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The paper includes materials from the International Scientific Conference "Psychology in the Third Millennium - Problems and Solutions" (25.10.2019) and the Conference of Students - Future Psychologists (26.10.2019). The scientific achievements presented in this collection are useful both for specialists in the field of psychology and for specialists in the field of education, medicine, social work, who are interested in the present and future of psychology.
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Monografia "Intuicja w podejmowaniu decyzji kierowniczych" stanowi interesującą poznawczo i oryginalną pracę dotyczącą problematyki intuicji w procesach podejmowania decyzji. Przemawia za tym ważkość podjętego problemu i jego wnikliwe ujęcie, oparte na solidnych podstawach teoretycznych, wzmocnione rzetelnymi badaniami empirycznymi. Na podstawie szeroko zakrojonej analizy literatury przedmiotu dokonano udanej konceptualizacji i operacjonalizacji intuicji w praktyce podejmowania decyzji poprzez zaprojektowanie autorskiego narzędzia umożliwiającego pomiar poziomu potencjału intuicyjnego oraz stopnia jego wykorzystania w procesach decyzyjnych. Narzędzie to może być z powodzeniem wykorzystane przez praktyków zarządzania w celu określenia braków kompetencyjnych w tym obszarze. W wyniku realizacji części empirycznej pracy zidentyfikowano i stworzono także typologię determinant wykorzystania intuicji w procesach decyzyjnych oraz dokonano hierarchizacji sytuacji i warunków decyzyjnych wymagających odwołania się do intuicji. Otrzymane w tym obszarze rezultaty mają także wymiar aplikacyjny poprzez uświadomienie decydentom szczególnej roli intuicji w określonych sytuacjach decyzyjnych. Za kolejny wkład w rozwój nauk o zarządzaniu uznać można nakreślenie i empiryczną weryfikację profilu intuicyjnego decydenta. Jako bardzo wartościowy recenzenci wydawniczy monografii ocenili opracowany przez autorkę konceptualny model procesu podejmowania decyzji integrujący intuicję z racjonalną analizą. W trakcie realizacji postępowania badawczego model ten został poddany rekonstrukcji, w wyniku której został sformułowany model empiryczny. W tym modelu sprecyzowano poszczególne etapy oraz podjęto próbę odtworzenia przebiegu procesu decyzyjnego zakładającego współistnienie podejścia intuicyjnego i racjonalnego w praktyce podejmowania decyzji. Zidentyfikowano etapy wspólne dla obydwu podejść oraz te, które je różnicują. Opinie menedżerów przyczyniły się do wyróżnienia faz procesu, w których szczególną rolę odgrywa intuicja, oraz tych o charakterze analitycznym. Efektem dialogu z decydentami było także zidentyfikowanie występujących między poszczególnymi fazami sprzężeń zwrotnych. Dodatkowo model ten został uzupełniony o determinanty, które decydują o przewadze podejścia intuicyjnego lub racjonalnego w realizowanym procesie decyzyjnym. Uzyskane w tym obszarze rezultaty poznawcze z pewnością mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia dla przyszłych zamierzeń badawczych podejmowanych przez przedstawicieli nauki. Przeprowadzone studia literaturowe oraz badania empiryczne na reprezentatywnej grupie przedsiębiorstw pozwalają na sformułowanie implikacji dla praktyki gospodarczej. Podstawową kwestią w tym aspekcie jest uświadomienie decydentom roli intuicji we współczesnych procesach decyzyjnych oraz możliwości jej doskonalenia, a także sformułowanie rekomendacji dla kadry zarządzającej dotyczących perspektyw wykorzystania intuicji w przyszłości. Podsumowując, można stwierdzić, że uzyskane rezultaty poznawcze wnoszą nowe treści do nauk o zarządzaniu, a opracowana monografia jest pierwszą w Polsce pracą, która gruntownie przedstawia problematykę intuicji w procesach podejmowania decyzji kierowniczych w wymiarze zarówno teoretycznym, jak i empirycznym.
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The world we live in has countless organizations that are born, grow or disappear. The use of human resources is very common and essential for all types of organizations at all times. They ensure the survival and tryingness of the organization in today's dynamic business environment. The investment in human resources means not only the regular salary payments but also employees' personal and professional development in order to enhance their job skills and act responsibly when necessary. The traditional approach to human resources management implies only the costs for the job performed. The unique values of human resources imply both the ability of personal and professional development and the desire of self-improvement as standards of the modern world require.Work evaluation can have a negative impact and that happens when the manager considers the employee, as individual, accountable for bad job performance and does not take an account of the weak areas of performance evaluation and control.
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This article represents an analysis of the impact on employees of insurance companies in Romania, of the changes that occurred following the crisis generated by the Coronavirus pandemic. With the implementation of traffic restrictions in the spring of 2020 and the introduction of quarantine in Romania, companies were forced to resort to alternative means of conducting and continuing the activity in safe conditions for employees. The main change was the implementation of work at home, doubled by a strong progress of digitalization in the field.The orientation of companies towards the customer, the desire to offer the most complete services and the need to work as much as possible in the online environment, accelerated the digital transformation processes, offering a new perspective to both customers and employees who were able to experience a large number migrating to work from home.This article pays more attention to the analysis of the direct relationship between staff motivation in the case of work at home and the results obtained, with the final result - the sustainability of the organization's activity.
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The publication is a comprehensive study on job satisfaction and job performance. It presents the leading perspectives, theories, and models of the described phenomena, so far analyzed mainly in foreign literature. The presented research attempts to find the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance, and the obtained results shed new light on their relation-ship, which turns out to be more complex than previously assumed. This book is for management practitioners, including managers, team leaders, human resource management specialists, and others interested in organizational studies. It is also a valuable source of knowledge for psychology and management students.
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Nowadays, individual differences in the readiness to use technology significantly impact both our private as well as professional life. The monograph aims to introduce the concept of technology readiness from a psychological perspective. Readiness is discussed in the broad context of the specifics of technology and its impact on society, the development of HCI and cyberpsychology and a comprehensive review of research in the field of technology readiness in Poland and abroad. The publication also aims to show how the scale can be used to measure readiness in research as well as in HRM or UX practice.
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The publication Cookbook for lectors of experientially oriented courses, or we are (Not)cooking just with water intends firstly to the students of the discipline Social education and leisure time, as theoretical and practical support of their studies focused on leisure education, personal and social development and experientially oriented courses, but also during their next profiling. The name and content is interwoven with metaphors, those invite readers to creative attitude when processing the information. This creativity is fragrant spice supporting the taste of lector´s work. Here readers meet with concepts such as game, education, passed experience, present experience, experience, dramaturgy, script, motivation, reflection and feedback, methodics (preparation and implementation) of experientially oriented events, team, it´s role, lector and his/her personal and professional growth and psychohygiene. The book is not database of games, but collective work that summarizes our own experience. The topics introduce collage that in the end captures our conception of experiential education and experiential reflective learning. This is partly influenced by the target group, students, who pass trough this way to gain appropriate competencies with the aim to become qualite personalities and experts in their proffesion. Part of the publication is handbook. We want to give students space for their own notes and commentary based on their own experience, that we find as the key concept in learning process.
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Jsou různé varianty, z čeho budeme vařit, abychom hosty chutně pohostili. V lektorské práci je součástí takových příprav i tvorba týmu. Na jedné straně můžeme oslovit konkrétní lidi, které bychom si přáli v týmu mít a nereagovat na další zájemce z jiných řad, na straně druhé můžeme rozeslat e-mail všem lidem kolem sebe, že máme v plánu dělat nějaký kurz či tábor a zájemci jsou zváni ke spolupráci. Obojí má svá pro a proti (a je možné pohybovat se i na pomyslné škále těchto dvou extrémů), nicméně chceme-li, aby tým šlapal, tak to pro nás znamená, že se všichni členové doplňují a spolupracují.
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The present book deals with classroom interaction. It builds on 987 minutes of recordings of university seminars in English as a foreign language. Using conversation analysis, the book describes how the classroom members took turns, managed repair sequences, switched between English and Czech and how they conducted student presentations. The book closely investigates classroom interaction in English language teaching, but it also aims to contribute to the discussions about researching (not only classroom) interaction.
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Objective. The first aim of this paper is to identify the important features of five entrepreneurial career categories: reasons for pursuing entrepreneurship, preparing for entrepreneurship, launch of entrepreneurship, risks and family background. The second aim of the paper is to describe the profiles of young entrepreneurs using the five entrepreneurial career categories. Method. An 80-minute focus group session with 7 young entrepreneurs aged 26 to 30 years led by 2 moderators. The discussion focused on launching the business and its subsequent development. The discussion was audio recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were processed using Atlas.ti software. Results. The qualitative content analysis of the transcriptions revealed the building blocks of the five entrepreneurial career categories. Seven entrepreneur profiles were created. The findings show various elements and factors affect decisions about entrepreneurial careers. Conclusions. The paper contributes to knowledge relating to the content of the five categories, and specifically to beginning an entrepreneurial career. The individual profiles of the young entrepreneurs reveal the diversity, peculiarities and similarities of the beginnings of an entrepreneurial career. The aim behind the young entrepreneur profiles is to provide effective stimuli for university students attending career planning courses. Limitations. The findings presented here are based on a single focus group discussion, and so cannot be generalized. The size and composition of the focus group (age, gender and region) could be considered a limitation, or conversely as a strength.
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The publication is script that have both a theoretical and a practical dimension. It apprises with the basics of short-term education in kindergartens, such as project teaching and integrated thematic training. The crucial third chapter focuses on the design process itself, in which it is the primary task of the student / teacher to choose the appropriate content of education according to the educational goals and to plan a reasonable educational offer including effective educational strategies supporting the development of each individual child. The conclusion of the publication is devoted to assessing both the process and the outcomes of education.
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One of the factors influencing the quality of teaching is teacher shortage, caused, among other factors, also by drop-out of qualified teachers who leave their schools or the teaching profession. The most vulnerable professional group are novice teachers. The book discusses the findings of a research study realized in Czech primary and lower secondary schools, focusing on the processes of socialization of novice teachers and their objective determinants. The determinants were identified at the interactive level (pupils, class), institutional level (school, colleagues, leadership) and cultural level (close community including parents and broader cultural, social and political context). The authors formulated recommendations for educational policy, teacher educators and school leaders.
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The book summarizes the results of the project “Diversification of Preschool Education in the Czech Republic: Inclusion, Exclusion and Social Inequalities”. The research is based on group and individual interviews, mapping the context of preschool education and direct observations in preschools. It explores the links between social inequalities and the diversifying supply of preschool education, especially in connection to parental choices and strategies related to preschool selection. The book focuses on microprocesses of (re)constructing social differences that are grounded in the ethos of the facility, as well as in parents' perceptions of their children's temperaments and their understanding of childhood and children's needs in preschool age.
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The publication is a methodological text intended for academic staff who teach in the study programmes Teacher for Primary Schools and Teacher for Kindergartens. It aims to present a reflective approach to initial teacher education and the role of the professional portfolio in it. The publication focuses on both the process and the product of the professional portfolio. It emphasises the role of portfolio in professional development and student learning and its use in evaluating educational processes. It should help teacher educators to understand the reflective process of becoming a teacher and to promote individualisation and authenticity in the professional development of students. An integral part of the methodological text is a study brochure for students (skriptum), which serve as a guide to creating their own portfolios which may be effectively used e.g. as a material for the final state exam.
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Classroom management is one of the decisive factors in the case of beginning teachers regarding whether they remain in the profession and in the case of experienced teachers regarding their satisfaction in the profession. For beginning teachers, it is an area that they seldom learnt at their faculties and that they learn first in their teaching practice. Yet when teachers are not able to manage their class, they are not able to teach their pupils something either. The monograph presents findings about student teachers in their teaching practice and their mentor teachers at lower secondary schools. Our research is based on classroom observation, interviews, and questionnaires. We study behavioral and instructional management and describe their relation to need for closure.
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The text offers information on visual impairment and its impact on the educational process and school work. The text provides background information for ordinary school teachers not only about the special educational needs of a pupil with visual impairment, but also about how to support the inclusive climate of the classroom in accepting diversity, cooperating pupils and communicating with each other in the classroom. The text also offers information on the role of drama in inclusive education.
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Education of pupils with learning disabilities has been in the centre of attention of teachers, parents as well as the general public. When solving our project we verified several ways of teaching mathematics at an ordinary primary school, which might help included pupils to handle some of their problems with this subject. Key activities had been prepared in order to introduce new approaches to teaching pupils with learning disorders in heterogeneous classes, with respect to development and strengthening of pupils' competences. Our project gave a positive outcome in changing attitudes of the included pupils to mathematics and improvement of their results. Also, the structured way of teaching mathematics helped most pupils in the class.
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Mobbing, which is an important problem in the workplace, has recently received more and more attention in academic and business environments. Mobbing is a series of actions that have social and psychological multidimensional features and are frequently seen in the business environment. Mobbing can manifest itself as behaviors, words, actions, gestures or writings that affect personality, dignity, physical and psychological integrity. Mobbing has negative effects on the working environment. These range from stress and depression to psychosomatic disorders and even chronic diseases. Mobbing in the workplace is repetitive, unreasonable malicious behavior towards an employee or a group of employees that poses a risk to health and safety. It can manifest itself in the form of intimidation, physical violence, discrimination. It is important to be aware of the phenomenon of mobbing, which can cause serious negative effects at the individual, organizational and even social level, to determine its causes and to take precautions.
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