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BADANIA EKSPERYMENTALNE W PSYCHOLOGII I PEDAGOGICE

Author(s): Jerzy Marian Brzeziński / Language(s): Polish

Psychologia i pedagogika są naukami empirycznymi, a to oznacza, że jedyną drogą wprowadzenia do nich nowych twierdzeń i teorii jest konfrontacja z danymi empirycznymi. Powtarzalność badań stanowi istotną cechę poznania naukowego. Metoda eksperymentu jest taką metodą, która pozwala na powtarzalność badania, czyniąc je intersubiektywnie komunikowalnym oraz intersubiektywnie kontrolowalnym i dostarcza wiedzy o najwyższym stopniu pewności. Podręcznik wprowadza Czytelnika – studenta psychologii, pedagogiki i dyscyplin pokrewnych (np. socjologii) – w podstawy eksperymentu zarówno laboratoryjnego, jak i terenowego, opartego na porównaniach dwugrupowych i na porównaniach wielogrupowych (odwołującego się do statystycznego modelu analizy wariancji). Obejmuje on pewne „minimum” metodologiczne, którego opanowanie przez Czytelnika umożliwia poprawne zaplanowanie i przeprowadzenie badań eksperymentalnych. Autor włożył wiele wysiłku, aby te skomplikowane zagadnienia wyłożyć w sposób systematyczny i przystępny dla osób z podstawowym przygotowaniem statystycznym.

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Studying creativity in students' learning styles in different high schools Iran

Author(s): Kalantari Masume,Tahan Mohammad / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

Learning, creativity, and innovation are considered as the axis of the activities of all educational and entrepreneur-based institutions. Learning style of students as one of the factors effective in learning and academic progress has always been taken into consideration. By identifying the learning style and rate of creativity of individuals, each style can be a more appropriate teaching method adopted by teachers and also a more correct method of learning by learners. Accordingly, the main goal of the present article is to identify the differences of learning styles of individuals in different academic majors and the rate of the creativity of individuals in each learning style. The present methodology employed in this research is of descriptive-correlational research design. The statistical population consists of all the last-year students at the high school level in the city of Ghaen. The statistical sample consisted of 115 girls and 117 boys selected by classified sampling. Kolb’s learning style inventory and Abedi creativity were used to collect the required data. These two tools are standardized, therefore their validity is verified. On the other hand, the reliability of the Kolb’s inventory and that of Abedi’s creativity were 0.74 and 79.5, respectively. To analyze the data obtained by Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pierson covariance, and stepwise regression were employed. The results show that there is a meaningful difference between the creativity of the students with diverging and assimilator learning styles. Learning styles of students of different branches are also different. Creativity of the students of Mathematicsis more than that of the Humanities and there is also a meaningful negative relation between concrete experiential learning methods and creativity (r=0.702 and p<0.01).

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SURVIVAL AND PARALLELISM

Author(s): Florent Rrahmani / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2019

The constitutional changes of 1989 in Kosovo, in addition to physical, political andpsychological pressure, exerted social pressure through job dismissals. Job dismissalsbecame a “normal” process, becoming a common way of exercising social pressure.In all these impossibilities in front of which a whole society is placed, self-organization oropposition through self-acting is expressed.In this course, the collapsed life on every sphere, and precisely this collapse burdened evenmore the daily life of these citizens, imposing reflection on these inabilities.While therepressive state was exclusive, degrading, and denigrating for a category of the society,precisely this category got self-integrated through resistance, which can not be calledotherwise but self-organization.In this flow, many subsequent developments came to the fore,such as the comprehensive mobilization of the society, so that individual tasks became selfvoluntarycollective duties and obligations.To this society, faced with such a situation, Solidarity was undoubtedly imposed in every areaof life, having the course from similarities, and “solidarity that comes from similarities is atits maximum when the collective conscience completely wraps up all our conscience andcomplies with it on all points” (Durkheim, 2004).

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THE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN CLASSES IN THE SECONDARY EDUCATION CASE STUDY – „VASILE GHERASIM” TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL FROM MARGINEA, SUCEAVA COUNTY, ROMANIA

Author(s): IOnel Vovciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2019

Apart from the violence covered by the press by informative broadcasts at peak audiencehours, we found it was extremely important to debate this topic in the pre-universityenvironment, especially in high school classes, where students are easily trained in theeducation for life. A first argument to debate this topic is the one provided by televisionchannels, radio shows and articles written in newspapers by non-professionals. In order toprotect them from the aggressive media exposure to school-based conflicts, we thought toprovide pictures or movies with a strong social and emotional impact to raise awareness ofthe bad actions in the everyday life of students.A second argument is that we have tried to see the causes of class conflicts, to find solutionsin diagnosing the occurrence of conflicts between classes, then to put into practice methodsand techniques for solving conflicts in the form of a game, for the students to finally realizethat some conflicts can be quenched from the beginning by treating indifferently gestures thatcan be tolerated and accepted at the same time.

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The influence of the Russian psychological pedagogy (by L.S. Lev Vygotsky) upon the model of education curricular design in the American cultural space

Author(s): Aura Hapenciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

The paper demonstrates the way in which the Russian psychologist L.S.Vygotsky, who anticipates the paradigm of the curriculum, is perceived in the American cultural space. A representative of the sociocultural constructivism in education, L.S.Vygotsky is concerned with the problem of approaching the epistemic specificity of pedagogy as a specialized science in the study of education. The process through which pedagogy turns scientific can be confirmed according to three criteria: the research object, the normativity and the research methodology. The specific research object of L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is represented by the quality learning that pushes the development ahead, in the area of the proximal development, possible within a socio-cultural mediated training activity through the pedagogical scaffold created between educator and educated. The specific normativity asserted in the L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is based upon two complementary principles: the creation of the scaffold and the orientation of education at the area level of the proximal development. The research methodology refers to: the method of the qualitative structural analysis; the genetic method; the comparative method and the instrumental method. L.S.Vygotsky’s theory of socio-cultural constructivism has generated a revolution in pedagogy, exerting a strong influence in the US, in the field of the curriculum reconstruction, initiated by the psycho-pedagogue Jerome S. Bruner. The constructivist pedagogical model developed by L.S.Vygotsky who influenced the psychological theory of learning proposed by J.S.Bruner draws attention upon the need to capitalize on three ways of organizing the training – by action (with objects), iconic (by images), symbolic/verbal (by notions formed and developed). Despite the strongly ideologized era in which he created, the Russian educator managed to anticipate an important line of the postmodern (contemporary) pedagogy.

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Social and psychological benefits of self-dislosure

Author(s): Narcisa Loredana Posteuca-Esi / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

The analysis of the concept of “self-disclosure” and implicitly, of the benefits it has upon the psychological and social dimension, reveals from an epistemic viewpoint the need for a theoretical and practical foundation well outlined from a scientific viewpoint. Thus, a comparative study at the theoretical level, but also at the level of inter-subjective practice transposes the results obtained over time in the area of psychological and social consequences and effects. Moreover, such epistemic results acquire epistemic validity in the inter-subjective field and space insofar as we can see, from our point of view, a series of (affective, cognitive) benefits related to the interpersonalrelationships or to the therapeutic relationship between the patient and the physician (analyst).

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THE NEED FOR LEADER CREATION AMONGST ROMANIAN SCHOOL PRINCIPALS – EDUCATIONAL POLICY ANALYSIS

Author(s): Adina-Petronela Vechiu / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

Many theories of leadership and organisational climate gave been formulated over the years. This paper focuses both on transformational and transactional management and on supportive organisational climates. The theory of transformational educational management was developed as a response to the need for reform in educational systems in the 1970s and 1980s. The central convincing argument for educational staff was the assumption that a transformational leader motivates both teachers and students through increasing their consciousness regarding operational objectives and inspiring them to forego personal interest in favour of the organisational ‘greater good’ (Marks and Printy , 2003, p. 375). This strand of theory attributes certain leadership factors to the transformational leader like idealising influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualising consideration amongst others.The transformational leader came about as a response to the need for schools to be led successfully through innovative reforms. This type of leader underlines and accentuates ideas of change, innovation and the influence teachers have in these processes. On the other hand, transactional leadership is based on promoting a negotiation model which helps reaching a certain motivation level. This level is usually expressed through an accepted amount. Conversely, transformational leadership refers to certain assumed responsibilities and moral principles. Both leadership models aim to improve school environments, ultimately targeting progress through building leadership capacities amongst all those involved in facilitating school activities (apud Nedelcu, 2013).

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Ethical Dilemmas in Education

Author(s): Andreea Filip,Sinziana Elena Mititelu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Ethics, one of the main branches of philosophy, deals with researching moral issues, dealing, for example, with the issue of good and evil, situational behavior and even with what we are supposed to do in certain instances, because, as Aristotle claimed, ethics can be seen as the sum of traditions and human behaviors and how it regards the way in which we act and react according to the principles rooted deep down into ourselves. Also, ethics must be correlated with the usefulness and the morality of an action, as well as with the issue of good and evil. Starting from these, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the directions ethics take in the educational system, in the context in which the issue of ethics is raised more and more often in some schools. That being said, we will also recount a few case studies starting from personal and professional experience.

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School organization and management

Author(s): Roxana-Eugenia FLOCEA,Alina-Sorina Bîrgăoanu / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

The subject approached in this paper refers to the main parts of educational management. Education is a social phenomenon that has emerged with human society and has undergone a number of essential changes during the development of society. Thus, from the empirical action of preparing the young generation for social life to the scientifically based action of the modern age, education has gone a long way, becoming an authentic science with its own statute and laws.

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The concept of error in scholar environment

Author(s): Delia Pătrăucean,Mădălina MĂRIUȚĂ / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

The actual study is proposing to analyze the concept of error in education and to apply some strategies in order to guide the process of education. Teaching with mistakes, reverse marking, self-correction, the possibility of correcting in equal ways, are some suggestions which can be applied at the classroom. The end of the study reveals the fact that an important place in this ecuations is occupied by the teacher’s attitude which have a huge impact in pupils’ life.

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I Love It, But It Is Too Complicated. Aging Adults’ Perspective on Mobile Technology Acceptance

Author(s): Ioana Iancu,Bogdan Iancu / Language(s): English Issue: 26 (2)/2020

In the context of constant population aging, digital technologies are required especially for communication and geriatric care. However, before a large-scale deployment could be implemented, the general technological acceptance level should be assessed. The paper aims to descriptively analyze the perception of aging adults on mobile technology. Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the variables considered are emotional attachment on technology, actual use, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intentions. Methodologically, a set of semi-structured interviews have been conducted. The results show that although individuals love their mobile devices and although they perceive them as being useful, the devices are not easy to be used and there are numerous concerns regarding technology. Paradoxically, while they claim the like owning smart devices, they consider them too complex and intrusive.

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Mediating Grannies: Caring for Young Grandchildren who Use Digital Media

Author(s): Galit Nimrod,Dafna LEMISH,Nelly Elias / Language(s): English Issue: 26 (2)/2020

Based on online surveys conducted in the United States and Israel, this study explored grandmothers’ involvement in mediation of their grandchildren’s digital media use. Study participants were highly involved in restrictive, instructive and supervising mediation—and to a much lesser degree in co-use and technological mediation. Their involvement was significantly associated with their familiarity with digital media popular among children, engagement in other activities with their grandchildren, and past mediation (as mothers). Results highlighted the technical challenges older women face in their efforts to mediate their grandchildren’s digital media use.

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La gérontologie narrative numérique : porte ouverte sur les apprentissages informels intergénérationnels et les communications numériques

Author(s): Béatrice Crettenand Pecorini,Emmanuel Duplàa / Language(s): French Issue: 26 (2)/2020

Ontario’s action plan for seniors recognizes that seniors have health and education needs, among other needs (Gouvernement de l’Ontario, 2017). To partially meet these needs, we have proposed an innovative gerontagogical approach by combining two existing concepts: narrative gerontology with digital storytelling. Thus, by this new concept of Digital Narrative Gerontology, we give seniors a special place for the elaboration of the message they wish to bequeath to other generations, by creating together their life testimonies in digital form easy to share, while mutually acquiring new digital skills and exploiting the benefits of narrative gerontology, such as well-being, aging well, resilience and wisdom, but also informal and intergenerational learning. Communication was important on two levels: between the elder and the researcher during the oral narration and the creation of the digital narration in a relationship of mutual trust as well as in the form of digital testimony with a key message to transmit, during the broadcast of the digital narration. This research also made it possible to respond to the curiosity of the elders for new matters in a reassuring framework, adapted to their level, while respecting their learning pace and the choices of knowledge that they wish to acquire. Seniors were proud to share their digital creation with those they had chosen, thus opening the space for discussions, exchanges, emotions and the open door to a new intergenerational “narrative” and social interactions - sources of learning.

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Aging in Online Communities: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Recommendations

Author(s): Ana Isabel Veloso,Sónia Ferreira,Liliana Vale Costa,Óscar Mealha,Carlos Santos / Language(s): English Issue: 26 (2)/2020

The increase of computer-mediated communication use and the aging population has led to a renewed interest in online communities and social networks for active aging and social support in daily living. However, a systematic understanding of the design recommendations in Senior Online Communities is still lacking in scientific documentation. The aim of this paper is to identify the design recommendations used in online communities that support active aging. In addition, this paper highlights some of the benefits of using online communities by older adults. Twenty-three papers published between January 2015 and May 2020 in English-language, peer-reviewed publications, met inclusion criteria. The review presents a set of recommendations for designing online communities to enhance older adults’ social interactions. A process that aims for “engagement” is suggested to strategically guide the design of Senior Online Communities: Interacting – Sense of Belonging (Role-playing, Storytelling, and Legacy) – Engaging.

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Nieuczciwość akademicka studentów. Psychologiczne wyznaczniki, przewidywanie oraz przeciwdziałanie

Author(s): Lidia Baran / Language(s): Polish

Academic dishonesty is a phenomenon whose high frequency among students is confirmed by research conducted in Poland, Europe and abroad. It is a problem due to the fact that it leads to a decrease in the knowledge presented by students and the transfer of rewarding experiences related to dishonesty to other areas of life. The aim of this publication is to pre-sent the current knowledge on psychological determinants, prediction, and prevention of academic dishonesty among students, to present the results of research conducted in the above areas and to formulate on their basis conclusions about application possibilities in the academic community.

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Assessing the communication needs of parents of children with cancer - semantic, grammatical and psychological analyses

Author(s): Elisabeta Niță,Maria - Magdalena Jianu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the communication needs of the parents of children with cancer from the perspective of the semantic values of the morphological units used and integrated into sentence structures or sentence segments (with response status to open questions) and from the perspective of the factual analysis of the percentages of closed questions. We believe that the results we have reached, processed with interdisciplinary tools of psycholinguistics, morphology, syntax and semantics of the Romanian language and psychological analysis, can provide data that can contribute to the identification of the best strategies for ensuring emotional well-being and increasing the quality of life of families where there is a child with cancer.

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Psychoterapia pisana żartem

Author(s): Tomasz Teodorczyk / Language(s): Polish

Psychoterapia to zjawisko międzyludzkiej wymiany, wyjątkowe ze względu na wielowarstwowe społeczne i kulturowe konteksty, z których wyrasta i w których jest zanurzona. W tej książce żarty o psychoterapii, służą głębszemu zrozumieniu jej różnych aspektów oraz dotarciu do tych obszarów, które są szczególnie trudne i niewygodne, a w związku z tym pomijane lub tabuizowane. Książka pokazuje, jak stosowanie żartu jako interwencji terapeutycznej może znakomicie uzupełniać inne, bardziej poważne metody postępowania. Żart wprowadza do terapii archetypową postać trickstera – przewrotnego prześmiewcę, który swym działaniem może odwrócić pojmowanie świata i zmienić jego reguły. Tomasz Teodorczyk – psychoterapeuta, superwizor i facylitator społeczny z wieloletnim stażem zawodowym. Współzałożyciel Akademii Psychologii Głębokiego Dialogu (dawniej Akademia Psychologii Zorientowanej na Proces). Realizuje projekty społeczne i szkoleniowe w Polsce i na świecie (m.in. w Ekwadorze, Meksyku, Gruzji, Armenii, Ukrainie). Autor książek: Jak umierają ptaki (2014), Oświecenie dziobaków (2015), Mindell i Jung. Reedycje i inspiracje (2016), Traktat o psychoterapii. IMAM (2017), Płacz Cykady (2021) oraz dramatu Episteme (2021).

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Чешката телевизионна реклама и фолклорът – начини за употреба на народните традиции от масмедиите

Author(s): Jaroslav Otčenášek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The ways in witch advertising uses folklore motifs are rather varied and interesting. In this article, we first clarify what the essence of advertising is at a theoretical level, who it is aimed at, what is presented and how it is presented, and of course, also who orders the advertisement. This synthesizing theoretical introduction is necessary in order to fully understand the differences between audio advertising, visual and audio-visual presentation, as well as how contemporary advertising permeates the media environment including Internet and social networks. Also significant is the psychological effect on the costumers, which uses a number of traditional stereotypes and expected behaviour patterns. Subsequently, we will look in more detail at the role of folklore and especially folklore narratives in advertising, including its changes in the last century, which we will illustrate with two specific examples. The next part of the article consists of an analysis of two contemporary advertising campaigns with dominant folklore motifs in the Czech media environment (Equa bank and Seznam.cz), in which we show in detail the way they communicate with the costumer, the folklore stereotypes used and the comments of the clients and creators of these advertisements regarding the expected effect of the campaign.

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Výzkum orientovaný na pohybovou aktivitu: metodologické ukotvení

Author(s): Roman Cuberek / Language(s): Czech

The book characterises the main pillars of methodological paradigm of research focused on the area of human movement-related behaviour. Currently used methodological approaches are described in detail. Simultaneously, their limits are introduced, from which the key methodological challenges are critically derived. The aim of the author was to put partial aspects of methodological paradigm in a broader context and to allow the reader to obtain the comprehensive view of the problems associated with the investigation of human movement-related behaviour. The reader should understand more the essence of research in the field as a whole and thus improve his competence to interpret the conclusions of relevant studies.

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Variabilita srdeční frekvence v tréninkovém procesu: historie, současnost a perspektiva

Author(s): Michal Botek,Jakub Krejčí,Andrew McKune / Language(s): Czech

Currently, there are many methods to assess, through heart rate variability (HRV), functional changes in the autonomic nervous system, which is involved in the control and regulation of homeostasis in the body. VSF represents a modern diagnostic approach to objectively monitor the body's response to training and non-training stress stimuli. Longitudinal monitoring of VSF during the training process allows the athlete or coach to operatively change the load with respect to the current state of the training capacity of his/her organism and thus maximize the training effect. In addition, this regular monitoring reduces the risk of accumulated fatigue or overtraining. VSF analysis thus becomes a natural part of the training process, offering the maximum possible degree of individualization even in team sports.

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