Religious foundations of Princes Lubartowicz-Sanguszko of Kowelski lineage... in the turn of the 17th and 18th century in Wołyń

Author(s): Jolanta Marszalska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The foundation activity of the Princes of the House of Sanguszko in the turn of the 17th and 18th centurypresented in this paper does not depict the whole religious experience and people’s faith who passed away. Among many outstanding personages the greatest were Szymon Samuel Sanguszko and his heirs, especially Paweł Karol Sanguszko, who played an important role in founding churches and convents. Such an expansive foundation activity of the Sanguszkos in their ancestral possessions, especially the borderlands, had its powerbase. The sources of which were, among others, the financial status, the positions held and indeed it was characteristic of the fall of the baroque epoch, according to which one ought to take care of their eternal life by being helpful. This helpfulness boiled down to numerous foundations and philanthropic activity for the deprived. What is more, the founders secured for themselves, often after stormy lives, prayers for their souls in the convents and churches they donated, which also usually became the places of their burials. It is worth emphasizing that many of the Sanguszko family chose religious vocations as priests, monks or nuns. Undoubtedly, it was a manifestation of living faith and deep religious devotion of one of the most important families in the Republic of Poland and Latvia in the 17th and 18th century.

Recordkeeping and State Making. The County Registers in Wallachia, 1775–1831

Author(s): Mihai Olaru / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2016

The research explores the link between the collection and storing of social knowledge and the exercise of state power in Wallachia from the late 17th to 1831. Focusing on the emergence, content and especially employment of registers in administration and justice and on the collection of geographical information, the paper contends that the nature of the Wallachian state during the mentioned period was significantly altered. On the one hand, the development of means of storing information increased the infrastructural reach of the state. On the other, the centralization of administrative knowledge constituted the state as an impersonal, impartial and objective entity, detached from the person of the prince and from sectional interests. By making these two claims, the study goes against two bodies of literature: the historiography on the Phanariot period and the theories of early-modern state formation.

Pamiętnikarze XVlII-wieczni wobec Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce

Author(s): Piotr Latawiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/1995

Literatura pamiętnikarska, choć szeroko i często wykorzystywana przez historyków, nie należy do pierwszorzędnych źródeł historycznych. Główn)Tiii źródłami do odtworzenia dawnych dziejów są źródła dokumentalne, aktowe, opisowe i w ostatniej kolejności pamiętnikarskie. Jednocześnie pamiętniki oraz wszelkie wspomnienia przynoszą historykowi to, co nie jest dla niego dostępne w żądanych dokumentach, ani w aktach urzędowych. Pamiętniki są bowiem pełne drobnych spostrzeżeń, informacji na temat tła wydarzeń, oceny wydarzeń prezentowanych przez ludzi im współczesnych.

ZABORAVLJENI MUDERRIS, MUFTIJA, MUNLA, VAIZ I VAKIF AHMED IBN MUSTAFA LOGAVIJA 1650.? – 1717.

Author(s): Haso Popara / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 38/2017

Based on unpublished court documents from the beginning of the 18th century, the author investigates the life path, from the birth and initial education in Sarajevo, to the departure and continuation of education in Istanbul, to obtaining the mulazamet and taking the apprenticeship examination, of Ahmed effendi, son of Mustafa effendi Logavija, known under the nickname of Uššaki-zade Damadi, and from 1099/1688 to 1128/1716. He chronologically follows his movement in service: from the muderris of Čauš basha Madrasa 1099/1688, Saray Galata madrasa 1108/1697, Kenan-pasha madrasa 1114/1702, Mahmud-pasha madrasa 1115/1703, and Atik Nishanjipasha madrasa 1118/1707 in Istanbul, then the muderrsis of Gazi Husrevbey's Madrasah in Sarajevo, 1119 / 1707-1123 / 1712, the Sarajevo munla 1119 / 1707-08, the Sarajevo Mufti 1119 / 1707-1123 / 1712, Vaiz in Ferhadbey (Ferhadija) mosque in Sarajevo, 1119/1708, the founder of a monetary vakf for the Hajji Hasan mosque in Kreševo in 1119/1707, a khadi in Tripolis in Sham 1124/1712, to a period of joblessness, returning to Sarajevo, and submitting of arshuhal to Sheikh-l-Islam on 27 Muharram 1128 (January 23, 1716), asking him to assign him to the position of the munla in Medina or any other service he could live on, repay debts and support the family. The paper argues for the first time that the Ahmed-effendi's contemporary Hashinieffendi Muzaferi was not a muderris of the Gazi Husrev-bey madrasah, as he was believed to be, but of some lower madrasah called Buq'a Ṣāliḥiyya that was destroyed in a great fire during the invasion of Sarajevo by Eugene of Savoy in 1697, for which we do not even know where it was located. The paper also points to a series of mistakes in the previous works on Ahmedeffedni’s vakf in Kreševo. At the end of the paper, the author, with brief comments, brings the integral text of Ahmed-effendi's endowment chart in the original Ottoman Turkish, translated into the Bosnian language.

Partie i fakcje w schyłkowym okresie rządów Augusta III Sasa

Author(s): Katarzyna Kuras / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

The objective of the article is to analyze the parties and factions existing in the final period of Augustus’ III Wettin reign and to discover the appropriate meaning of the terms „party” and „faction” in this period. It is journalism or „occasional writings” that dominates in the group of the sources used as a base of information about the divisions existing on the political scene and „principles” exploited to make struggle between parties more dynamic. It turns out that the existence of parties was not guaranteed by the person of powerful leader, structures or parties’ programme. Much more important were „principles” or „slogans” and current opportunistic fight on the domestic forum, during which (e.g. in the years 1762–1763) significant changes on the political scene were introduced. Consequently, both political divisions and parties’ affiliations were dynamic and heterogeneous, related to promoted slogans, possible financial benefits, not the programme. As a result, the parties existing in this period in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: the Familia, republican party and court party, were rather platforms of agreement of various factions than compact, homogeneous formations.

Polityka rosyjska w Rzeczypospolitej w 1733 roku a kandydatura „Piasta”

Author(s): Andrej Macuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

An agreement between families of Potoccy and Czartoryscy was an unexpected situation for Russia, nevertheless a new policy on the election of Polish king was arranged in the end of March, 1733. Russia decided to act together with its allies and to support candidate indicated by emperor – Portuguese heir don Emanuel. According to a treaty signed in 1732, if Austria and Prussia would not support Emanuel, there was considered to put some “Piast” on a Polish throne. In the article can be find precise information about acts and strategy made by Russian diplomats (among others: Jurij Liwen and Karl Gustaw i Friedrich Casimir von Löwenwolde) and Polish nobles’ reactions on those efforts, as well as Polish sympathies and alliances (including confederation against Stanilaw Leszczynski’s election).

Noty bibliograficzne

Author(s): Wiesława Duży / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2012

Review of: Wiesława Duży - Dżuma, ospa, cholera. W trzechsetną rocznicę wielkiej epidemii w Gdańsku i na ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1708–1711. Materiały z konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej przez Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Gdańska i Instytut Historii PAN w dniach 21–22 maja 2009 roku, red. E. Kizik, Gdańsk 2012, ss. 275

Trends and Manners in the 18th century

Author(s): Andreea Rasuceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2007

The Romanian XVIIIth century is illustrative for a most powerful influence of the Levant, which came as the last pulsation of the Turkish and Greek great influences, before the modernity was born, at the beginning of the XIXth century. This is a world of all excesses, of ostentatious luxury and celebration of the human body. Yet, beneath this cover of shalowness glimmered a certain philosophy of life, a way of conceiving destiny and an attitude towards the great importance of life in all its manifestations.

Memoriale Loimicum – gdański pamiętnik z czasów zarazy w 1709 roku autorstwa Johanna Christopha Gottwalda

Author(s): Piotr Paluchowski,Adam Szarszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

One of the largest epidemics in the modern period that affected Gdańsk was the plague from 1709. A lot of historical sources have survived from that time, including a text by physician Johann Christoph Gottwald, rarely used by researchers. It was published in German in 1710, and also in English in 1712 in the journal “Philosophical Transactions”. This source is one of the few examples of Gdańsk texts which have gained such European interest. This article’s task is to discuss this source and point to the most interesting, translated extracts with their interpretation. This is the result of the work aimed at publishing a critical edition of both version of Gottwald’s work.

François Boucher’nin Eserlerinde Çin Kültürünün Etkisi

Author(s): Cihan CANBOLAT,Meliha Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2019

Chinoiserie is an eighteenth-century style ranging from painting to textile, furniture to interior decoration, and so on. Rokoko, one of chinoserie’s most prominent periods, influenced many artists. Among these artists, François Boucher produced works reflecting China's views of art and culture. The present study investigates the ways in which François Boucher was influenced by Chinese art and how the understanding of Chinese art and culture was reflected in the works of art. A comprehensive literature survey was carried out in order to collect data. As a result of literature surveys, 10 influential Chinoiserie works by François Boucher were studied. Chinese-specific figures, clothing, blue-white porcelain, pagod, Chinese temples, as well as the Chinese culture of the small pavilions with curved roofs, garden huts, used for protection from burning air as well as elements such as umbrella can be seen in the artist's influential works of Chinoiserie. François Boucher took the elements of his culture to China and combined them with his own unique touch.

Принцип поділу державної влади за Конституцією Пилипа Орлика 1710 року та Польською Конституцією 1791 року

Author(s): Anatolij Kozachenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 144/2019

The article analyzes the supreme bodies of state power under the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk of 1710 and the Constitution of Poland of 1791 concerning the application of the principle of separation of state power into legislative, executive and judicial braches. The principle of separation of state power was introduced in these constitutions which were based on the own state and legal experience and ideas of the Western European political and legal thought of the Age of Enlightenment. In practice of the European constitutionalism, the Constitution of Pylyp Orlik of 1710 was the first attempt to adopt a constitution providing separation of state power into three branches (legislative, executive and judicial) as well as a system of checks and balances. Introducing the state power mechanism was aimed at the attempts of Cossack officers to increase the efficiency of state power and prevent usurpation of power by both a hetman and particular groups of Cossack officers. The Polish Constitution of 1791 was based on the idea of rule of the people, which is the only source of power, and the idea of separation of state power into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislature – the Seim, the executive power – the King and Government and the judiciary – local and higher courts are autonomous towards each other. None of the public powers could assign another body’s authorities. The mechanism of the system of checks and balances operated through parliamentary bicameralism, the Government formation by the King and Seim, participation of the King in the Government, the Seim deputies did not have the right to hold positions in executive bodies, different terms of authorities of the legislative, executive and judicial bodies. Such a mechanism was intended to prevent the usurpation of power by a single body or person and, most importantly, to improve the effectiveness of the state mechanism in order to withdraw the country from the political crisis and strengthen the Polish statehood. Constituting the separation of state power in the Ukrainian and Polish Constitutions of the eighteenth century was aimed at improving the state mechanism, preventing the possibility of usurpation of power within the country, increasing the effectiveness of the state mechanism in order to withdraw the country from the political crisis.

Historická záhrada na Mýtnej ulici v Bratislave

Author(s): Andrej Vrteľ,Robert Gregor Maretta / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

The study addresses the creation and early development of the ornamental garden in Mýtna St. in Bratislava. The site was originally a smaller garden on the outskirts of the Blumentál suburb at the time, located in the vicinity of a road running to Rača. The first stage of the garden documented in a drawing shows the main axis intersecting the centre of the courtyard and a simple symmetric composition of three fields of vegetation lined by tree alleys. Based on an analysis and comparison of written sources and plans, we assume the founding of the garden in the second half of the 1770s. A re-evaluation of the name Esterházy Garden is based on reliable information in historical sources designating the archbishop’s administrator Štefan Ormosdy as the owner. Based on the entry in the book of property transfers, Ormosdy acquired the parcels located near the Archbishop’s Summer Palace in 1774 when the town’s St. Ladislaus Hospital sold its vineyards, meadows, fields and mills at auction.

Semsey Viktória (szerk.), Latin-Amerika 1750–1840. A gyarmati rendszer felbomlásától a független államok megalakulásáig

Author(s): Hedvig Bubnó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2014

La 341 de ani după căderea Constantinopolului: un manuscris, un sucevean și un fenomen cultural

Author(s): Ioan-Augustin Guriţă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The article analyzes a manuscript from the collections of “Mihai Eminescu” Central University Library from Iassy, which contains three distinct texts (The Life of the Great Emperor Constantine, For the Fall of the Most Glorious Citadel of Constantinople… and The Prophecy of Saint Methodius, Archbishop of Patara), but which are connected as they reflect a cultural phenomenon specific to the 18th century when the hope was that Russia would be the one to liberate Constantinople from the Ottomans. The manuscript was copied by a monk from Mădârjac Skete, near Iassy. The author publishes the full text of the manuscript, which he considers representative for the period and place in which it was copied.

Copia unui document inedit de la Ștefan cel Mare și câteva observații asupra familiei boierului Mihail „de la Dorohoi”

Author(s): Arcadie M. Bodale / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

After taking over the northwest of Moldavia, the Habsburg authorities started inventorying all assets of the boyars and of the monasteries from this territory and so they copied and translated the old princely charters. One such document is the princely charter from March 2, 1464 (6972), in which Stephen the Great endorsed the villages Șișcăuți on Prut, another Șișcăuți on Hodorin, Sinești, Mareșinți, Nabotnic, Naculi, Mohasani, Leușeuți and Beșani to boyar Petru Braevici and his wife Anușca, daughter of Sima Mihailovici, villages which she inherited from her father. The author uses the new data provided by the charter and brings up several arguments to prove that Michael of Dorohoi is the son of Roman I and the brother of Alexander the Good.

Fazileta Hafizović, Popis sela sandžaka Krka, Klis i Hercegovina, oslobođenih od Mletačke Republike 1701. godine

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2018

Review of: Fazileta Hafizović, Popis sela sandžaka Krka, Klis i Hercegovina, oslobođenih od Mletačke Republike 1701. godine, Zagreb — Sarajevo: Srpsko kulturno društvo Prosvjeta, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, 2016, 517 str. (uključen je i pogovor Drage Roksandića te indeks geografskih pojmova i mletačka karta razgraničenja s granicama iz 1700. i 1718. Giusto Emilio Alberghetti, Kriegsarchiv Wien).

Nuncjusz w Wiedniu arcybiskup Antonio Eugenio Visconti a Polska w dobie pierwszego rozbioru

Author(s): Wojciech Kęder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

W okresie pierwszego rozbioru Rzeczypospolitej, któremu bezskutecznie usiłowała zapobiec dyplomacja papieska, istotną rolę w zabiegach Rzymu ratowania sytuacji – zarówno suwerenności Polski, jak i Kościoła polskiego przypadła nuncjaturze wiedeńskiej. Jakkolwiek Austria w ostatnim momencie zrywając dotychczasowy sojusz z państwami katolickimi przeszła na stronę państw akatolickich, to wśród trzech mocarstw zaborczych jedynie Wiedeń był skłonny uwzględniać niektóre postulaty Stolicy Apostolskiej. Zarazem odgrywająca kluczową rolę na scenie politycznej caryca Katarzyna II o ile nie liczyła się ze Stanisławem Augustem, to musiała liczyć się z cesarzową Maria Teresą. Z tych to względów wynikało duże znaczenie nuncjatury wiedeńskiej w zabiegach Rzymu o obronę Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce, zwłaszcza pod zaborem austriackim i ważna rola papieskich dyplomatów prowadzących rokowania w tych sprawach: arcybiskupów Viscontiego i Garampiego. Jakkolwiek nie osiągnęli oni z oczywistych powodów głównego celu zabiegów, czyli wsparcia przez cesarzowa Marie Teresę działań Stolicy Apostolskiej występującej w obronie Polski, to udało im się skłonić Marie Teresę do wystąpienia w obronie Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce.

Sanayi Devrimi Başlangıcında İstanbul’da Boyacı Esnafı Örneğinde Tekstil Sanayisinin Durumu

Author(s): Tahir Öğüt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

In the Ottoman Empire, the first half of the 18th century was a period of economic development and financial accumulation. In Europe, the industrial revolution is taking place, which will have global consequences. The textile sector stands out as an immersive sector in the industrial revolution. The determination of the developments in the dyeing sector in terms of its direct relationship with Istanbul as a field of activity and the determination of the developments in the textile sector in the Ottoman economy is an explanatory feature. Founded in Istanbul in the 18th century as the mite of the sultan foundations such as the Sultan Ahmet Foundation Library and the Laleli Fountain, the establishment of dyehouses in this period was the public investment as a result of the development in the Istanbul textile sector.

Tire Dokuma Endüstrisi ve Damga Mukataası (18. Yüzyıl)

Author(s): Mikail Acıpınar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

The agricultural productivity and commercial vitality of Western Anatolia, directly affecting the patterns of textile industry, integrated not only the city centers but also townlets in the countryside to the weaving sector. Tire became one of the few settlements of the region that emerged as a weaving and production center from very early dates. The weavers in the city, engaged in cotton processing, specialized in products such as white cotton cloth, Çine tülbendi, lining, kirpas-ı penbe, alaca, kuşak and waistcloth. In addition to the weaving sector, dyeing process was carried out in the Tire dye-house. Archival documents suggest that Tire became not only a weaving and dyeing center but also a vivid domestic trade market for textile fabrics produced in its vicinity. In the 18th century, the stamp tax, collected from the fabrics produced in Tire, started to be collected as a part of the malikane (life time tax farming) under the name of “Tire ve tevâbi’i bogasi damgası mukataası”. By utilizing Ottoman archival documents, this study shows the development of weaving and dyeing industry in Tire and the process through which the Tire bogasi stamp was farmed out within the malikane system in the 18th century.

‘Observing to describe, describing to observe’: The Epistemic Turn of Medical Writing in the 18th century

Author(s): Lilla Krász / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper is intended to view a specific epistemic turn from various angles concerning the role and function of scientific cognizance in relation to the documentation forms of the medical writings of physicians operating in the eighteenth century. Nevertheless, the internal structure of eighteenth-century medical knowledge is also revealing itself as being instrumental in presenting new elements of knowledge and making them accepted as scientific facts, disregarding direct relationship between doctors and patients, or in other words, exclusively relying on the application of the academic knowledge of doctors and specific observations on patients. It is rather aimed at continuously comparing various illnesses, such as epidemics, recurring endemic diseases, or unique illnesses, as well as arranging them on the basis of perception into homogeneous series of information incessantly proliferating in space and time.