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This article aims to present in summary form the problem of the specific features and expressions of fear in childhood. The object of this article are the psychological characteristics of fear, its manifestations – what causes and what prevents the fear, fear mechanisms and opportunities to overcome it.
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The purpose of this study is to present some of the leading theories in the social and pedagogical practice relative to primary school age to identify better and psychological specificity in child development.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the mechanisms of development of rules and standards of behavior and communication in assisting groups and on this basis, each member of the group and to realize their responsibility to themselves, to others in the group to lead. Without prejudice to his rights as a member of the group, it is necessary to develop such rules to facilitate effective group work.
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Children need care, support and protection. The critical political and social circumstances in Bulgaria during the different historical periods put them into risk situation. Timely specialized and adequate intervention contributes to the harmonical development of the child personality and to providing for a better social life.
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Psychological characteristics of gangs are essential for revealing the mechanisms of criminal behavior in general. The study of the character of the offender, regardless of his surroundings would build a complete and accurate description, which could lead to inadequate selection of approaches for dealing. In this paper an attempt is made to explore is the role and place of gangs as factors of an offense and on but this should be offered adequate strategy for implementing measures educational impact.
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Professional competence of students as future specialists in social work is considered. As a result of generalization the main professional competences of the specialist in social work are described.
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In the present study, we discuss psychological acculturation, by which we mean the internal processes of change that immigrants experience when they come into direct contact with members of the host culture. The model we present builds on research in the areas of social and ethnic identity. Each of these perspectives is discussed in accordance with its relevance to the acculturative processes operating in immigrants. We understand ethnic identity as a dynamic state, that is determined by three components: (1) by the degree of inclusion in the group of one’s cultural origin; (2) the tendency to assimilate to the ethnic group of origin; and (3) the complementary tendency to differentiate from one’s own ethnic group. Social identity conveys belonging of the individual to different social categories and the value as well as emotional significance of this membership. We have sought to explain how the processes of social categorization, inand out-group identification and social comparison predetermine the direction of the acculturation process and hence the intercultural interaction and wellbeing of the youth from immigrant backgrounds in Germany. Results indicated that immigrants who have more identified themselves with dominant society have expressed the strong preference to integration strategies. The immigrants that had a high degree of ethnic identification have expressed the low preference to the integration as well to marginalization and assimilation. In its turn, the powerful feeling of belonging to an ethnic group and attitude towards the group promotes immigrants segregation choice.
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This article deals with the problem of school exclusion and methods of its study. It was a theoretical analysis of the literature on the research topic. The definition and characteristics of school exclusion arising in the process of adaptation to the conditions of schoolboy learning, empirically revealed its performance, the factors of adaptive violation of school age. The aim is to study the psychological characteristics of school exclusion of students of junior classes and directions of its prevention. The paper discusses the results of the current study. The study was conducted as part of the dissertation.
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This paper is dedicated to the study of the genesis of the “mental health” and “psychological health” concepts, finding identifying features and differences of these concepts. In the framework of the “health psychology” scientific field, the psychological determinants of health, methods and ways of its preservation, improvement and development were considered. In the process of theoretical research of the psychological wellbeing concepts, basic principles in the analysis of socio-psychological health were defined. The paper affirms that the psychological health is a dynamic set of a person’s mental properties, which ensure harmony between the needs of the individual and the society, which is one of the basic conditions for successful self-realisation. It also states that it is the coherence of a person’s motives, objectives, and values with the requirements of his/her environmental and his/her own internal abilities that is the main condition and manifestation of psychological health.
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This review paper presents the study of the phenomenon of the informal associations in the recreational-leisure spheres. Detected the degree of their influence on the formation of personality. Developed segmentation of these group associations. Described the psychological characteristics of each cluster. Determine their psychological needs, given the comparative characteristics.
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Childhood aggression is an important focus for educatures and parents owing to its relative stability over time and consistent link to a variety of negative outcomes later in adolescence including delinquency,substance use, conduct problems,poor adjustment and academic diffiuculties. In addition verbaland physical aggression often are the first signs,as well as later desining symptoms,of several childhood phychiartie disorders. By adolescence, this developmental course results in a hightened risk of substance use, delinqnent acts, and school failure.
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In this work, on the the background of diachronic discourse on development of the concept of intelligence with an emphasis on methodological characteristics and problematic points, is represented the current trend of development of this concept with great practical value, are shown different paradigmatic solutions and open debates.
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The study examines the nature and importance of the feast, in the context of role theory of personality. Highlighted specific features of the holiday are potential arguments about the feast on the formation of disposition “being” as fundamental to sociability personality.
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In this study, based on an analysis of theoretical positions, results of psychological-pedagogical experiment revealed the individual psychological characteristics of the musical memory of students in the learning process. Defined conditions for the development of musical memory of students, taking into account its kinds, types and processes. The character of the influence of the level of musical memory of the success of training is fond out.
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The author is an expert in the problems of criminal rehabilitation. In the paper are considered some philosophical, psychological, ethical and legal dimensions of the integration of former criminals.
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The death is not attractive to anyone, but is resident for each living creatures. Its conversion into taboo leads to a different transformations. We may find their expression in a symbolic funeral rituals. From this perspective, mourning and funeral rites of the Bulgarians proved particularly significant in shaping the attitudes toward death. If we linking these attitudes with specific stages of life, the dynamic in the attitude of Bulgarians towards the end of life will be clearly traceable.
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This paper is an attempt for a comparative analysis of the views of critical psychology for some shortcomings of clinical psychology and the basic principles of psychological counseling. Baseline is the large degree of overlap between the three activities clinical psychology, counseling and psychotherapy. This allows a certain convention to assume that what critical psychology makes as a criticism of the clinical concerns also counseling and psychotherapy. In this respect, in comparison to the consultation placed are such psychological aspects of clinical activity as the dominance of the medical model, the understanding of mental disorders in the context of social power and influence, consideration of ethnic, cultural and social realities in the assessment of the client side values psychological effects. The conclusion drawn is that psychological counseling methodologically and practically reaches some of the views of critical psychology.
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The term borderline personality organization more accurately describes the people who do have a specific, stable, pathological personality organization, which is not a transitory state fluctuating between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality organization is characterized by diffuse identity, the use of primitive defenses, generally intact fragile reality testing, impairments in affect regulation and sexual and aggressive expression, inconsistent internalized values, and poor quality of relations with others.
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The phenomenon of volunteer activity is actively studied by psychologists and sociologists from different countries. Despite the fact that the interpretation of volunteering has some distinctive features due to cultural differences, they do not contradict each other in general. The greatest interest is aroused by the motives and values of volunteers, the study of which has become significant in sociological and psychological research over the past decade. This article presents studies of the motives and values of Russian volunteers.
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The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the possibilities of using the electronic "Ukrainian National Biographical Archive" (UNBA) in the field of humanitarian knowledge based on a specific applied historical and psychological study. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific methods of analysis of theoretical material and statistical and comparative methods of analysis of specific empirical data, their systematisation and generalisation. The scientific novelty of the research is characterised by the use of information technologies, large volumes of data, and methods of statistical processing in the traditionally humanitarian field of research, which is characterised by a predominantly descriptive approach. Conclusions. On the example of the proposed study, an approach is presented that will allow to significantly expand the possibilities of both specific biographical investigations and studies of socio-historical, ethnological, and historical-psychological directions. Large-scale volumes and detailed structuring of the biographical archive (UNBA) according to its thematic, chronological, and gender distribution allows presenting the system itself as the core of the scientific activity of the virtual historical and biographical laboratory. Analogues of this approach do not exist in Ukraine today due to the uniqueness of the biographical archive (UNBA) itself, which combines the widest possible coverage of national biographical material with its detailed structuring. As a perspective of further research in the presented direction, we see the study of the dynamics of changing the archetypal features of the generalised image of Ukrainians in the temporal perspective. This includes answers to the question: how were the spheres of social activity of men and women correlated in different periods, the scaling of which is possible from centuries to one generation, i.e. 20-30 years? How statistically significant are these changes? We consider another interesting direction to be the identification of archetypal characteristics of Ukrainians depending on the places of social activity, birth, etc. – the so-called geographical rubrics.
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