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Особенности психофизиологической адаптации учащихся в различных условиях обучения

Author(s): Olga Leonidovna Tarasova,Olga Nikolaevna Chetveric,Alexander Ivanovich Fedorov,Pavel Yurievich Zarchenko,Eduard Mihailovich Kazin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Question studying age-related features of psychophysiological development and school-boys adaptation to educational activity in a variety of the conditions for instruction is of particu-lar relevance in adolescence age of individual development. A comparative analysis of vegeta-tive and neurodynamic indicators younger and older adolescents from educational organiza-tions with varying training intensity (229 persons). The features that reflect the specifics of ado-lescent adaptation to training and factors of educational environment. These results reflect the peculiarities of psychophysiological adaptation of adolescents enrolled in comprehensive school and grammar school. Learners general educational schools are characterized by a more pronounced voltage of adaptation mechanisms, and lower levels of neurodynamic indicators in comparison with by pupils the grammar school, that is especially pronounced at the initial stage of training at the basic school. On indicators of psychophysiological adaptation have an impact typological features of vegetative regulation. For teenagers with the balanced autonomic tone are characteristic of higher rates of psychomotor reactions. Interrelation of vegetative and neu-rodynamic features of is most pronounced at a voltage of adaptation mechanisms and the low level of neurodynamic characteristics. The results can be used to optimize the individually-differentiated approach in educational process taking into account the learning conditions in the educational organization.

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Морфофункциональные показатели и физическая подготовленность студенток 1–2 курсов технического университета, занимающихся аэробикой

Author(s): Vladimir Mihailovich Klimov,Viktor Borisovich Rubanovich,Roman Idelevich Aizman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The characteristics of the physical development and functional status of the first year and second year female students are presented in this article. The students were engaged in aerobics during two academic hours two times a week. The conditions and scope of classes corresponded with the State Standard of education for the discipline "Physical Education" and the choice of sport specialization was carried out by the students independently. It is shown that the majority of the studied and calculated parameters of physical development (height, body weight, circum-ference of chest, lung capacity, the strength of the hands, Ketle and pulmonary indexes); the functional state of the cardiovascular system (blood pressure, heart rate at rest and after stand-ard physical load, indicators of the effectiveness of blood circulation and heart activity); physi-cal working capacity, physical fitness, measured by the level of endurance and the development of power-speed; as well as the integral level of physical health and physical preparedness, cal-culated on the sum of all tests results, were at the level of average normative values for a given age, sex and social group. We detected a few differences in physical development and morpho-logical and functional reserves between first and second year students but the level of physical preparedness of the second year students was significantly higher. The obtained data allow us to conclude that aerobics in the regime of training sessions provides a supporting effect for the functional state of the students during their training and increases their physical preparedness.

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Wpływ autorytetu literackiego na emocje odbiorcy podczas czytania poezji – omówienie wyników eksperymentu

Author(s): Krystian Macheta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The purpose of this article is a presentation and discussion of the results of an experiment connected with the emotional perception of poetry. This research sought to verify the hypothesis which states that revealing a famous name, associated with huge poetic talent, influences the intensity of emotions experienced. 110 people were tested (52 men, 58 women) in four randomly selected groups. Each group had a sheet of paper with the same text but with different authors' names or without any name (control group). The poem was written specially for this experiment. The next step was to measure of type and strength of emotions experienced on a scale of 1 to 7. The results proved that author's status not only influences the strength of emotion, but also determines the type of emotion. This suggests that more often we attribute the character and emotion of a poetic work to the author, rather than the content of the work.

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Wpływ muzyki na zapamiętywanie u osób z doświadczeniem muzycznym

Author(s): Karolina Pius,Natalia Miętus,Agnieszka Olchowik,Iga Parkitna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

This article presents and analyzes research concerning the memorizing and recalling of neutral material while listening to music. 87 students of The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw were questioned. The results obtained indicate that subjects who listen to music while memorizing information on average memorize one item more than subjects who listen to a neutral noise at the same stage. No significant differences were observed between both groups concerning the time of performance and correctness of the order of recalled items. Neither was efficiency of learning was influenced by such variables as musical experience and preferences, or style of learning.

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СОБЫТИЙНО-СИТУАТИВНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ОБРАЗНОГО УРОВНЯ МЕНТАЛЬНОЙ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ

Author(s): Lira Vladimirovna Artischeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The aim of this work is to reflect the imaginative level of mental representation of psychic states with different modality and levels of mental activity: joy, anger, calm, and fatigue. Using the “mental state relief” method, the specificity of psychic states associated with a particular event has been investigated during 24 h exposures. It has been revealed that the relative stability of psychic state image occurs along with the internal dynamics related to the structural image reorganization determined by the psychic state image substructures. It has been found that changes in the image of psychic state caused by a particular event depend on the current events and states.

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Praktyki ukrywania. O pułapkach, pokusach i pożytkach z badań niejawnych

Author(s): Beata Bielska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The goal of the text is to present the critical ethical reflexion on understanding and using covert research. I consider dilemmas that a researcher must face in the field. I also try to analyze how they may be solved. I propose using another and more accurate notion – covering techniques. I also suggest an approach assuming that secrecy is an immanent part of a research process. Those issues are discussed on the basis of the author’s study about selling and buying MA and bachelor theses. It is supplemented by the examples from other research projects the author had taken part in. I refer not only to my personal experience but also to different rules of codes of ethics. I propose the way of acting that could balance between cognitive benefits and subjects’ welfare.

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Psychologiczne znaczenie pieniędzy a makiawelizm

Author(s): Agata Gąsiorowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2016

The aim of this paper was to verify the relation between psychological meaning of money and Machiavellianism. According to recent research, money bolsters self-focus and focus on own goals, motivates to keep resources that are inevitable to reach those goals, and changes the perception of social world from community mode to market-pricing mode, and these phenomena are in turn related to Machiavellianism. However, previous studies in this area examined only the correlations between money attitudes and Machiavellianism. These results have been replicated in the first study presented in this paper: Machiavellianism was related to the belief in the symbolic nature of money, but not to the instrumental focus on money management. Second study showed that the money primes results in higher scores on the MACH-IV scale when compared to control condition, and this effect is stronger among participants who attribute emotional connotations to money.

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Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza kodów moralnych (MFQ-PL)

Author(s): Tomasz Jarmakowski,Lilianna Jarmakowska-Kostrzanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2016

This study presents results of the Polish adaptation and validation procedure of Moral Foundation Questionnaire – a tool for measuring five moral foundations postulated by Moral Foundations Theory by J. Haidt and collaborators (Graham et al., 2011, 2013; Haidt, 2014) – Care/Harm, Fairness/cheating, Loyalty/betrayal, Authority/subversion, and Sanctity/degradation. Psychometric properties of MFQ-PL were evaluated in two samples (N1 = 570, N2= 326) and in aggregated sample, N = 896. Confirmatory analysis (CFA) provided support for five factor model proposed by the theory. This result and high level of temporal stability measure suggest high reliability of MFQ-PL. Our research alongside with other cited studies that employ MFQ-PL confirms high validity of the adapted questionnaire. Also, the research supports the universality of the structure of moral foundations across cultures. The findings proves that MFQ-PL is a reliable and valid tool for measuring scores on five moral foundations.

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Tat Algısı: Hazır Kahve Üzerine Deneysel Bir Uygulama

Author(s): Erol Ustaahmetoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2016

Food and beverage companies have been trying to understand and control the consumer response to their products. Moreover, companies have been to gain a competitive advantage by developing new flavors or modifying the taste of their products. The aim of this study is to determine, whether the participants discriminate their favorite brand by using blind tests. This research was carried out on 71 eligible participants with pro and last measure experiment. The findings from the study did not match the brand, which the participants who expressed that they like, correctly in pro and last measure statistically. In this study, it has been revealed that the assessment with only a single sensory organ is not sufficient to support taste perception in terms of both theory and practice and that other sensory organs should also support it.

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Polska adaptacja trzywymiarowej skali mądrości (3D-WS) M. Ardelt

Author(s): Stanisława Steuden,Paweł Brudek,Paweł Kajetan Izdebski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish 3D-WS can be successfully used for research purposes. The Polish adaptation consists of 39 items covering four dimensions: Cognitive, Affective, Self-Awareness, and Empathic. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 475 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the entire scale and oscillated between .64 and .77 for the subscales. Over the course of the study, it turned out that some subscales of the Polish 3D-WS can be influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education.

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A Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS)

Author(s): Stanisława Steuden,Paweł Brudek,Paweł Kajetan Izdebski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

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Measuring Reactance to Camcorder Symbols Linked to Online News

Author(s): Blanka Bálint,István Kósa / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2021

The aim of the study is to test the validity of a short-scale measuring reactance to a camera symbol associated with online news, indicating the possibility of viewing video footage. The operationalization of reactance means a mixture of anger and negative cognitions preceded by the sense ofdanger of losing one’s freedom (Reynolds-Tylus, 2019). As the brief reactance scale elaborated by Hall and colleagues (2017) contains these elements, we assumed that it would constitute the appropriate basis for the elaboration of further brief reactance scales. Thus, we elaborated a brief reactance scale adequate for measuring reactance to camcorder symbols linked to online news. Data collection took place among the students of Sapientia University (Romania). For analysing the adequacy of the scale, we used confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and convergent validity analysis. We also checked to what extent the elaborated measuring tool could predict the avoidance of news linked with camcorder symbols. The results of this analysis show that in the case of people with high reactance to camcorder symbols, the increase of reactance leads to these people choosing less and less news linked with camcorder symbols. All these prove that despite its limitations the scale constitutes an adequate tool for the measuring of reactance to camcorder symbols.

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Human Givens (İnsana Verilen) Terapinin Etkililiği Üzerine Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması

Author(s): Semra Uçar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Human Givens Therapy (HGT), which is a short-term therapy with an individual-oriented, eclectic and integrative style, in which the therapy process is structured in line with the needs of the individual. At the same time, it is one of the therapies approaches that stand out abroad in the context of new and short-term approaches. With this study, it is aimed to evaluate the research involving HGT practices and to present a framework for HGT in the literature. Searches for the last 10 years were made with “human givens therapy”, human givens approach” and “human givens” keywords on Google Scholars and databases. English or Turkish full-text PDF format articles in the fields of psychology/psychological counseling, where these keywords are mentioned and content is related, were selected. 9 articles were accessed in line with the articles content and article titles. Due to the lack of studies on this approach in Turkey, this research is the first study in Turkey in which HGT is introduced and discussed.

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A review about challenges in obtaining zebrafish embryos through laboratory conditions for studying neuropsychiatric disorders

Author(s): Mădălina-Andreea Robea,Alin Ciobîcă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

For the past several decades, the modeling of specific neuropsychiatric disorders using animal models has been the most useful tool in characterizing the etiological causes, symptoms and treatments in their appearance and development. Because of this increased demand, but also due the need for knowledge from an early stage, the spread of animal models in the research field has led to a comprehensive understanding of husbandry species to obtain a healthy and genetically diverse population. One of the main concerns in lab organism’s husbandry are environmental conditions, recognized as one of the sources of behavior variations. Whether it is about a small space, diet or other abiotic factors that cause stress, knowing and reducing those perturbing influence can support the organism’s accommodation, growth and breeding stages. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a popular organism alongside rodents, and in every aspect of biology, it present advantages that encourage its use in research. In this review, we focused on several parameters implicated directly in the breeding process, even if the ideal scenario for reproduction through laboratory conditions is a challenge most of the time.

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Major dr med. Ludwik Krzewiński – twórca polskiej narkoanalizy

Author(s): Jan Widacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Several recent publications first mentioned (see: T. Dubicki, Samodzielny Referat Techniczy (SRT) Oddziału II Sztabu Generalnego (Głównego) Wojska Polskiego. Geneza, organizacja, personalia, [in:] Sekretna wojna, Z dziejów kontrwywiadu II RP, ed. Z Nawrocki, Poznań 2015) and later described (Widacki, J., The use of narcoanalysis by Polish counterintelligence in the 1930s, “European Polygraph” 2021, vol. 15, No. 1 (53), pp. 41-51; Idem: Stosowanie narkoanalizy przez polski kontrwywiad w okresie międzywojennym, “Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego” 2021, vol. 24, 13-30) how the Second Department of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces used narcoanalysis (“injections debilitating the will”) for counterintelligence purposes in the 1930s. Captain Ludwik Krzewiński, MD, is believed to have been the creator of Polish narcoanalysis, as he designed both the recipes and the technique of their application. Little was known and written about the officer himself, as he even has no separate entry in T. Dubicki and A. Suchcitz’s fundamental four-volume biographical dictionary (Oficerowie wywiadu WP i PSZ w latach 1939–1945, Warszawa–Łomianki, 2009–2019). However, the life history of Krzewiński, and especially the remarkable fate of that officer of the Second Department of the General Staff in the wake of the September 1939 campaign, has as yet not been analysed by the historians of Polish intelligence. Its investigation required examining archives stored both in Poland (Central Military Archives, Archives of New Records (AAN), the State Archive in Warsaw, and the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance) and in the US, as well as inclusion of accounts by members of Krzewiński’s family discovered in the United Kingdom. This article is the product of the research described above.

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The List Length Effect and Immediate Free Recall of Visually Displayed Information in Various Forms

Author(s): Petr Bartoš,Mikuláš Gangur / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper investigated four main phenomena connected with the free immediate recall and visual representation of the information: list-length effect, serial position effect, horizontal versus vertical presentation of the information, expression of the information in the form of the symbol, text, and symbol with text. The number of examined respondents was 4140. The experiment revealed a different memory recall of various forms of visually displayed information and studied a dependency of list length effect on primacy and recency effect. The results showed that people recall better the combination of symbols and text than only text or symbols. The other finding indicated a significant difference between the number of recalled items in the tests of 5, 7, and 9 items. The respondents recalled the highest number of items in 5-item tests and the lowest number in 9-item tests. There was investigated that the proportions of the respondents recalling the items from the beginning is higher than those of the respondents recalling the items from the end. The results showed that the primacy effect was higher than the recency effect regardless of the list length (5, 7, or 9 items tests). This article's findings should help design visually optimized websites and applications.

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Urdu Translation and the Validation of a 14-Item Measure to Assess Stress Management Skills in Healthcare Workers: Measurement Invariance Across Gender

Author(s): Yumna Ali,Syeda Farhana Kazmi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study aims to conduct an Urdu translation and a validation of the ISBF Stress Management Skills Scale in two distinct phases. The first phase includes the forward-back translation method for ISBF. The second phase includes cross validation and the establishment of psychometric properties for the ISBF scale. A sample of 500 adults working in health care was taken from different hospitals and dispensaries. The first phase of the study includes the forward-back translation method. The second phase includes exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with invariance measurement. The total reliability of the scale is reported to be .812. EFA revealed a two-factor structure for ISBF scale, with configural, metric and scalar invariance across males and females, and comparable latent mean scores for males and females. CFA showed goodness-of fit indices for the two factors. The scale showed good internal consistency values. The model fit value includes the value for the goodness of fit index, which was .979, for the adjusted goodness-of fit index: .961, for the comparative fit index: .993, for the incremental fit index: .993, and for the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value: .033. Good values of composite reliability and convergent validity were measured for both dimensions of the scale. The scale shows that this diagnostic tool can help to assess the skills used to manage stress. For criterion validity, the coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-21) was used, which showed positive correlations. The subscale of stress management was taken from the Health Promoting Life Style Profile II (HPLP-II), which also showed positive correlations. Significant mean differences were found between scores of healthcare workers with stress management skills and with those without stress management skills. The group of mean differences indicated the females have greater stress management skills as compared to men. The Urdu translated and validated instrument will be helpful in understanding behavior in healthcare settings.

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Correlational Research on Mobile Phone Addiction and the Interpersonal Relationship Distress of Chinese College Students

Author(s): Liming He,Shaogang Yang,Yangyang Meng / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In this essay, we utilized the following scales: Mobile and Internet Addiction Test, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Negative Coping Style Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Relationships Assessment Scale. With those, we surveyed 1,730 college students, investigating the influence of mobile phone addiction on their interpersonal relationship distress and the mediating chain effect of basic psychological needs and negative coping styles on mobile phone addiction and interpersonal relationship distress. The results indicate that: (1) Mobile phone addiction can predict interpersonal relationship distress in college students; (2) Basic psychological needs serve as the mediating variables between mobile phone addiction and interpersonal relationship distress; (3) Negative coping styles prove to be the mediator between mobile phone addiction and interpersonal relationship distress; and (4) Basic psychological needs and negative coping styles establish a mediating chain effect between mobile phone addiction and interpersonal relationship distress.

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See no isotropy, hear no isotropy: Perceived distance anisotropy in auditory space

Author(s): Anđela Šoškić,Marija Stublinčević,Oliver Tošković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the tendency to perceive vertical distances as larger than horizontal ones, called the anisotropy of perceived distance, exists in the auditory modality, too. We performed two experiments in which participants (16+20) had a task to match distances of two sound sources, positioned on horizontal and vertical axes, on three egocentric distances. Besides that, in the second experiment, we varied the head moving towards a sound source (with and without) and sound dispersion around the head (with or without a box-like frame around the head). Results showed that participants managed to differentiate sound source distances, but the effects of head moving (proprioceptive information) and sound dispersion around the head were not obtained. Finally, results showed differences in matched distances between two directions. Distances of the vertical sound source were systematically perceived as larger than physically equal horizontal ones, which coincide with findings from previous studies, related to visual or proprioceptive distance estimates.

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IMPLICAŢII METODOLOGICE ALE TEORIEI SISTEMELOR DINAMICE NELINIARE ÎN PSIHOLOGIE

Author(s): Lucia E. Faiciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this paper is to put in evidence some concepts of the dynamic approach for the psychological processes that can show the limits of the traditional experimental model and can support a new kind of methodology, namely a dynamic one. A very condensed general characterization of this new kind of emerging methods is made in the second part of my paper.

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