunctional rule. A more pronounced conformity, on the other hand, reduced the probability of leaving the rule. Furthermore, the results showed that there were significant double interactions of variables in the prediction of rule following. The highest logistic regression coefficients were obtained for the context and type of instruction interaction while the logistic regression coefficients were lower for the interaction of conformity and the type of instruction, as well as the context and conformity interaction. The triple interactions between internal and external variables in the prediction of rule following were also statistically significant. External variables had an effect on the reaction time, while the internal variable did not. Changes in the context, as well as the information about positive punishment, led to prolonging the reaction time, while order of stimulus exposure led to its shortening.

Implicit Theories of Moral Character

Author(s): Ana-Maria Hojbota / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Previous research documented the effect of beliefs about social order and immutability of moral character on moral evaluation. These beliefs amplify the orientation towards severe moral judg-ments, with a preference for retribution instead of rehabilitation. In the present study, we aimed to check for interactive effects of these beliefs on punishment and distributive preferences. We investigate whether social cynicism plays a role in this relation, since trust in institutions and people is a factor that may bias people’s definition of what is fair and what is not. We found that beliefs about the immutability of moral character accentuate the prosecutor mindset and generate greater attribution of blame.

VALIDACIJA KOEFICIJENTA IZUZETNOSTI U PROCENI LIKOVNIH PRODUKATA

Author(s): Irena Ristić ,Miloš Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

The new method for measuring product creativity by the constructing of a uniqueness coefficient and a creativity coefficient was tested. A validity, a reliability, an accuracy and a feasibility of the new method were verified in the domain of fine arts, and coefficients are compared with Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) which is most commonly applied for measuring product creativity. The construction procedure had two steps: 1) categorization of products based on similarity, in line with the principles for processing open-ended questionnaires, followed by testing their intentionality, and then 2) calculating the uniqueness coefficient, as a measure of originality for each drawing, and the creativity coefficient at the level of the variable. The validity and reliability testing of the coefficients was carried out on a sample of 53 students, splitted in two subsamples: the art students and general student population. They were asked to generate drawings, starting from the simple apstract stimuli. The creativity of the drawings was measured by the constructed coefficients and with the CAT in addition. Differences between art students and general population confirmed sensitivity and criterion-based validity of the new measuring method. Positive and statistically significant correlation with CAT scores suggests convergent validity of the coefficients. The results indicate that coefficients enable the accurate, reliable and objective assessments of creative products in the domain of fine arts, at least as good as the CAT can do. Furthermore, the greater cost-effectiveness and availability of the coefficients justify its wider application in the future.

The colour lexicon of the Serbian language – a study of dark blue and dark red colour categories Part 1: Colour-term elicitation task5

Author(s): Ivana Jakovljev,Sunčica Zdravković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

In this study, we linguistically investigated Serbian colour terminology. We administrated colourterm elicitation task aiming to establish the inventory of basic colour terms (BCTs) in the Serbian language and, in particular, to investigate the salience and the status of colour terms teget ‘dark blue’ and bordo ‘dark red’. Native speakers of Serbian (N = 83) participated in a list task (Morgan & Corbett, 1989), in which they had to list as many Serbian colour terms as possible during five minutes. Based on the collected data, we calculated frequency of each term, its mean position and two indexes of salience. Results showed that 11 Serbian most salient colour terms correspond to the eleven BCTs found by Berlin and Kay (1969), namely, plavo ‘blue’, crveno ‘red’, žuto ‘yellow’, zeleno ‘green’, crno ‘black’, belo ‘white’, ljubičasto ‘purple’, narandžasto ‘orange’, sivo ‘grey’, roze ‘pink’, and braon ‘brown’, but that basic status of braon needs to be further examined. Teget ‘dark blue’ and bordo ‘dark red’, along with tirkizno ‘turquoise’ and oker ‘ochre’ were frequently used, with higher salience indices than other non-BCTs. Further research is needed to find out whether teget and bordo meet criteria of BCTs in the Serbian language.

Recognition of Facial Micro Expressions of Emotions Depending on Professional Orientation, Satisfaction with Life and Social Background of Students

Author(s): Bojan Veljković / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The aim of this research was to examine if there is a difference regarding the successfulness of observation of facial micro expressions of basic emotions among students depending on their professional orientation, social background and self assessment of satisfaction with life. The instruments used were a computer program for examining the ability to observe basic emotions based on micro expressions of the face and SWLS- Satisfaction with life scale. The results showed that there is a connection between the self-assessment of satisfaction with life and the accuracy of observation of micro facial expressions of basic emotions. When it comes to the successfulness of observation of facial micro expressions of basic emotions, there is no difference between students from the city and the village, or between the subsamples of students of different social backgrounds.

The match in orientation between verbal context and object accelerates change detection

Author(s): Andrei-Corneliu Holman,Alexandra Emilia Gîrbă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Research in the field of embodied cognition has shown that sensorimotor simulation significantly influences various aspects of cognitive processing. This experiment was designed to test the impact of the sensorimotor simulation of objects’ physical proprieties, initiated by the preceding verbal context, on change detection performance. Before performing each of change detection trials, participants were exposed to sentences suggesting a particular object orientation (horizontal or vertical). The orientation in the first display of the objects that were to be replaced in the second was also manipulated. Response latencies results show that the sentences implying the same spatial orientation as that of the to-be-changed object led to a faster detection of its change compared to the sentences that implied the mismatching orientation, an effect that we explain in terms of the superior encoding, facilitated by sensorimotor simulation, of the objects with matching orientation.

Skala pozitivne orijentacije: Provera psihometrijskih karakteristika prevoda na srpski jezik

Author(s): Vesna Petrović,Dragan Žuljević,Zorica Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

The Positivity Scale (PS) (Caprara et al., 2012a) is an instrument which measures positivity formulated as the basic disposition for the assessment of oneself, life and the future in a positive way. The popularity of the scale and its wide use in different cultural contexts is based on the structural invariance of its translations in different languages. The aim of this paper was to test the basic psychometric properties of the PS on the sample of Serbian adults. The research included two studies. The aims of Study 1, conducted on the sample of 508 respondents, were to test the internal consistency and latent structure of the scale using exploratory factor analysis. The aims of Study 2, conducted on an independent sample of 1010 respondents, were to additionally test construct validity of the scale using confir matory factor analysis, as well as to test convergent validity of the scale. The explo ratory factor analysis results suggested a potential abbreviation from the initial eight items to six items. Concurrent validity was verified by adequate correlations with the measures of optimism (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), self efficiency (GSES; Schwarzer& Jerusalem, 1995)and self-respect (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965), and adequate correlations with the depression measures (CES-D; Radloff, 1977)and satisfaction with life (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). It can be concluded that the PS translation is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of positivity. However, the peculiarities of our sample suggest that future research should additionally test structural validity of the PS and analyse in more detail specific manifestations of the positivity construct in our population.

Upitnik za ispitivanje mitova o silovanju – pilot-istraživanje

Author(s): Ana Genc,Nikola Samac,Lara Knežević,Kristina Petrović,Iva Konc / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

Rape myths are distorted beliefs about rape (its causes, context, consequences, perpetrators, victims and their interaction). Rape myths serve to deny, trivialize or justify this form of sexual violence and they contribute to frequently intolerant and hostile treatment of rape victims. Sincethis phenomenonhas not yet received the attention it deserves in the framework of national science, the main aim of this pilot study was to develop a questionnaire in the Serbian language which measures rape myth acceptance. The current paperpresents the newly designed Rape Myth Questionnaire, its factor structure, as well as the psychometric characteristics of the scale. The second aim of the study was to map of the prevalence of rape myth acceptance in Serbia. The survey was conducted on a sample of 482 respondents. The results indicate that the Rape Myth Questionnaireisa reliable instrument, with highly valid and representative items. The questionnaire proved to be unidimensionalon the sample used in the study. The Discussion contains a detailed description of the prevalence of different groups of rape myths in our country.

Validacija srpske adaptacije skale reakcija na ispitivanje

Author(s): Miša Avramović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Aims of this research were to evaluate construct validity of the Serbian adaptation of Reaction to Tests scale and to assess some psychometric properties of this scale. In addition, a short version of the scale was created, with the idea to correct the bad fit of the original version of the instrument, as well as making the scale more economical for the use. The research sample consisted of 300 conveniently selected students (average age 22.73). The confirmatory factor analysis tested the fit of the two models. The first one had correlated first-order factors, while the second model introduced a second-order factor. The full version of the scale had a bad fit. However, the short version of the scale (with 5 items in each subscale) had an excellent fit for the first model (CFI = .96; RMSEA = .048) and slightly weaker fit of the second model (CFI = .95; RMSEA = .055). The short version of the scale retained satisfactory coefficients of internal consistency (.78 to .91 for subscales and .92 for the full scale). Both the full and short version of the scale showed high convergent validity, through high correlations with the Test Anxiety Inventory. As such, short version of the scale has its use value, both in the research and in the clinical context.

NEVOIA DE DEZVOLTARE PERSONALĂ PRIN AUTOMOTIVARE ȘI AUTOEFICACITATE ÎN PROFESIA DIDACTICĂ

Author(s): Violeta Vrabii / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2017

In this article are generalized the authors’ ideas about the necessity of personal development, self – motivation and self - efficacy. There are identified characteristics for motivation/ self-motivation in teaching profession. The purpose of research stand for determination of correlations and expression of self - motivation and self - efficacy differences at didactic personnel. However, the empowerment construct will be a hypothetical one in assessment and self-assessment; a capacity of strategies development and collaboration with others.

UNELE ASPECTE ALE INADAPTĂRII ADOLESCENŢILOR CONTEMPORANI LA SARCINILE ŞCOLARITĂŢII

Author(s): Narcisa Gianina Caranfil / Language(s): Romany Issue: 3-4/2017

This paper focuses on the challenges contemporary adolescents face with in schooling trajectory. For the last decades, several undesirable phenomena such as decrease in school motivation among students, academic underachievement, school failure, and early school dropout have been observed in many countries. A wide range of factors accounts for these phenomena. Knowing and understanding the complexity of academic underachievement, school failure, and school dropout is one of the most important strategic tasks for professionals working in education.

STIMULAREA DEZVOLTĂRII LIMBAJULUI LA COPIII CU TULBURAREA DE SPECTRU AUTIST

Author(s): Victoria Maximciuc,Ina Cenușa / Language(s): Romany Issue: 3-4/2017

The issue of language development of children with autism spectrum (TSA) is becomingmore and more prevalent. We find that in practice parents’ complaint mostlyabout the language lack or about the presence of language disorders. In the literaturethere is a range of research devoted to the specificity of language development, thereare methods of intervention, but TSA is a multiple disability with a large diversityof language disorders even within the limits of a pathological state included in thisspectrum. The article draws attention to the importance of research case studies tobetter understand the language development particularities and individualized programselaboration.

DEZVOLTAREA RESURSELOR PERSONALE - CONDIȚIE A SUCCESULUI ÎN ORIENTAREA PROFESIONALĂ A PERSOANELOR CU DIZABILITĂȚI

Author(s): Angela CUCER / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2018

The article highlights the role, the need to develop personal resources in people with disabilities as a condition of success in their professional orientation. The content of this article is an attempt to fi nd experimental research on the personal resilience of people with disabilities. In the end, some recommendations are proposed for the training of professional resources.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ПСИХОПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМ АНАРТРИИ (сравнительное экспериментальное исследование)

Author(s): Victoria Maximciuc / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2018

The article presents an experimental study, the purpose of which was to fi nd the most eff ective model of complex intervention, by comparing two models of programs, based on the results of assessing the development of children with anarthria.

INCURSIUNI TEORETICE ASUPRA ABORDĂRILOR CLASICE ALE INTELIGENŢEI

Author(s): Inga PLATON / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2018

The article refl ects an issue of scientifi c actuality due to the fact that the effi ciency or performances of a person, in various activities, is often related to the level of development of intelligence or general capabilities. However, the historical course of conceptualization of intelligence has often been controversial, generating various disputes in the scientifi c environment, and the question of whether or not a performance is related to academic intelligence (general) became more relevant with the appearance of new types of intelligences – the non-academic intelligences. The purpose of this theoretical synthesis on classical approaches to intelligence - is to refl ect the defi ning elements of general intelligence and to highlight the importance of practical manifestations of intelligence that draws us closer to understanding non-academic intelligences in achieving success.

Tulburări de voce asociate cu tulburări de înghițire – implicații în sfera calității vieții

Author(s): Catrinel FRÎNCU / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2017

Voice impairments associated with dysphagia – implications on quality of life. This research was conducted with the purpose of studying the effect of voice impairments and dysphagia on the quality of life of adults. In order to do this, constructs such as general health, symptoms of voice disorders and dysphagia, quality of life were taken into consideration.In the beginning, the subject was approached from a theoretical point of view and was given a general perspective on certain concepts like voice impairments and dysphagia.The objectives of this reasearch are: the investigation of the perceived general health status of the adult with voice impairments and dysphagia; highlighting the main symptoms of voice impairments and dysphagia; the evaluation of the quality of life of adults with voice impairments and dysphagia.In order for the objectives to be reached, one participant was selected and the evaluation process started. After finishing the evaluation, an intervention plan was created with the purpose of facilitating the management of voice impairments and dysphagia symptoms and the increase of the quality of life.

Śpiew na ból

Author(s): Anna Mateja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 805/2022