SLAVENIZIRANI CIGANI U CRNOJ GORI

Author(s): Valtazar Bogičić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19-20/2002

Kada prije izvjesnog vremena pažnja naših čitalaca bijaše skrenuta na učena istraživanja carskog ruskog državnog savjetnika prof. dr Valtazara Bogičića o pravnom životu Slovena složena (Ausland 1873, br. 52), mi smo tada tome dodali saopštenje da se on po nalogu Knjaza od Crne Gore i uz saglasnost ruske vlade uputio na Cetinje da bi tamo izradio zakonik za Crnu Goru. Mi nijesmo propustili da uputimo molbu našem prijatelju-istraživanju da nas obraduje vijestima iz Crne Gore i dobismo prije nekoliko nedjelja donje pismo koje mi u vjernom prevodu u toliko radije ovdje objavljujemo što državni savjetnik Bogičić obrađuje u njemu, uprkos tome što o Ciganima postoji i trajno se uvećava književnost - prema našem saznanju još potpuno nepoznatu granu ovog čudnovatog naroda sa iscrpnošću hvale vrijednom.

SAČUVATI JEDINSTVO BOŠNJAČKO/MUSLIMANSKOG NARODA U CRNOJ GORI

Author(s): Hamdija Fetahović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23-24/2003

Generacije savremenih intelektualaca Bošnjaka/Muslimana u Crnoj Gori dužne su da, jednom za svagda, razriješe pitanje identiteta bošnjačko/ muslimanskog naroda, posebno pitanje njihovog imena. Na ovoj je generaciji u vezi s tim velika odgovornost. Ne bi bilo dobro da se taj posao ostavlja u nasljeđe mlađima.

Kashubian Identity and Education as Key Elements of Language Policy

Author(s): Cezary Obracht-Prondzyński / Language(s): English Issue: Spec./2016

The article presents the issue of language policy implementation in Kashubia, the main motivational force behind its im-plementation being the Kashubian movement. Its beginnings reach back to the mid-19th century and currently the most important active organisation, which has been in existence since 1956, is the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association. This article will analyse the process of the movement’s institutionalisation as well as its pluralisation in the period after 1989. The article will also describe the changes in identity in Kashubian society taking into account the language and ethnicity declarations in the general censuses (2002 and 2011) and changes in legislation. The most critical element has been the development of Kashubian education as the basic tool for implementing language policy.

The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Peru: From Socio-political Marginalization to the Modern Principles of Multiculturalism

Author(s): Marta M. Kania / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of the evolution of the socio-political and legal status of indigenous peoples in the Republic of Peru, and to present one particular example of the struggle for respect and implementation of their rights, as enshrined in international documents and the Constitution of Peru (1993). In the article the historical and problematic perspective has been assumed, discussing the problem from Colonial times, when important decisions were made by the Spanish administration regarding legal and political aspects of indigenous peoples’ status. Next it is discussed the Republican period, which was characterized by a policy of integration and forced acculturation of indigenous peoples into Creole-mestizo mainstream of society. Then the article focuses on the 20th century and the first attempts to acknowledge the diversity and cultural and ethnic identity of the indigenous population, albeit as part of a paternalistic indigenism movement. Finally, it examines the recent decades, which saw the introduction of multicultural policy principles in the form of particular amendments to the Constitution and ratification of major international documents relating to the rights of indigenous peoples. This last period is characterized by a new model of relations between the state and indigenous, and represents an official effort to move away from discriminatory and marginalizing attitudes towards the Indian community, although implementation of multicultural principles is still a very difficult process due to the ossified and inflexible system of dependency and indolence at the level of local administration. The article concludes with a case study of Comunidad Nativa Tres Islas (Madre de Dios), one of the native communities which has for years been fighting for the implementation of a favorable decision of the Constitutional Court of Peru, which at the regional level is still not respected.

The Exile’s Song and It is weary – American poems by August Antoni Jakubowski

Author(s): Ewa Modzelewska / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The subject of this article is the forgotten works of August Antoni Jakubowski, The Exile’s Song and It is weary, discovered on the last pages of a rare 1835 edition of The Remembrances from Auburn. After the November Uprising, Jakubowski, an illegitimate son of Antoni Malczewski, was sent to America, where he became the author of The Remembrances of a Polish Exile– – the first publication about Polish history, literature, and education written in English and published in the United States. So far, Jakubowski’s short life (ended by suicide), torn between two continents, is shrouded in more mysteries and secrets than confirmed facts. Much has been verified through the research of Przemysław Bloch, a New York-based lawyer, together with the author of this article in the United States. The Exile’s Song and It is weary complete the picture of the last American stage of Jakubowski’s work. They are a concentrated expression of all his characteristic moods, and testify to the extreme alienation, hopelessness, and despair that he felt. Despite its intimate tone, the work in large measure constitutes a general testimony of the experience of Polish exiles forced to travel across the ocean.

Profesionálne divadelné súbory národnostných menšín na Slovensku a Ukrajine

Author(s): Ondrej Marchevský,Michailo Petrovyč Zan / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2017

The presented article aims on introducing the pre-conditions, existing state and perspectives for further development of professional ethnic theatres in Slovakia and Ukraine. Theatres, and its ethnic representations, are the most cultivated and most moderate forms of political and civic engagement. This study is an insight into the legislative norms determining the conditions and possibilities for the functioning of ethnics professional theater groups. This insight is based on the norms of EU, the Constitution of SR and UA, and individual legal norms on the level of local public administration. The study also describes how the funding mechanism of these theatres works.

Colleges for Roma in Higher Education

Author(s): Katalin R. Forray / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

This study presents initiatives aimed at promoting education among Roma youth. Today, special attention is given to post-secondary education. In this regard, I reviewed the object of the people’s colleges (“népi kollégium”) movement. In the 1930s and 1940s, a powerful movement successfully promoted education among the poor peasants, the marginalised social class in Hungary at that time. The history of similar efforts among the Roma population evokes this success.

From Multiple Deprivation to Success – Educational Careers of Ten Roma and Gypsy Women

Author(s): Andrea Óhidy / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Roma and Gypsy women in Europe suffer from multiple deprivation: because of their cultural/ethnic traditions, their social situation and their sex/gender. Despite this Roma and Gypsy women are in Hungary (as well as in other countries) more successful in the education system than men. The article analyses the success of ten Roma/Gypsy women, who have come from a background of multiple deprivation but managed to make educational careers in the Hungarian school system. The analysis is focused on the question: “Which factors had an influence on their success?” The empirical analysis is based on biographical narrative interviews which were made by the author in 2012 in Pécs and Budapest. The study shows that all women had a very strong learning motivation and were ready to have conflicts with the traditional female role model. Their parents and teachers played mostly a very positive role in this success, but the most important factor was their own learning motivation.

WYSOKO WYKWALIFIKOWANE MIGRANTKI Z UKRAINY I BIAŁORUSI NA PIERWOTNYM RYNKU PRACY W POLSCE – PRZYCZYNEK DO BADAŃ

Author(s): Anna Dolińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article analyzes the professional experiences of highly skilled female migrants from Ukraine and belarus, who pursue employment in the sectors dominated by Polish nationals, in positions reputed to be of greater social prestige or requiring targeted education and quali cations on the primary labour market in Poland. The aim of the publication is to present the results of exploratory research in terms of the context of migration of expatriates from post-socialist countries to Poland, their experiences on the Polish labour market, and the strategies developed for dealing with unequal treatment in the context of the whole migration experience. The article was based on analysis of empirical material collected in the form of narrative interviews, which were later confronted with selected subject literature.

Срби у Црној Гори после раздвајања Србије и Црне Горе 2006. године

Author(s): Zoran Lutovac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 146/2014

Културна политика и културни идентитет војвођанских Мађара

Author(s): Klara Toth Glemba / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 157-158/2016

In this work are presented studies of cultural policy, dilemmas about determination and definition of the concept, as well as the influence of cultural policy on identity preservation of Hungarians in Vojvodina, first of all their cultural identity. Review of this interesting topic was inspired by the fact that despite constant negative trend of birthrate, forced emigration and assimilation, Hungarians in Vojvodina have, in comparison with other national minorities, the widest circle of cultural, expert and interest associations. The number of various manifestations, diverse in content, is increasing year-on-year, and a growing devotion to identity and identification with Hungarian cultural elements such as maternal language, religion, and education, lead to the thinking about the causes of this trend. To begin with, some possible answers to this question are given. It is the matter of awakening of the identity of Hungarians in Vojvodina, or improvement of adequate cultural policy and socio-political circumstances in which they express their identity.

Ставови наставника о мултикултуралности у Војводини

Author(s): Hajnalka Požar,Čaba Požar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 154/2016

The multicultural context of a society continues to indicate new requirements to which it must respond, with new solutions in the form of competence in interactions with different cultural minorities, and providing the opportunity to acquire intercultural competence, taking into account and respecting the culture and traditions of cultural minorities. The goal of this research is to analyse the teachers’ views of multiculturalism in high school teaching. The data were collected on the attitudes of the respondents toward minority cultures, the willingness to cooperate with the culturally different, the efficacy of intercultural content in different areas, the presence of prejudices of the respondents to different nationalities, and so on. The survey was conducted as a cross-sectional study; 90 teachers were interviewed in the municipalities of Subotica and Novi Sad. The survey instrument was a questionnaire. The research results show that there is a positive openness to the acceptance of cultural diversity. Teachers think that it is important for students to know their own culture and to respect other cultures. Further more, tolerance should be given more attention during classes. As for the content of the curriculum, teachers are interested the most in the contents regarding addictions and sexual education. In addition to that, the majority of the teachers would like to include in their lessons more facts about different cultural traditions and ethnic minorities, which shows their motivation to deal with the issues mentioned beforehand.

TEXT-BOOKS FOR SCHOOLS FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES (IN YUGOSLAVIA)

Author(s): Janoš Gabor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1972

Text-books and other manuals for schools teaching in the languages of ethnic minorities are produced by three special publishing houses: the Provincial Office for the Publication of Text-Books of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Novi Sad (founded in 1966), the Provincial Office for the Publication of Text-Books and Teaching Aids of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, Priština (founded in 1969; from 1962 to 1969 it operated as a department of the Republican Office for the Publication of Text-Books), and the Republican Office for the Publication of Text-Books and Teaching Aids of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, which also publishes text-books in Bulgarian for members of this ethnic minority.

PRZEMIANY W DOSTĘPIE MNIEJSZOŚCI NARODOWYCH DO MEDIÓW NA POMORZU ZACHODNIM

Author(s): Janusz Mieczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2008

Minority media play an important role as the sphere in which identities are reproduced and confronted with dominant society. Paper is based on the analysis of the relation between the state policy and the possibility of the accession to mass media by minority groups in the West Pomerania. Author traces a brief history of minority media. Important focus within this area is conditions of production of minority media (including state policy on these media).

MIĘDZY TEORIĄ A PRAKTYKĄ POLITYKI WOBEC MNIEJSZOŚCI NARODOWYCH W POLSCE

Author(s): Janusz Mieczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2009

The situation of national and ethnic minorities in social life of Poland varied within the 20th century. The period prior to 1989 was heterogeneous – World War II is a dividing line in the period. Before World War II the national minorities were numerous and noticeable (about 30% of Polish society). World War II caused a drastic decrease of minority groups (a few per cent of the society) because of the extermination of some minority groups, the change of the borders and migrations. The post-war minorities policy was under the influence of Marxist ideology and was assimilated by power. The situation changed significantly after 1989. Political changes gave an opportunity of creating a civil society with regard to the equal place of minorities in it. The policy on nationalities has constituted a tool for the realisation of this aim. However it was not possible to establish uniform institutional solutions in the policy on nationalities coordination during the first transformation period. The most durable structures appeared to be the ones dependent on Sejm (the Commission of National and Ethnic Minorities) and on the department of culture (team, office and than department of minorities’ culture). The period after 1989 presented the research of legal protection of the possibility to preserve the cultural identity of the minorities. The acceptance of the basic international standards (above all Convention on National Minorities of Council of Europe and European Regional Minority Languages Charter) was accompanied by the creation of Polish legal solutions protecting the rights of the minorities (including appropriate entries in the constitution and an act on national and ethnic minorities and on regional language).

ETNICZNOŚĆ A REGIONALIZM. SZKIC O ZAŁOŻENIACH PROGRAMOWYCH RUCHU AUTONOMII ŚLĄSKA I ŁUŻYCKIEJ PARTII LUDOWEJ

Author(s): Małgorzata Mieczkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2010

Both RAŚ and SLS activities may be considered as another confirmation of ethnic revival in Central Europe. Their activities may also give reason for searching new forms of relations between centers of particular states and their peripheries as well as for discussion about the scope and respect shown by the states and majority societies to rights of minorities. The political platforms of RAŚ and SLS are different at many points and it can reflect well the fact that ethnicity in itself relating to some unique set of symbols and values is being expressed in different manners depending on social and temporal contexts. Both programs however can serve as a basis for ethnic policy understood in terms of ethnic loyalty and regional identity. In both, one can easily perceive two basic postulates characteristic to ethno-regional groups – those underlying the idea of ethnicity and territory. They are usually formulated and expressed as an attempt to fight against economic and social marginalization. According to leaders of those political groups, putting into effect the postulates included in their political programs could lead to political liberation from structural inequality and center’s domination and as a consequence leading to real equality of members of the minority groups with other citizens.

On the independence referendum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and disputed territories in 2017

Author(s): Bill Park,Joost Jongerden,Francis Owtram,Akiko Yoshioka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

On 25th September 2017, the eligible voters of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were given the opportunity to respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to the question, posed in Kurdish, Turkmen, Arabic and Assyrian: “Do you want the Kurdistan Region and the Kurdistani areas outside the administration of the Region to become an independent state?” The aim of this note is to give an empirically focussed account of the independence referendum. The note has been written by four members of a delegation which spent one week in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) with the purpose of observing the referendum. The key point that we draw from these observations is that the referendum and associated aspiration for independence, which potentially could have unified the different political factions in the KRI, has in fact cruelly exposed divisions.

Faj, etnikum és német identitás: A 2010-es futball-világbajnokság német válogatottjának bemutatása a médiában

Author(s): Judit Pethő-Szirmai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

Gehring, Jacqueline: Race, Ethnicity and German Identity: A Media Analysis of the 2010 World Cup Men’s National Soccer Team = Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 39, 2016, No. 11, 1962–1980. p.

Az államegység és a nemzetiségi jogegyenlőség dilemmái

Author(s): László Szarka / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

The fifty-year-long dualist cooperation within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which followed the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (concluded between the Hapsburg monarch and the Hungarian estates) and the law on national minorities (1868) brought a shift only seemingly in the strengthening of Hungary as a nation-state. The Hungarianization did not yield any substantial results: apart from the bilingualism of the non-Hungarian population and the linguistic assimilation of the Jewry, Hungarian was barely spoken in the villages inhabited by ethnic minorities, nor did they have a Hungarian identity. Besides several other factors, that also contributed to the disintegration of the historic Hungary after the First World War.

Etnikai tisztogatás és alternatívái háború idején

Author(s): Judit Pethő-Szirmai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

Bulutgil, H. Zeyney: Ethnic Cleansing and Its Alternatives in Wartime = International Security, 41, Spring 2017, 4, 169-201 p.