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Model chování souvisejícího se zdravím – analýza latentní faktorové struktury

Author(s): Jana Marie Havigerová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola sleduje projevy chování souvisejícího se zdravím, pozornost je zaměřena na skupinu projevů chování preventivního a protektivního, a to, jak název projektu předjímá, především dvou typů – chování zdraví podporujícího a zdraví poškozujícího. Sledováno je chování v jeho každodenní podobě. Projevy chování (a jeho konsekvence v rámci dalších samostatných studií) jsou zkoumány na běžné populaci (snahou bylo získat reprezentativní vzorek dospělé české populace). Respondenti pocházejí z prostředí, kde jsou socioekonomické podmínky na takové úrovni, že lze anticipovat možnost volby chování souvisejícího se zdravím – pro ilustraci, pociťuje-li typizovaný jedinec z našeho výzkumného souboru žízeň, má zpravidla možnost zvolit mezi několika alternativami, například zda si uvaří čaj, koupí slazenou limonádu nebo třeba natočí vodu z kohoutku (v prostředí, kde je nouze o vodu, patrně lidé nebudou řešit, zda preferovat perlivou nebo neperlivou), vycházíme tedy z předpokladu blahobytu.

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Neuropsychologické markery chování zdraví podporujícího a neuropsychologické markery chování zdraví ohrožujícího

Author(s): Lubomír Vašina / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola se opírá o nové paradigma pojímání vztahu mezi mozkem a psychikou. Potvrdit, nebo vyvrátit hypotézu, že psychický fenomén je specifický fenomén kvantové povahy (SQC phenomenon), který má nelineární povahu a je více než jedenáctirozměrný, nelze v rámci jednoho výzkumného projektu. Zvýšené nároky jsou dány skutečností, že máme k dispozici pouze takové diagnostické nástroje, které jsou schopny měřit jevy lineární povahy. Přesto chceme v naší výzkumné činnosti dospět k podstatě lidské psychiky a k mechanismům, které zabezpečují fungování živého mozku, nesoucí sebe organizující, sebe regulující a sebe si uvědomující fenomén já, manifestující se na makroskopické úrovni. Tak složitý problém je možné řešit pouze transdisciplinárně a po etapách, kdy výsledky jedné ukončené etapy jsou současně zdrojem informací pro konstituování etapy následující.

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Overconfidence as a Cognitive Bias and its Implications for Insurance Industry

Author(s): Tomáš Ondruška / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The behavior of individuals is influenced by many biases that cause their deviation from the rationality. One of them, discussed extensively in the financial industry is cognitive bias - overconfidence. It is a firmly established feature of an individual behavior in the psychological point of view. On the other hand in the economics it is extensively explained by inefficient market outcomes connected to a biased sense of self-confidence. In short, the bias is shown for numerous real-world situations and cause changes in consumers’ behavior.

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Power Play, Because of Pay? How Pay Transparency Affects Counterproductive Work Behaviors

Author(s): Andrew Millin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

With social comparison theory as our theoretical foundation, how employees target one another based on the presentation of information that they see and evaluate, we explain how process pay transparency and outcome pay transparency affect the probability of counterproductive work behaviors from employees toward individuals (CWB-I) and organizations (CWB-O). We utilize field study data courtesy of Mendeley (“Pay Communication, Justice and Affect: The Asymmetric Effects of Process and Outcome Pay Transparency on Counterproductive Workplace Behavior,” 2020) and select methods from SimanTov-Nachlieli and Bamberger (2021, 235) using SmartPLS. While three hypotheses failed to produce significant results, and the only hypothesis that produced significant results was not supported (process pay transparency negatively, not positively, related to counterproductive work behaviors directed at the organization), our final bootstrapped SEM fit our data for our saturated model (SRMR = 0.046 < 0.08, NFI = 0.915 > 0.9). Implications are discussed.

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Applying Behavioural Economics to Bring In Social Transformation: Rural Shoring for Stakeholder Wellbeing

Author(s): Vikramaditya Kanodia,Rima Ghose Chowdhury / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Corporates have won wars with human behavioural dimensions and their interplay as starting points. Using behavioural economics has helped corporates advance business causes and create win-win situations. This chapter aims to highlight the motivating factors of social research such as stimulation of respondents, sense of participation, growth of knowledge, the quest for progress, and curiosity to understand the cause and effect relationship of various social phenomena. The research aims at finding: How a behaviour change impacted society? How a societal outlook change furthered a business cause? This chapter also attempts to provide a strong case for corporates to explore behavioural economics to further their businesses ethically and inclusively. The premise brings unique value to end consumers in a perceived upliftment of socioeconomic worth.

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SPOTŘEBITELSKÉ CHOVÁNÍ V CESTOVNÍM RUCHU – GENERACE X, Y, Z

Author(s): Ondřej Repík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The development of our society and particular markets can be observed in certain generational waves. Tourism sector is no exception. Generational waves and changes in consumer demand are key factors that determine the direction in which tourism develops, who it affects, what kind of preferences individual consumers have and how market supply evolves. Generational waves have gradually become one of the most important factor which influences current and future shape of tourism and its market environment. Following text is dedicated to the development of consumer behavior, habits, expectations and preferences in tourism in the context of generational renewal of society.

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THE EFFECT OF CZECH CONSUMERS’ SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON FAIRTRADE GOODS BUYING

Author(s): Linda Plaváková,Ondřej Částek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ethical consumerism is a growing field. It attracts increasingly more attention not only from the supply and demand sides, but also from researchers. Numerous surveys are trying to describe consumers’ behavior, many studies are trying to identify and analyze what contributes to the higher ethical consumption. Yet, we can claim that in the case of the Czech Republic, though ethical consumerism is not really a terra incognita here, the evidence is still not comprehensive. This paper therefore aims to fill a gap in the understanding of Czech Fairtrade goods consumers. Namely, the sociodemographic characteristics and their effect on Fairtrade goods consumption will be examined. The results show that women tend to buy Fairtrade goods more often. University educated and younger consumers more often decide to buy Fairtrade goods, but once they decide so, the effect on the frequency of their purchases is not very clear. It is also possible that the effect of age is only spurious.

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Expected Behavior of Healthcare Professionals

Author(s): Petrac Skálová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article deals with healthcare management and the expected behavior of healthcare staff from the point of view of students. Here are presented results of the research focusing on the views of students of the Faculty of Health Studies of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen in last three years. First, the basic theoretical starting points and the results of the foreign surveys from the healthcare sector are presented, followed by conclusions from the questionnaire survey of students of selected branches of the aforementioned faculty. This research also revealed some factors that affect students in choosing their future jobs. The behavior of healthcare professionals is an important factor in increasing the satisfaction of their colleagues as well as patients and in creating a pleasant work environment.

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STRATEGIE PREVENTIVNÍHO PŮSOBENÍ U DĚTÍ NA ZÁKLADNÍ ŠKOLE

Author(s): Tereza Krčmářová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The overview study deals with the issue of prevention of aggressive behaviour among elementary school pupils. Two databases were selected for the research – the database ERIC for collection of world-class documents and EBSCO for Czech written articles. There are five documents, three of them are foreign and two domestic. Based on the analysis, we have found answers on given questions – What is the most common method of collecting data? How many people were used in the sample? What kind of preventive strategies are offered to prevent violence and aggression? Researchers use both qualitative methods and quantitative methods to collect required data. It depends on the specific focus of the research. The questionnaire and the semi-structured interview are often used ways because their combination is for us the most efficient. The prevention of aggressive behaviour is divided into two categories according to the focus and provide analysis. The authors prefer to start the prevention in a family and its further cooperation with other institutions. Based on a detailed study of provided materials, the most suitable way of prevention is to connect all three pillars - prevention in the family, social environment and in schools.

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NÁZORY ŽÁKŮ NA PRIMÁRNÍ PREVENTIVNÍ PROGRAM „HRA NA HRANĚ“ NA VYBRANÝCH ŠKOLÁCH

Author(s): Michaela Fialová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents a program of primary prevention called ‘Stacked Deck’ of the American organization Hazelden, which has been taken over into the Czech environment by the Company Podané ruce o.p.s. This game focuses on the problem of gambling. The program is designed for pupils from 7th to 9th grades of elementary schools and pupils of secondary schools. The chapter refers to the pathological gambling in theory with a focus on the emergence of addiction, treatment, and the risk of addiction. In the research, we have focused on pupils‘ views on the primary prevention program in particular on activities offered to pupils. The aim was to find out which activities are the most and least attractive for pupils.

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POTŘEBY DĚTÍ S PORUCHOU POZORNOSTI NA ZÁKLADNÍ ŠKOLE A EFEKTIVNÍ PODPŮRNÁ OPATŘENÍ (PŘEHLEDOVÁ STUDIE)

Author(s): Kateřina Štrausová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The presented research study deals with foreign studies focused on education of children with attention deficit disorder (ADHD/ADD) in the elementary school environment. The main aim is to describe educational needs of the children and their effective supportive measures. There are analysed 6 studies. The final analysis focuses on educational needs of children during the compulsory education. There are presented effective supportive measures in the school environment which facilitate the education process and fulfil the educational need of children with attention deficit disorder. The contemporary studies and their innovative attitudes are more than inspirational and can be used in Czech education system as well.

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PODPORA DETÍ V RIZIKU SMÚTENIA V ŠKOLSKOM PROSTREDÍ

Author(s): Viktor Križo / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The chapter deals with the issue of children grieving over the loss of a parent in the school environment. The aim is to clarify the process of grieving, needs and symptoms of the children and provide a management overview of grieving in schools to highlight the complex system of child care in the school environment. Based on a case study, the chapter describes resources and risks of a young boy after mother‘s death and the proces of longitudinal accompanying in the school environment. Analysis of art therapy and intervention, communication with the child, teachers and the bereaved parent refers to the importance of school support, recognition of supportive measures in the case of the grieving child, close cooperation and resilient environment in the class. Early intervention with the child, further education of teachers and other school employees is an essential part of the school support.

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RODINNÁ TERAPIE JAKO NÁSTROJ POMOCI PRO DĚTI A MLADISTVÉ

Author(s): Věra Vojtová,Petra Segeťová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents a research study focused on the role of family therapy in the child‘s life and its merit in the whole family system. We proceeded from the analysis of six foreign language reports, in which the authors deal with children in institutional care, substitute family care and the hospitalization of children. All research defines the importance of family therapy in the process of change that is expected from the family system or its well-founded role in preparing the family for new situations. Based on the analysis, we have defined the importance of family therapy as a means of understanding the family situation, enhancing the competencies of its members, coping with the family burden as well as unifying the family and strengthening the area of functional behaviour. We also investigated the situations in which family therapists are sought after abroad, where researchers often encounter not only child-threatening situations (maltreatment, trauma, hospitalization), but also the preparation for alternative family care and, last but not least, the issue of the disturbance of emotional ties. We also looked at the demands of professionals involved in the change process in the child‘s family. The authors also mention the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation.

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Retail and shopping behavior in small towns in Slovakia (example study of Zlaté Moravce town)

Author(s): Miroslava Trembošová,Alena Dubcova,Natália Horná / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the past 15 years we have been involved in the rapid development of retail in Slovakia. Its globalization trends, materialized in shopping malls, often built on a ‚green field‘ along major communication lines, have had a significant impact on commercial suburbanization. The „pulling“ of large-scale retail centers on the outskirts of the city significantly affects the state and further development in the central part of the city, with frequent consequences (deadening) of traditional retail zones, many times leading to their disappearance. The new shopping zones change the mode of the time fund and the adopted daily cycles of shopping life for both urban and rural populations and promote consumerism. A number of elements adapt to this phenomenon, e.g. transport networks and parking facilities, opening hours of shops, monitoring the convenience of purchases through prices in leaflets between the traditional and new zone, synergy of non-commercial services, spending leisure time. Nowadays we are witnessing the penetration of foreign retail companies into the medium-sized to small towns of Slovakia and its changes in concentration, integration and internationalization. The aim of the paper is a brief description of the retail network in the typically small Slovak town of Zlaté Moravce. The next section presents the results of a survey of consumer buying behavior and evaluation of its conclusions.

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Faktické projevy životního stylu dětí mladšího školního věku navštěvujících malotřídní školu

Author(s): Emil Řepka,Lenka Glückseligová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

An analysis of the younger school-age children lifestyle requires getting facts about their real behavior in the environment where they live. The aim of the study was to find out how children in small rural schools follow the rules of healthy lifestyle in everyday life. The research was attended by 78 pupils attending a small rural school. Their average age was 9.9 years. Of the total number, there were 41 boys and 37 girls. Schools were located in municipalities with less than 2000 inhabitants. Questionnaires of the daily regime of pupils (Řehulka, E., 1987) were used to determine the rate of sleep, the feeling of fatigue and the balance between work and rest. To register the weekly motion activity was used the YAMAX pedometer. Children fulfill the recommended sleep amount for their age. We did not find the difference between the sexes in the feeling of fatigue. Differences in work and rest balance between boys and girls are negligible. Children comply with the recommended PA standard by taking steps. At weekends, their physical activity is higher.

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Životní příběhy pěti klientů výchovného ústavu

Author(s): Petr Kachlík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

There were monitored 5 clients of the educational institution coming from a problematic family environment with a history of behavioral disorders and use of addictive substances. To analyze their life stories and lifestyle factors, case studies, interviews, and observations were used. The objective of the observation was to find out whether children who have undergone institutional care have a chance to be integrated into society and apply to the labor market. The interviews that have been conducted show that clients who have made a responsible approach to their future view the years spent in the facility with joy and appreciate the efforts of the teaching staff.

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Profil návštěvníka venkovské destinace cestovního ruchu

Author(s): Astrida Blanařová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Znalost spotřebitelského chování je pro každou oblast průmyslu nedocenitelná. Je tomu tak i v cestovním ruchu, kde nelze obecně říci, že všichni návštěvníci destinací mají stejné potřeby. Stejně jako jsou diferencované destinace jedna od druhé, je potřeba odlišovat návštěvníky městských destinací od návštěvníků destinací venkovských. Lze očekávat, že každý z návštěvníků má jiné priority v tom, co a jakým způsobem chce poznávat. Venkovský návštěvník má svá specifika, jejichž odhalení může pomoci rozvoji destinací i jednotlivých služeb. Cílem této kapitoly je představit profil návštěvníka venkovské destinace cestovního ruchu v České republice. Každý návštěvník je jiný, ale jde o nalezení společných znaků návštěvníků přijíždějících do tohoto typu destinace. Zjišťováno bylo například to, jakým způsobem se návštěvník do destinace dopraví, kde se ubytovává, jaké vyhledává aktivity a podobně. Jak uvádí Eurostat (2017), v roce 2015 bylo v České republice více než 60 % lůžek ve venkovských destinacích cestovního ruchu. Lze tak tento cestovní ruch považovat za převládající, a je tedy potřeba se více zaměřit na bližší specifikaci návštěvníků těchto destinací.

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Účinok tréningu s využitím HRV techniky na zlepšovanie pozornosti detí v školskom veku – prípadové štúdie

Author(s): Andrea Baranovská,Dominika Doktorova,Zuzana Mičková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of our research was to verify the effectiveness of the training focus using the device HRV in children of school age. In our research, we focused on the qualitative assessment of the abilities of three children with attention deficit disorder. We implemented two measuring cognitive abilities of children - test and retest - before and after completing the training. Within the measurements we used a battery of tests - Raven's Progressive Matrices, Numeric Square, laterality test, Stroop test and B-JEPI. Training was aimed at encouraging the ability to maintain attention and reduce emotional and behavioral problems of children. As part of the training we focused on the inhibition of overall arousal and reactivity children, training modeled behavior and increasing the motivation of cooperation. The re-test, we recorded positive growth of cognitive skills of children, which we confirmed the effectiveness of the training in the re-education of children.

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Analýza vzťahovej väzby u adolescentiek s poruchami príjmu potravy

Author(s): Veronika Bizubová,Jana Uhláriková,Mária Halamová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of the contribution is analysis and comparison of the attachment in adolescent girls suffering with eating disorders (PPP) and in the non-clinical sample. The research sample consisted of 25 adolescent girls diagnosed with eating disorders and 80 adolescent girls from non- clinical group. Using SCOFF questionnaire (to detect anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) we divided non- clinical group into two parts- 40 adolescent girls with susceptibility to eating disorders and 40 adolescent girls without any susceptibility. To measure attachment we used s-E.M.B.U. questionnaire, which measures remembered parental behaviour in three subscales – rejection, emotional warmth and over control. Using one- factor analysis we found out, that between adolescents with PPP, identified susceptibility to PPP and without PPP are statistically significant differences in all dimensions of remembered parental behaviour mother and father except rejection of mother.

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Sebaregulácia, depresivita a problematické používanie internetu

Author(s): Viktória Kopuničová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is focused on current problem of Internet use and presents the research result of the problematic internet use. In our research was shown that selfregulation and depression have relation to problematic internet use among secondary school students and also university students. A significant difference was found in subscales of Problematic internet use (Negative outcomes, Mood regulation). The paper is part of realized project focused on research of risky behavior in cyberspace. Attention was also focused on defensive strategies against some forms of risk behavior in cyberspace which students selected as the best. It´s was shown that the most preference strategy was designed "tell it to parents" and the worst strategy was designed "do nothing, it will gone".

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