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Państwo Islamskie - aktor państwowy czy niepaństwowy?

Author(s): Wojciech Grabowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Islamic State, as the name suggest, is going to be perceived and treated not as a mere terrorist organization, but rather as a caliphate, Islamic state. In the last decades many violent non-state actors have propagated the idea of caliphate but none of them have never accomplished the idea. Islamic State can be treated as the first organization, which declare and what is more important create state structures, responsible for administrating conquered territory. To some extent Islamic State fulfills thecriteria for statehood listed in the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, 1933. But the basic question is whether it can be recognized as a state in the light of international law?

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The Implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah in Malaysian Islamic Banking Arena

Author(s): Khairul Hafidzi Mohd Subky,Jing Yuan Liu,Muhammad Muzzammil Abdullah,Zhafri Farhan Mokhtar,Ainaz Faizrakhman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This paper observes the implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM) in the current Malaysian Islamic banking arena. Musharakah Mutanaqisah was previously suggested as a better alternative for Islamic home financing to replace the controversial Bay` Bithaman Ajil (BBA). However, till date, almost half of the Malaysian Islamic banks that offer Musharakah Mutanaqisah financing have stopped providing it. Many studies have been done on the theory, Shariah issues, features and usage of Musharakah Mutanaqisah instruments, but there are limited studies conducted on the implementation of Musharakah Mutanaqisah from the viewpoint of the Islamic banks and customers. The objective of this paper is to discuss the implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah implemented by the Islamic banks in Malaysia, focusing on the context of legal documentations from the perspective of academicians, banks, and customers. The result shows that due to the documentation issues, Islamic banks face higher risks, and there is an increase in the documentation costs for the customers while implementing Musharakah Mutanaqisah. The finding also shed some lights on the Islamic finance industry in Malaysia.

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Administration of Zakat on Wealth in Maldives

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

For Muslims zakat is obligatory and different jurisdictions in the world have different mechanisms to administer it. Maldives is a hundred percent Muslim country and zakat administration in the country is unique. As such the objective of the paper is to discuss the zakat administration in Maldives with special reference to zakat al mal and to discuss the challenges facing the existing way of zakat administration. The paper also includes ways to overcome the challenges. No literature on this area in Maldives could be found and as such reference to primary materials such as unpublished statistics, reports, brochures have been made. It is hoped that this paper will encourage further research on this area in Maldives.

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GENDER EQUALITY AS AREA OF I. GASPRINSKY’S AWARENESS-RAISING ACTIVITIES

Author(s): Liliya Dynikova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The objective of the paper is to study and to produce a holistic view of the I. Gasprinsky activity aimed at the establishment of a Muslim woman as an equal member of society. Methodology. Scientific thinking on the I. Gasprinsky feminist activity had been based on usage of the axiological and culturological (that has allowed to unfold a humanity and to detect values in the I. Gasprinsky educational activities under review) and integral (that has allowed to analyze the commonality of the I. Gasprinsky cultural and educational system) approaches, and also on source studies (when exam-ining press reports) and contextual analysis (when examining the subject matter of iss. «Alemi Nisvan» («Woman») and other publications of enlightener). The novelty of the issue lies in the fact that I. Gasprinsky activity is studying from the point of view of the feminism, which is important, because of a significant impact of the behalf of women on the Muslim society as a whole. In the work the complete picture of the enlightener’s feminist activity is organized. Conclusions.I. Gasprinsky made a significant step towards fundamental reform of the status of women, which gradually got constant and undeniable rights in a Muslim society. Such kind of activity of the educator laid the foundation of a democratic tradi-tion in Crimean Tatar national movement.

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Transformacja współczesnej rodziny egipskiej a model rodziny w Opowieści starego Kairu Nadżiba Mahfuza – analiza genderowa

Author(s): Jakub Kościółek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

This article portrays the Egyptian family known from Palace Walk and influenced by modernization, which affected the traditional understanding of the gender roles. To use gender roles as a basis for any discourse on the relationship between modern and traditional family environments, in an Arabic culture, seems to be an interesting proposal. The transformation of the contemporary Egyptian family, determination of the types of characters, and relations between the sexes characteristic of the Arab cultural sphere is presented based on the author’s analysis. The article reveals the condition of an Egyptian family and the shift in its functioning, related to the conflict between the traditional and modern, in Muslim discourse and social life. The dissonance in the female and male presence in private and public spaces, as well as their ability to achieve professional fulfillment is its significant point.

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Арабският свят и ислямът в културно-историческа перспектива. Изследвания в чест на проф. д.и.н. Йордан Пеев. Състав., [предг.] Павел Павлович, Симеон Евстатиев. София, Изток-Запад, 2017. 255 с.

Author(s): Nadya Filipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Book Review

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Zeki Nedžib Mahmud i savremeni arabizam

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2020

Zaki Naguib Mahmoud is one of the most prominent thinkers and philosophers of contemporary Arab thought, modern Arab philosophy, culture, art, literature and literary-artistic journalism of the modern Arab and Muslim world. Understanding the conflicting relationship of past and present in the Arabs of today, the relationship of the modern Arab-Islamic East and the European West, in the broadest sense of the word: with all it implies in science, philosophy, art, religion, literature, culture, etc. represent Mahmoud's dominant topics and great thought projects for which he has always been inescapable in the considerations of Arab modernity, Arab culture and Arab society as a whole today.

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Društvena pravda u islamu Sejjida Qutba

Author(s): Džemal Latić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2019

The twentieth century, during which at least two “nights of Islam” occurred (the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate in 1924 and the formation of the Zionist state on the soil of Palestine in 1948 along with a series of other “nights” throughout the Muslim world), brought a new understanding of the Qur’an that is particularly focused on that layer of the Text that deals with the repair and renewal (ar. Islāh) of Muslim societies and states. Until then, well-neglected for centuries, the social (al-ijtima’iyy), then the political (siyasi) tafsir gained momentum in the middle of the last century, a momentum which is still maintained. A kind of cornerstone of this tafsir in modern times was laid by Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966), an Egyptian writer, literary critic, reformer and mufassir, and his work Al-’Adala al-ijtima’iyya fi’l-Islam (Social justice in Islam). This work not only revealed to the humiliated Muslim humanity the Qur’anic layers concerning society and organization of the state, but also encouraged a new paradigm in the understanding of the Qur’an. “Without a doubt, Qutb’s Social Justice is the main work that most influenced the generations of Arab-Muslim intelligentsia in the post-World War II period” (Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi’). (...)

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“DRUŠTVENA PRAVDA U ISLAMU” SEJJIDA QUTBA

Author(s): Džemal Latić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 18/2014

The twentieth century, during which occurred at least two “Nights of Islam” (the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate in 1924, and the establishment of the Zionist state on the ground of Plaestine 1948), has brought a new reading / understanding of the Qur'an, which is now, along with a number of other “nights” in the Muslim world, focused on one of its layers that deals with the improvement, renewal (ar. Islah) of Muslim societies and states. After having been pretty much neglected for centuries, social (al-ijtima'iyy), but later also political (siyasi) tafsir was experiencing its revival in the mid 20th century, a still ongoing trend. A kind of foundation stone to this tafsir (Qur'anic commentary) in modern times was laid by Sayyid Qutb (1906th – 1966th), an Egyptian writer, literary critic, reformer and mufassir (interpreter of the Qur'an), and his work Al- Adala al-Ijtima'iyya fi'l-Islam (Social Justice in Islam) has not only revealed the Quranic layers that concern society and organization of the state to the humiliated Muslim population, but also encouraged a new paradigm in understanding the Qur'an. “Qutb's Social Justice is undoubtedly a major work that has affected the generations of Arab-Muslim intelligentsia in the period after the World War II” (Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi '). The main principes of Islamic justice, according to Qutb, are: 1) the absolute freedom of conscience, 2) the complete equality of all people, 3) the permanent mutual solidarity of all members of society.

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‘KVINTESENCIJA PRAŠINE’

Author(s): Shahab Yar Khan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2013

This article deals with the social crisis that has shaken the XXI century and aims to prove that philosophers, such as Iqbal, foretold today’s crisis in the last century. Overall crisis of humanity, whether it is on today’s age or past, has its roots in the concept of injustice. Injustice has two faces, one that is socially imposed and another that the individuals set to themselves. This is a Qur’anic concept that dates back to the ancient times. The ancient philosophers as well as all prophets talked about it and proposed the same solution. From Rumi to Shakespeare and from Shakespeare to Iqbal, this injustice is a common theme and these writers have followed the tradition of ideals to make the world a better place.

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THE TRIANGLE OF TERROR: BOKO HARAM, FULANI HERDSMEN, BANDITS AND ORGANISED INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

Author(s): Bolaji Omitola,Solomon Aderire,Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde,Olumide O. Omodunbi,Mary Magdalene SACKFLAME / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Since 1999, a number of concerns have been inspiring and driving organized insecurity in the country. This includes the search for resources control by the Niger Delta, ethno-regional self-determination unrest, and BokoHaram terrorism, herders-farmers conflicts and banditry. The Federal Government has put in place many initiatives reflecting an approach to insecurity via "carrots and sticks." For example, while appeasing Niger Delta agitators and BokoHaram's sudden fighters, the Government outlawed and prohibited some ethno-regional groupings. Despite attempts by state, the latter have become emboldened and deadlier, putting Nigeria's survival and peace at danger. The essay explores BokoHaram, Fulani Herdsmen and Bandits, notably along Nigeria's major ethnic and religious fault lines, in the light of their organizational and operational commonalities. It has already become a triangle of terror that defies incentives and sticks methods of the national security establishment since insurgent organizations are becoming the focus of Germany. Aware that safety equipment is not integrated in the local community; the essay suggests a community-oriented redesign of Nigeria's security architecture. This will generate confidence and support effective intelligence collections to curb organized crime and instability, and will serve as an alternative to a plan to oppose and alienate security.

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End-of-Life Decisions for Muslims in Albania. An Interdisciplinary Approach

Author(s): Denard Veshi,Ervin Pupe / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 2/2021

This study investigates end-of-life decisions through Islamic and legal comparativeapproaches by focusing on the Albanian context. The methods applied in this paperare critical legal reasoning and legal comparison. The goal of this research is toreview the impact of the Islam legal culture (Qur’an and hadith) on the Albanianlaw of end-of-life decisions. From a legal approach, this paper underlines the unconstitutionality of the Albanian Code of Medical Ethics. In addition, the review ofthe Islamic literature on medical jurisprudence demonstrates the attitude of Muslimcommunity regarding end-of-life decisions in addition to scientifically examine thevarious rules governing end-of-life situations codified in the Islam legal sources byonly considering the Qur’an and hadith. This investigation aims to understand the similarities and differences between these two different approaches by also underlyingthe importance of Islam approach on end-of-life situations on the Albanian legislation.

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IDENTITET IZMEĐU ISLAMA I TRADICIJE: BOŠNJAČKA DIJALEKTIKA PRILAGOĐAVANJA

Author(s): Muedib Šahinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2022

This paper puts forward the question of the correlation between the religiosity of Bosniaks and their identity, which has gone through numerous phases through the centuries-long process of evolution of ethnonational collective consciousness and very often reflexively influenced the content and manifestation of the phenomenon of religiosity. From a contemporary sociological perspective, through methodologically based research, it was necessary to redefine the phenomenon of the religiosity of Bosniaks and determine its real impact on identity construction. During the research, it was determined that Islam is not a key and dominant identity basis for Bosniaks, but is selectively accepted through the traditional aspect, subjected to the process of adaptation, and used (instrumentalized) only as a cohesive and identifying tool, which provided Bosniaks with the substratum of collectivity and crucial specificity of their identity.

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GENDER AND ISLAM IN SPECIFIC ON SOMALIA

Author(s): Mohamed Ali MUHUMED / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2023

This paper will focus on Islam in specific and gender, the different perspectives of men and women in Islam as well as their positions, in the paper we will also compare what Islam believes about gender, on the other hand, we will look at the certain case which is how gender works in Somalia as a country, the equality of women and men in Somalia, do the Somalia women get the same opportunity as men when it comes political participation, as well as other areas of social life. Somali women have less involvement in many social areas, because of their belief which is Islam, and the society itself is against Somali women involving such places outside their houses, and this issue became part of the tradition, though it came as a religious issue, Somalia society is almost 100% Muslim people, what they learned from their forefathers is that women must stay at home, on the other if she wants to study, she will study about Islam and other related fields, then marry and take care her children and home, this is not only about Somalia, but it’s something common on many Muslim countries, it became part of their tradition. In the paper, we also compare Somalia with other Muslim countries, regarding gender equality and women’s freedom, certain countries like Saudi Arabia have intensive rules about women, they recently allowed women to drive, though it’s normal for many Western and Islam countries women to drive.

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HALİDİYE KÜTÜPHANESİNDE KAYITLI BİR KUR’AN FALI: TERCEME-İ TEFE’ÜLNÂME

Author(s): Emrah GÜNDÜZ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2024

Since before, fortune telling has been one of the efforts of human beings to find meaning in the face of the uncertainty of time and the world. In our culture, many types of fortune telling were used, and Qur’an fortunes were preferred in line with religious sensitivity, especially after Islam in the Ottoman Empire. This fortune telling, which is applied as the interpretation of the letters and verses of the Qur’an with the bibliomancy method, is also called Tefeulname. Tefeul (Bibliomancy), which is an Arabic word, means to interpret favourably. Many artefacts have been given in our history of this type of literature. One of them is the work called Terceme-i Tefeulname, which is covered in this article. The work written in Ottoman Turkish and determined in The Khalidi Library in Jerusalem is dated 1793-1794. It is noteworthy that the fortune-telling culture, which is not applied especially from an Islamic point of view and whose credibility is incorrect, is texted by including the Qur’an in the form of bibliomancy. On the other hand, the curiosity of Muslim societies and the enthusiasm to know the future have enabled different meanings to be given to bibliomancy and increased the interest in these fortune texts. Based on this, in this article, the meaning world of the Qur’an fortunes, which were texted in Ottoman society, was tried to be interpreted, and the translated written text of the aforementioned work was presented.

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Le Problème de l’interprétation chez Al-Ghazâlî (1058-1111)

Author(s): Mohammed Lachkar / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2020

Our intervention will deal with the problem of interpretation in the thought of Alghazali. Starting from the chronology of his works, we will try to describe the contours and the nuances of his concept of interpretation, but, at the same time, to emphasize the context and the framework of this concept both theoretically and practically. First of all, we mention that it is not possible, concerning the issue of interpretation, to set a clear distinction in the works of Alghazali, between the purely theoretical writings and others with a purely practical character. However, if the ideas of Alghazali are often the home of alternation between the contextual approach focusing more on the practical illustration and the abstract approach regarding the theoretical foundation, it is true that these ideas are, as a whole, governed by unifying and constant principles. For this reason, we prefer not to analyze the conception of Alghazali in the paradigm of the couple theoretical/practical, but to approach him moreover starting from the fundamental principles that create a sort of general framework for the deployment and usage of the interpretation process. There are three such principles. The first concerns the unchangeable aspect of interpretation; the second, the hierarchical aspect; and the third, the undefined aspect.

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Revisiting Post-Islamism a Decade After the Arab Spring

Author(s): Mohammad Affan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The Arab Spring uprisings marked a watershed moment in regional politics, significantly impacting Islamist movements in terms of strategies, ideologies, and organizational structures. Accordingly, this paper examines whether these dramatic events strengthened or weakened the post-Islamist evolution of traditional political Islam movements, focusing on the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (E-MB) and the Tunisian Ennahda Movement Party (EMP) as case studies. The proposed hypothesis is that the Arab Spring has variably influenced Islamists. In Egypt, it initially weakened the post-Islamist turn of the E-MB. However, owing to the 2013 coup and subsequent repression, the E-MB was politically excluded and weakened, creating a vacuum that was filled by various forms of less political or non-ideological forms of Islamic activism. The Tunisian Islamists had a different story. The Arab Spring seems to have strengthened their transition to post-Islamism. In its tenth conference, the EMP declared its exit from political Islam, adopting the new concept of Muslim Democracy. Even after the presidential takeover in July 2021, which resulted in the political exclusion of the EMP, the Work and Achievement party that defected from it maintained clear post-Islamist features.

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Islam Penginyongan: Orientation of Local Wisdom towards Ebeg Tradition in Islamic Studies and Local Culture

Author(s): - Nawawi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Javanese culture has become the center of study for many Indonesians, due to its historical dominance in the fields of politics, economics, culture, and its status as a major ethnic group in the archipelago. Throughout its history, Javanese culture has gradually absorbed various elements and influences and has been influenced by various interactions for more than a millennium from foreign cultures and civilizations. Islamic values, harmony between movement, music and lyrics in art ok can represent spiritual concepts in Javanese beliefs. This ritual becomes a channel for the expression of spirituality, connecting humans with higher dimensions and honoring the presence of spiritual forces. The method in this research is qualitative. The results of this research are: in art ok, process machine is a powerful reflection of humanity's greed and lust for the world. This is a moral message and reminder about the importance of maintaining balance, caring for spiritual values, and avoiding excessive attachment to material things that can disrupt one's relationship with God. Through procession machine will provide a moral message about the importance of controlling oneself and avoiding negative behavior that can harm oneself and others. Just as this procession illustrates the effects of uncontrolled lust, so too can behavior such as gambling and other vices have a negative impact on a person's life and social relationships. On the other hand, Art ok encourage responsibility to maintain good relationships with law. In all, procession machine for someone is a form of expression of gratitude, appreciation, and happiness to law.

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The Role of Digital Platforms in Studying the Holy Qur’an: A Case Study based on the Voices of Students from Diverse Cultures at the Prophet’s Mosque

Author(s): Ayman Mohammed Zohdi,Fahad Saleem Al-Hafdi,Waleed Salim Alhalafawy / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

All through the past few years, digital platforms have witnessed a widespread and a significant increase in their popularity, coinciding with the increasing dependence on modern technologies and the increasing need for communication and distance education. Digital platforms have proven their efficiency in various educational fields, but few studies have addressed the role of digital platforms in improving the study of the Qur’an. The Prophet’s Mosque is one of the biggest mosques that provides the service of studying the Holy Qur’an relying on multiple methods, including digital platforms which are used in a specific context for teaching the Qur’an to students from various cultural backgrounds from different countries. Accordingly, the current study aims to study the case of digital platforms used in teaching the Holy Qur’an in the Prophet’s Mosque by relying on listening to (7) voices of students studying the Qur’an from different cultural backgrounds. To implement this study, the qualitative case study approach was adapted through interviews and qualitative observation of participating students. According to the outputs of the objective analysis, the results of the study showed that the roles of digital platforms in teaching the Holy Qur’an to students from diverse cultural backgrounds are based on four main topics: educational flexibility, educational efficiency, educational satisfaction, interaction, and participation. These results showed the possibility of expanding the generalization of the experience of the Prophet's Mosque in teaching the Holy Qur’an via digital platforms, as this experience showed that teaching in this way contributes to creating positive attitudes towards digital platforms, enhancing participation in Qur’anic circles, facilitating communication between teachers and students, providing assistance, ease of access, and flexibility of study, which contributes to the continuation of education.

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Freedom of Religion of Muslims in Finland: Impediments in Legislative and Societal Structures

Author(s): Merilii Mykkänen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Freedom of religion and the right to equality and non-discrimination are significant human and fundamental rights that are currently under-researched in the Finnish context. This article analyses how different legislative and societal structures adversely affect the realisation of positive religious freedom for Muslims in Finland by examining two case studies: freedom of religion among Muslim prisoners, and the impermissibility of headscarves as part of the police uniform. The article argues that although Finnish legislation does not directly limit freedom of religion, it contains structures that hinder the realisation of positive religious freedom for Muslims. These stem from the close relationship between the state and the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and from prejudicial attitudes that manifest together or separately. Such structures may lead to an unequal position for Muslims compared to Christians in society, and can constitute discrimination.

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