SATYSFAKCJA Z PRACY I JEJ WPŁYW NA LOJALNOŚĆ WOBEC PRACODAWCY. STUDIUM SEKTORA HORECA

Author(s): Marlena Bednarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Growing recognition of the significance of the customer-employee interaction in the service delivery has led to the need to increase efforts to attract qualified personnel and to foster quality of work life to make staff committed to strategic goals of the organisation. Therefore, measuring and enhancing job satisfaction is a critical function of contemporary management. The purpose of the paper is to examine the mediating role of employee satisfaction in the relationship between job content and context and loyalty towards employer in the service sector. The study conducted among hospitality industry employees revealed that effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards in the workplace on turnover intentions and employment referrals were mediated by job satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between employee satisfaction and turnover intentions was moderated by self-perceived employability.

Konstruktna validnost multidimenzionalnog upitnika ličnosti (MPQ)

Author(s): Dušanka Mitrović,Snežana Smederevac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

The paper presents two studies aimed at the examination of the factor structure of The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and joint factor structure of the scales of MPQ and SPSRQ (The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire). In the first research conducted on the sample of 1127 participants of both sexes, age 18 to 67, the results of the principal component analysis of the MPQ scales point to the existence of three higher-order dimensions, named General Adaptedness, Psychopathic Tendencies and Negative Emotionality. These dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the Eysenck’s PEN model to the greater extent than they achieve the assumed similarity with the dimensions of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. In the second study conducted on the sample of 199 respondents of both sexes, age 18 to 59, the results of the joint principal component analysis of the MPQ and SPSRQ scales point to the existence of three higher order dimensions, which correspond to the Tellegen’s Positive Emotionality, Negative Emotionality, and Constraint.

Odlučivanje u uslovima rizika i teorija izgleda

Author(s): Aleksandar Milićević,Dubravka Pavličić,Aleksandar Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

The goal of this study was to investigate the dynamics of decision making under risk. In three experiments this dynamics have been explored with respect to probability of outcome and with respect to frame, i.e. the way the outcomes of the alternatives have been specified. The process of decision making was explored within a framework of expected utility and Prospect theory. The outcomes of alternatives as well as their probabilities were quantitatively specified (so that the expected value of a risk alternative was equal to the value of a non-risk alternative). The results of experiments indicate that the attitude towards risk (risk-proneness vs. risk-averseness) depends on the outcome probability and the way the outcomes were specified (i.e. positive/negative frame). It was also demonstrated that content strongly affects the choices made in decision making. This outcome is somewhat unexpected and requires additional empirical evaluation.

Too good to be true? Towards an understanding of the Zone of Proximal development (ZPD) dynamics from a Piagetian perspective: Gender composition and its changing role from early to middle childhood

Author(s): Anna Zapiti,Charis Psaltis / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The present study revisits the complexities of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) through an experimental investigation of the role of social identity dynamics in asymmetric social interaction around a cognitive Piagetian task in two age groups. Children from two age groups (6 and 10 years old) first solved a spatial transformation task individually (pretest) and then worked in same- or mixed-gender pairs with a partner who was more advanced in task knowledge. In the posttest phase, participants again solved the task individually. At posttest, the six-years old participating in interaction, performed better than those in control groups, who did not engage in interaction. However, there were no differences in the posttest performance of the ten-years old who participated in interaction and those who did not.Moreover, the effect of gender composition on the dynamics of the interaction was different in the two age groups. The social gender identity dynamics formed in the interactions of the six-year olds related to cognitive progress outcomes, but at 10 years social construction of knowledge was equally successful in promoting cognitive development compared to asymmetric social interactions and gender identity dynamics did not have the same formative influence.The present study revisits the complexities of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) through an experimental investigation of the role of social identity dynamics in asymmetric social interaction around a cognitive Piagetian task in two age groups. Children from two age groups (6 and 10 years old) first solved a spatial transformation task individually (pretest) and then worked in same- or mixed-gender pairs with a partner who was more advanced in task knowledge. In the posttest phase, participants again solved the task individually. At posttest, the six-years old participating in interaction, performed better than those in control groups, who did not engage in interaction. However, there were no differences in the posttest performance of the ten-years old who participated in interaction and those who did not. Moreover, the effect of gender composition on the dynamics of the interaction was different in the two age groups. The social gender identity dynamics formed in the interactions of the six-year-olds related to cognitive progress outcomes, but at 10 years social construction of knowledge was equally successful in promoting cognitive development compared to asymmetric social interactions and gender identity dynamics did not have the same formative influence.

RELATION BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO THE ‘BIG FIVE’ THEORY

Author(s): Milena Nedeljković Knežević,Maja Mijatov,Aleksandra S. Dragin,Slađana Nedeljković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Awareness regarding the increasing importance of human resources for achieving the organizational competitiveness on the market became an integral part of modern economy, where people, together with their knowledge and skills, represent strategic organizational resource. The aim of this research is to assess the influence of employees’ personality dimensions, according to the ‘Big Five’ theory, and certain facets of job satisfaction as well as different facets of job satisfaction on the overall assessment of job satisfaction. The influence of respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics on the individual facets of job satisfaction is also evaluated. The research results indicated that there is a significant difference in the assessment of individual facets of job satisfaction regarding the respondents’ demographic characteristics. Also, statistically significant correlations are found between personality dimensions: ‘Extraversion’, ‘Openness to new experiences’, ‘Conscientiousness’, ‘Agreeableness’ and ‘Neuroticism’ and individual facets of job satisfaction. The research results will be beneficial for providing the appropriate guidelines for improvement of human resource management of large organizations, especially in the case of public-owned organizations within the countries facing significant restructuring changes, such as Serbia.

Reprezentacja Ja u wysokofunkcjonujących osób z autyzmem – przegląd badań z wykorzystaniem metod neuroobrazowania mózgu

Author(s): Hanna B. Cygan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Development of self-representation is vitally important for internalizing typical behavior and for building interpersonal relationships. Taking into account the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive functions, symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been related to impairments of neuronal systems underlying self-perception. The present paper reviews research implementing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) to study the neural mechanisms of self-related information processing in persons with ASD. These experiments address the psychological aspects of self-representation associated with the appraisal of one’s own traits and of the symbolic, as well as physical, representation of self in response to the perception of one’s own name and face. Furthermore, results of a study that employed fMRI to assess the perception of changeability of personal traits across time among subjects with ASD are also included. The studies under review support the hypotheses of atypical neuronal mechanisms of cognitive self-representation and anomalous perception of social feedback in persons diagnosed with ASD.

Poczucie kontroli w okresie wczesnej adolescencji wśród uczniów z dwóch etapów edukacji

Author(s): Sara Filipiak,Beata Łubianka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article presents the results of research on the locus of control in early adolescence among students from two different stages of education: primary school and junior high school, participating currently in the education system transformations. The results are a summary of the first stage of a longitudinal project concerning the development of some personality variables among students. 1015 adolescents were examined with Locus of Control Questionnaire (Krasowicz- -Kupis, Kurzyp-Wojnarska, 1990), in the school year 2016/2017. The results indicate an indefinite locus of control in situations of successes, failures and in generalized locus of control. The locus of control is shifted significantly more towards external control in students from junior high school, compared to primary school students and it pertains to successes, failures and generalized locus of control. Boys from primary schools are significantly more internal as regards successes and generalized locus of control compared to boys from junior high schools.

Wiedza polskich sędziów i prokuratorów na temat psychologii zeznań naocznych świadków w świetle badania własnego

Author(s): Michał Główczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Knowledge of psychology is vital in the application of law. However, classical studies by Richard A. Wise and Martin A. Safer (conducted on a sample of American judges, prosecutors and attorneys) showed that they know very little about psychological effects in eyewitness testimony. Further studies conducted in Norway, Canada and China arrived at similar conclusions. This article presents results of the author’s own study, which was the first attempt to verify the knowledge of Polish judges and prosecutors concerning the psychology of eyewitness testimony. Research was conducted on a sample of 545 participants, including 87 judges and 193 prosecutors. The results showed that Polish lawyers also know rather little about the psychology of eyewitness testimony. The results suggest that the professional experience of judges and prosecutors does not in itself always guarantee they have actual knowledge about the psychology of eyewitness testimony.

Dolphins Underwater Sounds Database: Preliminary Analysis Results

Author(s): Hristo Zhivomirov,Ivaylo Nedelchev / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The present paper treats the signal recording and the preliminary analysis of the vocalization of five Caribbean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops Truncates) in the controlled aquatic environment – a dolphinarium water pool. The data are taken using measurement equipment from the world's leading companies – Brüel&Kjær and National Instruments Corporation. All records have been denoised and segmented in advance so that only the vocal-active parts to be analyzed. The most representative part of the records and analysis results are deposited in one of world's most reputable databases – IEEE DataPort™, under the name "Dolphins Underwater Sounds Database". All analyses are conducted in the Matlab environment, thus they include: signal oscillogram, overall frequency spectrum, time-frequency spectrogram, time-quefrency cepstrogram and also signal correlogram and amplitude histogram. The report is rich in figures that represent some of the most interesting results. Finally, some common conclusions are drawn, based on the analysis results, and along with considerations for feature work.

DIMENSIUNI ALE ANXIETĂȚII FAȚĂ DE TESTĂRI ÎN RÂNDUL ELEVILOR DE CICLU PRIMAR

Author(s): Magda Tufeanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2020

One of the individual characteristics that began to attract the attention of researchers in the fi eld of educational psychology since the 1960s is anxiety that some students of diff erent ages manifest when taking tests or exams. This article presents the methodological framework and the main fi ndings of a quantitative study that was conducted in a sample of 186 students in grades 2-4. The investigation sought to explore the factors associated with test anxiety among young school-age children. The primary school students who participated in the study completed a 10-item scale. The instrument operationalized two dimensions of test anxiety, namely worries and negative emotionality. Comparative data did not show statistically signifi cant diff erences between boys and girls in terms of indicators of test anxiety. In contrast, the residence and grade had signifi cant eff ects on the dimensions of anxiety that students felt when faced with situations in which their acquisitions were tested. The results are analyzed by referring to the working hypotheses, as well as from the perspective of the implications they may have for the practice of scholastic acquisitions evaluation, a process that is permanently performed in the school setting.

PERSPECTIVE DE CERCETARE PRIVIND COMUNICAREA PERSUASIVA A CADRELOR DIDACTICE ŞI A MODALITAŢILOR DE ABORDARE A CONFLICTELOR

Author(s): Andra-Mirabela Adăscăliţei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2020

The paper investigates the persuasive communication of teachers and ways of approachingconfl icts between students. The study was attended by 46 teachers. The studyrevealed diff erent levels of persuasive cmmunication, low number of highly persuasiveteachers. The signifi cant association between persuasive style and problem-solving andcompromise approach has been demonstrated.

Spirit și corp (II)

Author(s): Ion Petrovici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2020

THEATER-THERAPEUTIC METHOD OF DEVELOPING SOCIAL SKILLS TO INMATES

Author(s): Magdalena Butură / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The present paper was born from the desire to make known the realities faced by the workers in the Romanian penitentiary system, but also inmates, who, whether we accept it or not, are part of the society in which we live. The methods of working with inmates have diversified, and some of them have shown over time that they are of real use and have immediate results in the development of social skills. One of the above methods is theater therapy. The training of a prisoner involved in this activity involves improving the listening ability, the ability to express, the ability to react spontaneously and confidently. Developing confidence, active listening, improving the capacity for innovation, collaboration, helps each participant in their relationships with the others. At the same time, participants in this form of therapy learn from improvisation techniques how to be more "present", how to make positive choices, how to decipher a situation with the help of body language, skills that greatly contribute to the personal development of the inmate, he succeeding thus to progress, to discover and to become more human, more empathetic closer to the social reality in which he will reach the moment of his release. The study was conducted in the Bucharest-Jilava Penitentiary on a sample of 30 detainees aged between 22 and 71 years, included in theater therapy. The technique used is the interview, semi-structured, applied face to face. We chose the questions from the interview guide to outline the efficiency of the therapy through the theater and to identify the changes in the social skills of the inmates, which are a determining factor in the process of social reintegration

ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

Author(s): Alina Maria Breaz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Psychological mistreatment, however harder to characterize and harder to recognize, goes with all types of youngster misuse and has pulverizing outcomes on its agreeable turn of events. Our investigation on 60 kids from the exercise center stage intended to feature the psychological mistreatment of offspring of this age and its potential outcomes. Through a guided meeting, the sorts of psychological mistreatment, its causes, the recurrence of misuse, its relationship with different kinds of misuse were followed. The acquired outcomes mirror a somewhat stressing circumstance, demonstrating that the guardians' confusions and mindsets persevere in their instructive style, which may influence the mystic equilibrium of the kid in a troublesome time of life, specifically that of pubescence. The advising work of the analyst or social associate of the gatherings engaged with types of psychological mistreatment (guardians and youngsters) can contribute not exclusively to improve the kid's circumstance, its mix into the age gathering and the expanding of school's exhibitions yet additionally to improve its relations with guardians and fraternity and in this manner to build its odds of an agreeable turn of events.

Quasi-experiment in the educational reality

Author(s): Mariana Sirotová,Veronika Michvocíková,Krzysztof Rubacha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Aim. The main aim of the study is a presentation of the results of a quasi-experiment related to using a serious game in the preparation phase of supervised teaching practice as well as during its completion. Methods. The main method of the study is a quasi-experiment with the factor rotation technique. The method comprised two phases with two unequal groups of surveyed university students. In the first phase, the experimental influence was investigated in the first group and the second group served as the control group (to compare the results). In the second phase, the groups were switched around in the quasi-experiment; the control group became the experimental group and vice versa. Results. The presented study has a theoretical-empirical character. In the theoretical part, the characteristics of quasi-experiment and its use are briefly discussed. In the empirical part, the quasi-experiment is applied to the educational reality of future teachers. Supervised practice teaching is an important part of the university education of future teachers. Using a serious game therein is a positive element also when it comes to the development of students’ approach towards supervised teaching practice. Conclusion. Quasi-experiment is used as an experimental method for verification of examined reality. In the educational reality, its realisation is more difficult because it is a more demanding environment than a laboratory one. By realising the quasi-experiment, the theoretical supposition about the positive influence of serious games on the development of a university student’s personality can be confirmed.

Priming Effects for the Unexpected Stimulus in Inattentional Blindness

Author(s): Merve Çakar,Simay İkier / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2021

Studies on inattentional blindness demonstrate that a stimulus that unexpectedly appears in the visual environment may be undetected when attention is engaged in a task. The stimulus can still be processed and remembered at the perceptual and semantic level. The question of whether this is still the case when there are items to be ignored in the visual environment remains. In the present study investigating this question, participants attended to furniture pictures while they ignored other pictures. In the inattention trial, an unexpected word appeared in the middle of the circular display. Participants blind to the word were compared to ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to complete a word fragment with this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 2, participants were more likely to choose the picture of this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. These studies show that the undetected unexpected stimulus is processed at the perceptual and semantic level and produces priming effects on a subsequent task. Findings were discussed with regards to the possible memory correlates of undetected visual information and levels of consciousness.

Deneysel Hayvan Çalışmalarında Robot Kullanımı

Author(s): Oğuzcan Nas,Güneş Ünal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2021

The use of robots in experimental psychology and behavioral neuroscience is emerging as a fundamental method in behavioral experiments using animal models. Utilizing robots in animal experiments provides a substantial advantage for delivering specific stimuli to animals in a selective manner, teaching them different and relatively difficult behaviors, and manipulating group activity. In addition to using individual robots and animals together in behavioral paradigms, biohybrid organisms are created by integrating certain robotic systems with animals. Enabling animals to be controlled by external inputs like robots and enabling robots to be controlled by animals lead to the development of new experimental methods in behavioral animal studies. In addition, artificial intelligence and robotic learning models utilize animal behavior and basic working principles of the nervous system, and the emerging technology can be used in behavioral testing. This review investigates the use of robots and animals in experimental psychology and behavioral neuroscience under three headings. Behavioral tasks that contain animal-robot interactions (1) are discussed, together with biohybrid organisms created by integrating robots into the animals (2) and biology-inspired robotic systems (3). The theoretical and technical contributions of this novel technology and the resulting applications are evaluated.

Testing a Metacognitive Regulation Approach for Judgment of Satiation: Might Hunger and Fullness not be the Polar Opposites of the Same Dimension?

Author(s): Mehmet Akif Güzel,Duygu Güngör / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2020

Despite the existence of several cognitive influences, metacognitive factors on eating and satiation still remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated a relatively recent metacognitive regulation approach and its measurement method in a lab-experiment. Participants (N=216) were shown photografs of varying portions of common lunch foods (selected after a separate study, N=94) and asked to make predicted judgments of satiation (JOS) for each via considering their actual hunger levels and whilst imagining other bodily states (e.g., extremely hungry and completely full). Differences calculated between observed-JOS and their reference scores -those presumed to yield accurate matches for the cases-produced either deviances or none at all (discordant-or concordant-JOS). Hungry-group yielded significantly lower concordant-JOS percentage than full-group regardless of portion size, indicating a clearer cognitive tendency to lose control over consumption when being hungry than satiated. Critically, fullgroup could not imagine extreme hunger as hungry-group whereas hungry-group imagined complete fullness just as full-group did, suggesting that whilst hunger was not an obstacle to imagine fullness, fullness hindered the ability to imagine hunger. These findings suggest that hunger and fullness might not be the polar opposites on the very same dimension, which would, for instance, reveal a need to revisit the treatments of eating disorders accordingly.

KİŞİLİK VE DUYGU DÜZENLEME BECERİSİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TEMEL PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLARIN ARACI ROLÜ

Author(s): Yaşar Kuzucu,Fatma Akın Gökalp,Nermin Koruklu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2020

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between personality and emotion regulation. The sample of the study consists of 714 participants (469 females, 245 males) aged 14-65 years living in Istanbul. As data collection tools; Five Factor Personality Scale, Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire and Basic Psychological Needs Scale were used. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation, analysis of variance and multiple regression. According to the results of the analysis, there is a partial mediation of basic psychological needs between extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, neuroticism and emotion regulation. It was seen that basic psychological needs fully mediated between the agreeableness and emotion regulation. This findings reveals the importance of basic psychological needs in the effect of personality on emotion regulation. In addition, emotion regulation skills were controlled by gender and age, and differentiation was observed in emotional skills according to age.

Faith in a just world and ways to combine with stress and ambiguous situation

Author(s): Sylwia Bokuniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2019

Aim. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at explaining how people who believe in the justice of the world deal with situations of ambiguity and related uncertainty. It was also assumed that the manifested aversion to ambiguity in the subjects correlated with the need for cognitive closure and that people who believe in a just world judge their own effectiveness better, and that people used different strategies to reduce discomfort (stress) related to uncertainty and ambiguity. Methods. The method by which it was possible to answer the research problem posed was a correlation analysis. Five questionnaires were used: the M. Kossowska cognitive closure scale (2003), the E. F. Mcquarri and D. G. Mick ambiguity tolerance scale, the C. Dalbert Just World scale (in-house translation), the COPE inventory and the GSES scale. Results and conclusions. The analyses show that all three hypotheses put forward by the author are confirmed. Along with increasing tolerance of ambiguity, the preference for order and predictability decreases. In turn, as faith in the just world increases, it increases strongly (as a component of the need for cognitive closure). It has also been confirmed that people apply equal strategies for coping with stress in difficult situations to reduce discomfort. Most people surveyed believe in world justice, the more often they use active coping, planning, seeking instrumental support, avoiding competitive activities, turning to religion, positive re-evaluation and development, refraining from action and acceptance as a coping strategy, less often they reach for alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Finally, the author presents the limitations of the research carried out and proposes directions for further analysis to finally indicate the possibilities of applying the results in practice.