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Wizja starości w opiniach Polaków. Studium socjologiczne

Author(s): Monika Dorota Adamczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the selected results of the research conducted at the turn of 2014/2015, involving 1010 adult Poles at the age of 15 years and more. The aim of the research was to analyse the attitudes towards ageing and the elderly in the Polish society. The research shows the relationship between some of the independent variables, inter alia, age, gender and education, which determine the attitude towards the elderly and the ageing process in general. Most thoughts about old age occur in the context of the concerns of this period in life, changes in a body, appearance, but also living conditions. On the one hand, the article presents an image of the society mostly kind to seniors, seeing their contribution to social life, on the other hand, the individual analysis of the ageing vision shows a human image focusing on negative aspects of ageing and building a negative vision of old age.

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Opinie licealistów i studentów dotyczące eutanazji. Od akceptacji do kontestacji

Author(s): Józef Baniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Euthanasia is a phenomenon known for a long time and applied frequently in some countries. In Poland it is not allowed by the law. At the same time euthanasia always aroused controversy and negative assessment on the use of it for terminally ill people and the suffering ones. Some people, relying on personal sense of freedom and the desire to control their own life and the time of death, unequivocally advocate euthanasia for shortening the life of terminally ill people and the suffering. Other people reject euthanasia, motivating their attitude to the religious and moral grounds. This article presents the opinions of high school and university students on euthanasia and its applications. The Roman Catholic Church rejects euthanasia and allows only the natural way of death. Studies have shown that higher rates of high school students and students accept euthanasia and agree to its use. A lower percentage of them reject it and opt for a natural death, regardless of the suffering of terminally ill people.

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For Your Great and Important Day: Old Age, Humor and Online Birthday Cards

Author(s): Zdenko Zeman,Marija Geiger Zeman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Although the category of age is extremely complex, age is usually reduced to chronological age, which is – as the number of years lived from the time of birth (number of birthdays) – the simplest marker of one’s age (or old age). Birthday cards are an important aspect of birthdays. They are multifunctional artifacts of popular culture, and their communicational function is the most important one. At the individual level, the sender uses a birthday card to send certain messages to the recipient, and at the socio-cultural level, a birthday card transmits socially-created meanings and subjects of age, old age and aging. In this sense, a birthday card is a “ceremonial token” (Ellis and Morrison 2005), which transmits (and reinforces) cultural ideas, meanings, attitudes and messages, i.e. “discourses that form the basis of the social construction of age” (Andrew 2012: 11), where humor plays an especially important role. Previous studies have shown that age-specific humor has positive, ambivalent and, most often, negative aspects. These negative aspects are related to aging stereotypes and distorted meanings that certain cultures attribute to aging and old age, including the gender component. The paper presents the results of an analysis of age-specific humor content present in online birthday cards, with special emphasis placed on: 1) themes and motifs that indicate the dominant and (globally) present narratives about old age and aging, socio-cultural ideas, understanding of and attitudes about aging, old age and older persons; 2) short-term effects and long-term consequences of this type of humorous content.

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Fulfillment of the psychological contract – characteristics

Author(s): Blanca Grama,Ioan Selagea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2016

Psychological contract includes the individual’s perceptions concerning the mutual obligations that exist in the exchange relationship with the employer, obligations sustained by the reciprocity norms. This paper aims to study the influences of formal contract type, employee’s age, activity sector or gender upon the perceived degree of fulfillment of psychological contract. The data were collected from 378 participants, aged between 20 an 66 years, 192 working in public sector, 186 in private institutions. The collected data was statistically analyzed aiming to determine potential correlations between those variables. The obtained results support the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the degree of fulfillment of the psychological contract, length of service or sector of activity, but there is a significant relationship between the degree of fulfillment of the psychological contract and gender. Theoretical and practical implications of those results highlighted by this study are discussed.

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Mykolo Riomerio viešojo saugumo fakulteto studentų ir lietuvos valstybės sienos apsaugos tarnybos darbuotojų fizinio pasirengimo lyginamoji analizė

Author(s): Robertas Veršinskas,Aurelija Morkūnienė,Genovaitė Avižonienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2010

Work specifics of Lithuanian State Border Guard Service officers as well as work specifics of Public Security officers require prompt and right decision making in different situations and instant accurate response. Without a doubt, physical fitness of officers affects that. Physical fitness of officers – it is not only a development of physical features; it is also a formation of military self-defence skills, upgrading of shooting qualification, military preparation. Aim of the research – to assess physical fitness of State Border Guard Service (SBGS) officers and Mykolas Romeris University Faculty of Public Security (FPS) students in different age groups. Tasks of the research: 1. To analyze scientific literature and legislative acts according to the topic of the chosen work. 2. To analyze physical fitness of State Border Guard Service (SBGS) officers and Mykolas Romeris University Faculty of Public Security (FPS) students in different age groups. 3. To assess level of physical fitness of the respondents. 130 SBGS officers and 55 FPS students – men divided into six age groups – participated in the research. The results were assessed, and the respondents were divided into age groups in accordance to the Order No. 1V-282 "Regarding establishment of general physical fitness requirements for individuals who are candidates for interior service" (Gazette, 2003. No. 77-3544) of the Minister of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania, dated 18-07-2003. The research included 3000 m flat stage running, 100 m running in a stadium form a low start and cross bar pull-ups, lifting the chin over the cross bar. One attempt to perform tests was assigned. Physical fitness was assessed according to the amount of the points of two best indicators. The analysis of the researched revealed that the average of results of 3000 meter running that reflect endurance was best in 25-30 age group of the SBGS officers. The results of 100 meter running showed that the older respondent is, the worse are the indicators of speed characteristic. Arm strength indicator, number of pull-ups did not differ statistically in different age groups, except that the results of FPS students and SBGS officers from 35-40 age group showed better results, in comparison to the results of other groups. Physical fitness was assessed according to the total amount of the points of two best results. After comparing the data, it can be stated that the parameters of all indicators (except 300 m running) were significantly better in the age group up to 25 in comparison to other groups, however, they are insufficient in order to positively evaluate general physical fitness level, established in the normative documents. It could have been a result of the change of living conditions related to graduation and adaptation in the workplace. It was established that SBGS officers in 31-35 age group also do not correspond to the lowest level of physical fitness. More detailed research should be performed in order to find out why there is such situation in this age phase.

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Процесс старения населения в современной России и его последствия

Author(s): Olga Olegovna Sekicki-Pavlenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2016

Glavni trendovi u starosnoj strukturi stanovništva Rusije, su proces demografskog starenja. Članak analizira transformaciju starosne strukture stanovništva u smislu interakcije demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i političkih okolnosti. Analizirani indikatori karakterišu trenutno stanje i tendencije u razvoju procesa demografskog starenja. Klasifikacione osobine 'starosti' stanovništva su uvedene uzimajući u obzir regionalne razlike. Posebna pažnja je posvećena ekonomskim, socijalnim i etičkim posledicama, koje su uzrokovane procesom starenja.

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Просторни размештај и старосна структура становништва као фактор просторне диференцијације развоја општине Куршумлија

Author(s): Dušan Ristić,Vojislav Deđanski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2016

Demographic development is characterized by pronounced depopulation, weakening demographic potential and aging of population. These resulted by increasing inbalances in the territorial distribution of population (drastically draining and fragmentation of rural settlements). Aim of this work is analysis of spatial distribution and age structure of population as a factor constraints of balanced development. Special attention is on the analysis of dispersion of population and settlements in altitude zones, and to research the causes and consequences of demographic emptying and quenching setelements of the municipality of Kursumlija.

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Kortalan szervezetek?

Author(s): Katalin Tardos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Age discrimination is one of the most frequent grounds of discrimination in employment, particularly for those aged 55 years and over, both in Hungary and the European Union. As a result, lower levels of employment rates compared to the active age population and a more vulnerable labour market positon has been a long-term trend for the younger and more mature age groups. Hence, it is extremely important to explore what strategies employers develop for the age composition of their workforce and to what extent they encourage age-friendly human resource practices and workplace diversity and equality systems that enable the employment of people belonging to different age groups and generations with higher probability. Employers’ age-related strategies and practices have not been considerably researched in Hungary to date. This paper analyses employers’ age-related human resource management practices and diversity and inclusion initiatives based on an online questionnaire completed by a sample of 121 companies. Using cluster analysis three different age-related company strategies have been identified as the inclusion and exclusion of younger and more mature age groups significantly differed in the organisations of each cluster. An important finding of the research was that age-friendly human resource management initiatives were less developed in companies that were characterised by an imbalanced age composition. Furthermore, it has been revealed that more developed age-friendly human resource management practices correlate with lower levels of exclusion based on age, but not with a balanced age composition requiring more in-depth structural changes on behalf of the company.

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Muzykoterapia w poszukiwaniu sensu życia przez osoby w podeszłym wieku

Author(s): Liliya Patonia / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia rozważań na temat terapii przez sztukę, a mianowicie muzykoterapii w oparciu o koncepcję psychologii egzystencjalnej. Analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz osobiste obserwacje i doświadczenia pozwalają dostrzec znaczącą, terapeutyczną rolę muzyki w zaspokajaniu potrzeb związanych z samorealizacją oraz sensem życia. Przedstawiony materiał ma za zadanie wzbudzić zainteresowanie powyższą problematyką oraz przedstawić propozycję zastosowania wybranych założeń egzystencjalnych w zajęciach muzykoterapeutycznych z osobami w podeszłym wieku.

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Obrazy starości w „Spóźnionych kochankach” W. Whartona

Author(s): Magda Wieteska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Utrzymanie dobrej kondycji psychofizycznej w okresie starości jest jednym z celów edukacji senioralnej. Celem trudnym do realizacji m.in. ze względu na stygmatyzację czasu późnej dorosłości, narosłe wokół niej stereotypy oraz – co istotne – również stosunek do własnego życia i zachodzących w nich zmian ujawniany przez samych seniorów, a zwłaszcza seniorki.Powieść Wiliama Whartona jest próbą zburzenia owych stereotypów i nadania obrazom starości zupełnie innego wymiaru.

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Impact of telework on the perceived work environment of older workers

Author(s): René Arvola,Piia Tint,Ülo Kristjuhan,Virve Siirak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Telework has become a natural part of regular work life of employees who use the information communication technology (ICT). Telework has a potential to support postponing retirement for mental workers. The objective of this research was to find out interaction between senior employees’ teleworking and well-being. The main research question was – can telework improve elderly employees’ well-being? Over 100 respondents from different areas in mental work were involved in a quantitative survey. The results of a conducted survey showed that telework is exaggerated to some extent as teleworkers’ well-being (M = 7.79; SD = 1.28) does not diverge from non-teleworkers’ wellbeing (M = 7.75; SD = 1.40). However, telework can be neither underestimated nor taken as interchangeable with traditional work. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to telework as a different way of working with its specialties. Systematic approach to telework enables companies to employ elderly by providing diversity of work forms.

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Impact of population aging on the dynamics of stock markets. The case of five CEE countries

Author(s): Laura Raisa Miloş,Carmen Corduneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

Numerous studies have tried to model the connection between aging and the financial markets, showing the possibility of a future meltdown in the financial markets, via lower savings and investments given the reaching of the baby-boom cohorts at the age of retirement. In general the research has focused on the case of more industrialized countries, were the aging phenomenon is more felt in the present. The case of Central and Eastern European countries was somehow left aside, although the issue of aging should be an important one, considering also the current state of development of the CEE capital markets. Our empirical work, based on the case of five CEE countries, suggests also that the demographic dynamics have had a detectable impact on the domestic stock market.

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Inkluzja społeczno-zawodowa osób starszych determinantą realizacji koncepcji srebrnej gospodarki

Author(s): Ewa Sobolewska-Poniedziałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 103/2017

Predictions of demographers suggest the population in Europe will grow old at a faster pace compared to other continents. This causes certain economic and social consequences, but also opens to opportunities. The potential of older people, both professional and social is a key factor for the development of the concept of silver economy. This concept assumes utilizing the potential of older people for the benefit of themselves and for the economy, but also the development of the market towards the most efficient meeting the needs of the group of elders. The aim of this study is to determine the role of socio-occupational inclusion of older people in the process of implementing the silver economy. The paper analyzes the development of selected indicators of social and occupational participation of elders and forecasts in this regard. The analysis covers Poland on the background the European Union. Empirical basis for inference is data PARP in the form of test results Human Capital, the Social Diagnosis and Eur stat. Investigations were carried out using the method of desk research.

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Lifelong Learning as an Important Element of the Social Integration of the Elderly

Author(s): Monika Adamczyk,Agnieszka Budny / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Education is now being more and more frequently considered as an area that is important not only for children and young people, but also for the working-age and retirement-age populations. Rapid socio-economic growth, characterised, e.g., by the development of new technologies, requires individuals and communities to continuously acquire and broaden their knowledge and skills. Social groups that fail to follow this trend often find it difficult to fit in with the contemporary knowledge society. This situation not only marginalises a large number of citizens but also denies their needs. Continuous education, provided, e.g., by universities of the third age, not only prevents this, but also provides the elderly with opportunities for full participation in socio-cultural life and social integration with their environment. This article explores the issue of education in late adulthood, addressing it from two angles. Firstly, it presents education as an element of active and happy ageing, and secondly, as an area for the social integration of the elderly during the changes in their social roles, characteristic for the old age.

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Rodzinni opiekunowie osób starszych

Author(s): Aleksandra Piłat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Demographic and social changes lead to the increasing numbers of people requiring care and the decreasing number of potential caregivers. This phenomenon is particularly difficult in Poland. Due to the lack of system solutions, but also Polish culture, care is organized primarily in the private sphere. For that reasons it is necessary to provide support for informal carers of the elderly. The purpose of this article is to diagnose the situation of family carers; types of support, and major problems that are associated with care. Article is based on qualitative research conducted among persons performing care on dependent seniors. Based on obtain information types of support and the types of care were distinguished, as well as problems resulting from the role played by the examined person.

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Healthy ageing in Germany – common care and insurance funding. Institutional and financial dimension of Health Promotion for Older People

Author(s): Stanisława Golinowska,Kai Huter,Christoph Sowada,Milena Pavlova,Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta,Heinz Rothgang / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

In Germany responsibilities for health promotion and prevention lies with a multitude of different actors and institutions. The institutional arrangement of health promotion is shaped by the German federal structure of the state on the one hand and by a health care system that is characterized by divided responsibilities between governmental organisations, self-administered bodies and non-governmental organisations on the other hand. Although federal-level programs are successfully implemented in the country, the attempt of the Federal government to consolidate and clarify responsibilities in the public health area meets resistance. The Preventive Health Care Act from 2015 is an attempt to strengthen health promotion, its effective impact will be for the future to show. Health promotion activities are initiated and provided by a variety of institutions: governmental, self-administered and voluntary (NGOs) often based on networks form. They cover activities on federal, Länder and local level. The Federal Ministry of Health and federal health agencies (specially BZgA) play an important role in this field. They created a number of health promotion regulation and activities initiatives which added to disease and addiction prevention. In health promotion for older people (HP4OP) programs, there is also a number of regionally and locally oriented initiatives. In this paper, we outline main features of the HP4OP activities in Germany with regard to institutions and financing mechanism. In addition, we describe health-targeting programmes/projects indicated as good practices:(a) established and developed in Germany and (b) provided by the European Commission with significant participation of German institutions. The multitude and variety of HP4OP programs differentiate positively German health system from other health systems in ageing countries.

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Healthy ageing – happy ageing: Health Promotion for Older People in Italy

Author(s): Andrea Poscia,Roberto Falvo,Daniele Ignazio La Milia,Agnese Collamati,Francesca Pelliccia,Iwona Kowalska-Bobko,Alicja Domagała,Walter Ricciardi,Nicola Magnavita,Umberto Moscato / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Health Promotion for Older People (HP4OP) is a relevant issue in Italy, one of the countries where people live the longest. Strategies, programmes and projects are set and planned at the national level, mainly by the Ministry of Health within the National Health Service, but strong competencies, funds and resources derive also from the Government, the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Moreover, European funds contribute to programmes and projects in this field. After strategic implementation at the regional level, programmes and projects are carried out at the local level under the National Health Service, mainly by the Local Health Authorities in conjunction with municipalities and other relevant stakeholders such as NGOs, the voluntary sector, families and educational and religious entities, etc. Even though Italy has been engaged in HP4OP to improve active life expectancy since 1992, a lack of planning and resources for HP4OP, policy diversification at the regional level and a prevailing interest in care-assistance rather than health promotion and prevention have prevented consistent implementation of HP4OP throughout the country.

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Health Promotion for Older People in Portugal

Author(s): Roberto Falvo,Andrea Poscia,Nicola Magnavita,Daniele Ignazio La Milia,Agnese Collamati,Umberto Moscato,Iwona Kowalska-Bobko,Alicja Domagała,Gisele Câmara,Andreia Costa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

In a country like Portugal where life expectancy is very high, Health Promotion for Older People (HP4OP) is a relevant issue and specific strategies are considered within priority health programmes defined at the national level by the Directorate-General of Health on behalf of the Ministry of Health. The National Health Plan 2016–2020 includes directives to facilitate health promotion and access to health and social services, as well as to reduce the burden of chronic diseases. HP4OP funds and resources derive mainly from the Ministry of Health and also from the Ministry of Labour, Solidarity and Social Security. Moreover, institutions can access European and other funds to develop projects in this field and some municipalities also finance projects and initiatives. Health plans, strategies and programmes outlined at the national level are adopted by Regional Health Administrations and the Groups of Health Centres guide implementation at the local level through dedicated units that work within the primary health care context. The integration of both social and health actions in terms of HP4OP depends on collaboration between the Ministry of Health; the Ministry of Labour, Solidarity and Social Security; municipalities; institutions in the cooperative and social sector and other stakeholders such as families, educational institutions, religious communities and health professionals. As a whole, health promotion policies for the older people in Portugal tackle the social determinants of health too. Nevertheless, a systematic approach and an integrated strategy to tackle HP4OP might constitute an important condition for the full implementation of such policies. Additionally, fragmentation of initiatives at the regional and local levels, together with other barriers to addressing health promotion activities among health professionals, might lead to the non-homogeneous implementation of interventions of HP4OP throughout the country. It is expected that many of these constraints will be overcome with the launch and implementation of the intersectoral National Strategy for the Promotion of Active Ageing from 2017.

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A Greek tragedy of our time? Institutional and financial dimension of Health Promotion for Older People in Greece

Author(s): Milena Pavlova,Yannis Skalkidis,Wim Groot,Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta,Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Despite the numerous legislative documents and public health institutions in Greece, the country lacks a comprehensive and robust long-term policy perspective in the public health area. The traditionally higher priority attached to curative care than to public health actions, is the major reason of the shortcomings. This country report draws upon several national reports focused on the Greek health system, and other country-specific sources in order to outline the major institutional and financing challenges for health promotion in Greece, and specifically health promotion for older adults. The paper is based on the method of narrative literature review. The findings show that health promotion actions for elderly persons do take place in Greece but mainly in urban areas and/or within the framework of EU-funded projects. Government efforts are required to stimulate coordinated public health interventions at the local level focusing on the positive effects of health promotion. The health promotion programs that are successfully implemented, should receive the necessary government support to assure their long-term sustainability.

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Senior w systemie dystrybucji detalicznej FMCG w Polsce

Author(s): Ewa Frąckiewicz,Aleksandra Grzesiuk,Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The demographic structure of the world's population is clearly visible in the growing share of seniors. This segment of the market differs both from younger groups and peer groups over the years, which manifests itself in differences in attitudes, activity, views and behaviors, including acquirers. The purpose of the presentations is to present the current state of purchasing activity of seniors from the point of view of retail outlets of the FMCG sector in Poland (traditional and online) and to indicate examples of pro-business policy of traders. The article was prepared on the basis of the literature of the subject, selected statistical data and own observations, among others. the effect of cooperation with the University of the Third Age and the Polish Gerontological Association. The results indicate the importance of the location, the size of the traditional shop, the small importance of e-shops and, at the same time, the relatively low interest of retail outlets for this group of customers in the design of the dedicated offer. This article is of a research nature.

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