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Risk for exercise dependence, eating disorder pathology, alcohol use disorder and addictive behaviors among clients of fitness centers

Author(s): Astrid Müller,Sabine Loeber,Johanna Söchtig,Bert Theodor Te Wildt,Martina De Zwaan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Exercise dependence (EXD) is considered a behavioral addiction that is often associated with eating disorders. To date, only few studies examined the potential overlap between EXD and other addictive behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship of EXD with pathological buying, pathological video gaming (offline and online), hypersexual behavior, and alcohol use disorder in a sample of clients of fitness centers. Methods: The following questionnaires were answered by 128 individuals (age M = 26.5, SD = 6.7 years; 71.7% men, 74.2% university students): Exercise Dependence Scale, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Compulsive Buying Scale, Pathological Computer-Gaming Scale, Hypersexual Behavior Inventory, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: 7.8% of the sample were at-risk for EXD, 10.9% reported eating disorder pathology, 2.3% pathological buying, 3.1% hypersexual behavior, and none of the participants suffered from pathological video gaming. The criteria for severe alcohol disorder pathology (AUDIT ≥ 16) were fulfilled by 10.2%. With regard to continuous symptom scores, EXD symptoms were positively correlated with both eating disorder pathology and pathological buying but not with pathological video gaming, hypersexuality or alcohol use disorder. It is noteworthy that more symptoms of pathological buying corresponded with more symptoms of hypersexual behavior. The correlation pattern did not differ by gender. Discussion: The co-occurrence of EXD, pathological buying and hypersexual behavior on a subclinical level or in the early stage of the disorders should be taken into account when assessing and treating patients. More research is warranted in order to investigate possible interactions between these conditions.

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Exercise dependence and muscle dysmorphia in novice and experienced female bodybuilders

Author(s): Bruce D. Hale,Danielle Diehl,Krista Weaver,Michael Briggs / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

Extensive research has shown that male bodybuilders are at high risk for exercise dependence, but few studies have measured these variables in female bodybuilders. Prior research has postulated that muscular dysmorphia was more prevalent in men than women, but several qualitative studies of female bodybuilders have indicated that female bodybuilders show the same body image concerns. Only one study has compared female bodybuilders with control recreational female lifters on eating behaviors, body image, shape pre-occupation, body dissatisfaction, and steroid use. The purpose of this study was to compare exercise dependence and muscle dysmorphia measures between groups of female weight lifters. Methods: Seventy-four female lifters were classified into three lifting types (26 expert bodybuilders, 10 or more competitions; 29 novice bodybuilders, 3 or less competitions; and 19 fitness lifters, at least 6 months prior lifting) who each completed a demographic questionnaire, the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), the Drive for Thinness scale (DFT) of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale (BDS), and the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI). Results: Female bodybuilders scored higher than fitness lifters for EDS Total, BDS Training and Social Dependence, and on Supplement Use, Dietary Behavior, Exercise Dependence, and Size Symmetry scales of the MDI. Discussion and conclusions: Female bodybuilders seem to be more at risk for exercise dependence and muscle dysmorphia symptoms than female recreational weight lifters.

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The moderating effect of gender on ideal-weight goals and exercise dependence symptoms

Author(s): Brian Cook,Heather Hausenblas,James Rossi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Exercise dependence is implicated in the development of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphic disorder. Although conceptually these disorders represent similar pathologies they largely affect different genders and result in opposite body composition, appearance, and ideal-weight goals (i.e., to gain or lose/maintain weight). Therefore, understanding individuals’ ideal-weight goals related to engaging in exercise while simultaneously examining gender differences in exercise dependence symptoms may help to identify those whom may be most at-risk for eating disorders and muscle dysmorphic disorder. The purpose of our study was to examine the moderating effect of gender for exercise dependence symptoms in relation to weight gain, loss, or maintenance goals. Methods: Self-reported exercise behavior and exercise dependence symptoms (i.e., Exercise Dependence Scale) were assessed in 513 undergraduate students. Results: Our analysis revealed a moderating effect for gender on ideal-weight goals and a gender difference in exercise dependence symptoms. Specifically, men who were dissatisfied with their current weight reported more exercise dependence symptoms than women. Conclusions: These results support a growing body of research and extend our understanding of the relationships among exercise dependence and gender specific body-focused psychiatric disorders.

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Does the uptake of wagering inducements predict impulse betting on sport?

Author(s): Nerilee Hing,Alex M.T. Russell,En Li,Peter Vitartas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Marketing inducements for addictive products, such as wagering, can prompt impulse purchasing by triggering consumption reminders, urges, and cravings. Wagering inducements incentivize betting by providing bonus bets, money-back guarantees, deposits into betting accounts, and discounts. Their promotion during sporting events, push marketing efforts directed at consumers, and ease of uptake at the point-of-sale, may trigger betting on impulse. This study examined whether the uptake of wagering inducements predicted impulse betting on sport. Methods: Australian sports bettors (N = 1,813) completed an online survey measuring their proportion of planned bets, impulse bets before match commencement, and impulse bets during play; frequency of using wagering inducements; and several psychological, behavioral, and demographic variables. Results: More frequent users of wagering inducements had a greater tendency to place impulse in-play bets, which were also predicted by problem gambling, higher buying impulsiveness, higher frequency of watching sports, younger age, and higher educational status. Sports bettors with a greater tendency to place impulse bets before match commencement also tended to have higher buying impulsiveness and to be younger, but they used inducements less frequently, and tended to be female, less-educated and non-problem, moderate risk, or problem gamblers. Discussion and conclusions: Uptake of wagering inducements appeared to be particularly effective in stimulating impulse in-play betting among problem gamblers and frequent sports viewers. These results suggest that a more cautious approach to the regulation of both in-play bets and wagering inducements may be required to better protect young adults from gambling problems and harm.

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TURYSTYKA SPORTOWA – O SEMANTYCZNYM NIEPOROZUMIENIU REFLEKSJI KILKA

Author(s): Stefan Bosiacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

We współczesnym świecie sport staje się nie tylko potężnym „przemysłem”, generującym gigantyczne obroty finansowe, ale także znaczącym elementem sfery kultury. Miasta coraz usilniej zabiegają o organizację znaczących wydarzeń sportowych, które są doskonałym instrumentem promocji danego obszaru (miejscowości), tworzenia pozytywnego wizerunku miasta, a w konsekwencji instrumentem aktywizacji lokalnej gospodarki, w tym także gospodarki turystycznej.

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THE EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMS AND TEACHING METHODS FOR TOURISM AND LEISURE ECONOMICS: THE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN KRAKOW

Author(s): Bartosz Szczechowicz,Paweł Stelmach / Language(s): English Issue: 2 ENG/2017

The aim of the article is to answer the question: what can non-economic universities do to improve their curricula for economic modules and methods of implementation? Literature review, participant observation and descriptive statistics were used based on an original set of 430 projects from the ‘Marketing of tourism and leisure services’ course for the academic years 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17. Adopting a student orientation as a long-term partner in the information exchange process, in line with the concept of relationship marketing, contributes to the intensification of the didactic process aimed at broadening knowledge of economic reality.

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GÜZEL SANATLAR VE SPOR LİSELERİNDE GÖRSEL SANATLAR DERSİNDE PLASTİK SANAT ELEMANLARINDAN ÇİZGİNİN ÇOCUĞUN YARATICILIĞINA ETKİSİ (KIRIKKALE İLI ÖRNEĞI)

Author(s): Hüseyin Gençer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

In fine arts and sport high school-in the classes of the visual arts (design); although the line is one of the important plastic art elements in means of the student’s creativeness. It has been seen that it couldn’t have had enough improvement paralel to the aims and it has been researched that some problems have occured in terms of the creativeness of the students during the application.In this study single group pretest, posttest experimental design and mixed method research was used. The gained data was sees as reliable after been evaluated with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The application was done in 2010-2011 educational year autumn semester on the fine arts and sport high school art department, class 9 (N=23) students. The actual posttest was done on the same student group (N=23) after eight weeks in one semester. Information about how the line’s effect on the students’ creativeness, applied teaching methods, intrinsic and extrinsic activities affected the artistic creativeness of the student, was gained and suggestions about the subject were given.

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Dimenzije self-koncepta i bavljenje sportom u ranoj adolescenciji

Author(s): Tatjana Tubić,Višnja Đorđić,Sunčica Poček / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

The aim of this paper is to examine the differences in particular dimensions of self-concept in female and male adolescents depending on sports engagement, as well as to determine which domain-specific self-perceptions provide the highest contributions to global self-worth in female and male adolescents engaged in sport and those not engaged in it. This research included 400 subjects at early adolescent age, of both genders (235 females and 164 males) further divided to sub-samples of athletes and non-athletes. An adapted version of a scale Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) was applied, which consists of nine subscales. The obtained results indicate that sport-engaged adolescents of both genders provide more favourable perception of themselves in most tested aspects of self-concept than those not engaged in an organized sports activity. Engagement in sport has special effect on self-concept of male adolescents. Results of multiple regression analysis point out unambiguously the significance of self-perception of physical appearance in global self-worth of adolescents of both genders, irrespective of whether they are involved in sports activity or not.

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Ergenlerin Sosyal Görünüş Kaygisi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi (Kırıkkale İli Örneği)

Author(s): Yusuf Soylu,Fatih Atik,Mehmet Öçalan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: S1/2017

This research was carried out on 335 students (170 males and 165 females) in Anatolian High School, Science High School and Sports High School in Kırıkkale. The aim of the study was to compare the social appearance anxiety levels according to gender, age, school and sporting / non-sporting variables of adolescents who did and did not perform sports. The research method was the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSI) scale. Hart et al. (2008) developed a self-report style measure designed to measure the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral anxieties experienced by an individual about appearance. The Turkish adaptation study of the scale was carried out by Doğan (2010). The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale is a measure of 16 items. High scores from the social anxiety scale, which measures social anxiety in one dimension, indicate that the anxiety of appearance is high. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of your scale was .86 In the study, it was determined that the social appearance anxiety levels of adolescents did not show any significant difference according to age variable. It is seen that there is a significant difference according to the variables of the adolescents, gender, school and sporting/not doing.

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Alex Rotas: Growing Old Competitively: Photographs of Masters Athletes

Author(s): Ľubica Voľanská / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Review of: ALEX ROTAS GROWING OLD COMPETITIVELY: PHOTOGRAPHS OF MASTERS ATHLETES Bristol: Alex Rotas Publishing, 2014, 69 p

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BEYOND THE FRINGE: THE ROLE OF RECREATION IN MULTI-FUNCTIONAL URBAN FRINGE LANDSCAPES

Author(s): Ian Gilhespy / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This paper reviews some of the academic literature and policy documents that relate to and promote the need for urban design and the re-invigoration of the processes and practices of ‘masterplanning’. Specifically, this paper concerns the implications for recreation in areas that have been conceptualised in a number of ways including ‘urban fringe’ and ‘fringe-belt’ and the ways in which these areas are being re-developed as multi-functional spaces in the planning process. The paper pays particular attention to the proposed development of the ‘North Plymouth Community Park’ examining the claims made for the sustainable characteristics of the development and questioning the absence of the cultural aspects of recreation.

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Prevention of Postural Deficiencies for Children from the 3rd to the 4th Grade with the Help of Specific Resources in Sports

Author(s): Mihai Panait,Anamaria GHERGHEL,Corina Țifrea / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

What it is about: The fundamental argument for placing movement in an educational context lies in the strong links that are developed alongside the major biological functions with psychological processes and especially with cognitive ones. Motric activity sustains life; it is a means of survival, of adapting the human being to the environment and a factor contributing to cultural, social and economic progress. What we propose: • Detection of postural deficiencies in children from the 3rd to the 4th grade through screening in schools. • The early detection of postural deficiencies and the creation of a prevention program in order to improve the postural attitude of the person and their successful integration into the labour market in the long-term. The research method is experimental, which is a multilateral system of reality knowledge using “experimental reasoning, which processes facts from observations and experiment”. Who would benefit and in what ways: The students in the research will benefit from a postural evaluation made with specialized equipment, which is impossible in schools at the moment due to a lack of means to appreciate the postural attitude in medical clinics. Conclusions: The postural deficiencies in children, found and not treated at the right moment, are the main reasons for the deformations in adult age, which affect the economical and social output of a large part of the active citizens.

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THE REFLECTION OF XENISMS WITH ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY INTO SPORTING DOMAIN

Author(s): Mihaela Hriban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2018

Languageisa ”living body” into a continuous movement by means of words and structures that we borrow from different languages. We try to bring into light the manner in which borrowings that have English Etymon are going to influence our Romanian lexis. In this way, we choose different examples from sporting newspapers in order to reveal the phonetical adaptation, the morphological and the semantic evolution or involution of English words into our lexis. We know that sporting domain is into a continuous enrichment of words that have different origins, especially: English one. Our purpose is to reveal the manner in which English words from sporting language are going to influence Romanian vocabulary and to bring into light the consequences of the English influence upon Romanian lexis. We select, from different sporting contexts, words that have unique and multiple etymology and analyse them into Romanian from different linguistic viewpoints: phonetic, morphologic, semantic and stylistic.

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Префіксоїди супер- і мега- як засоби оновлення футбольного лексикону: українсько-польські паралелі

Author(s): Vitalii V. Maksymchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 53/2018

The article describes the neologisms with the prefixoides super- and megarecorded in the modern Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse. Those innovations add meaningfulness and dynamism to a text, render the word semantics more expressive and intensive, and contribute to the economy of language resources. In Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse the prefixoides super- and mega- are synonyms, and using them as structural components of neologism depends on the speaker’s language and aesthetic tastes. The prefixoidal innovations are used for the nomination of different football processes, phenomena and actions, such as: a) football games; b) game moments; c) hits on the ball; d) scored goals; e) tactical moves by a team; f) individual players’ technical moves; g) results of matches etc. Most often, the neologisms with the prefixoides super- and mega- contain the seme ‘the best; exceeding the level of others,’ while some are based on the semes ‘powerful,’ ‘intensive,’ ‘effective,’ ‘the most modern.’ When added to an anthroponym, neologisms which contain the prefixoides super- and mega- stress the football player’s professionalism. In Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse, the formative base for prefixoidal neologism are usually borrowed lexemes, although in Polish there is a stronger tendency to use native lexemes in this capacity, some of which do not have direct counterparts in Ukrainian, for example, superłącznik, megawolej. The football lexicons of both languages absorbed military words to foster expressiveness by likening football to warfare. On the whole, the aspects of football described by the neologisms lead to the conclusion that for the speakers football is interesting as a game, but not as business or a commercial product.

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Introduzione al linguaggio della fisioterapia. Fenomeni linguistici rilevanti della comunicazione in ambito riabilitativo

Author(s): Julia M. Murrmann / Language(s): Italian Issue: 30/2018

The research object of the present paper is the language of physiotherapy, analyzed on the basis of records of an oral communication between specialists in movement rehabilitation and patients, and the corpus of articles of informative character, yet not on specialist but on popular science level, written by trained physiotherapists and addressed to non-expert readers seeking advice on the treatment of diseases and dysfunctions of the spinal column. The language of physiotherapists, who are officially representatives of the health system, relies heavily on the language of medicine, but its specificity is also due to its strong links with sport, biomechanics, healthcare, fitness industry and social psychology, as well as to the character of the interaction between physiotherapists and patients. The conducted analysis enabled to identify typical lexical and morphosyntactic features of the language of physiotherapy. The discussed subject is in line with the research on effective communication between the patient and health providers which is essential for the delivery of high-quality medical care.

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Recenzija: Izum smučarske tradicije: kulturna zgodovina smučanja na Slovenskem do leta 1941.

Author(s): Jure Gašparič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2010

The review of: Borut Batagelj, Izum smučarske tradicije: kulturna zgodovina smučanja na Slovenskem do leta 1941. Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije. Ljubljana 2009, 512 str., ilustr. (Zbirka Zgodovinskega časopisa: zv. 38).

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Od nogometne tekme do »mitinga resnice«

Author(s): Aleš Šafarič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2010

On the basis of the research of Slovenian and Yugoslav newspapers, oral sources and literature, the author of the following article depicts the role of the supporters of the football clubs of Olimpija from Ljubljana and Crvena zvezda from Belgrade at the championship game in November 1989, when the danger of the »Rally of Truth« in Slovenia was imminent.

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"Naša naloga, smer in cilj" Idejne osnove sokolske misli in vzgoje

Author(s): Tomaž Pavlin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2009

After World War I the so-called "Sokoli" (Falcons) as a national defence and gymnastic movement with its idea and education clashed with the positions of the traditional tutor - the Roman Catholic Church - and was thus involved in the cultural struggle. The founder of the Sokoli idea and gymnastic activities was Miroslav Tyrš, a Czech who defined the basic guidelines and tasks of the Sokoli movement in his article Our Task, Direction and Goal, published in 1871. The author of the following contribution shall define the Sokoli education and idea on the basis of Tyrš's article. Within the Slovenian Sokoli movement, this idea was introduced by Viktor Murnik.

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NASILJE NAVIJAČKIH GRUPA - MODERAN OBLIK DRUŠTVENE DEVIJACIJE

Author(s): Sanja K. Đurđević,Milica Bošković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2019

The sport is the most popular form of body culture and exists as long as human beings. Sport has significance for person as well as for society. It has very good impact on physical and mental health. But for a long time we are witnessing different form of violence at sports events. In a relatively short period of time, the rebellious movement is recognized primarily among fans of football clubs in England, turning into organized groups of hooligans who, with their ideas and activities, grow the level of action in games. A lot of theoretical and empirical researches had hooligans and violence at sports events for their subject. Violence at sports events disturb main civilization, societal and law values and that is why we can analyze them as form of social deviation.

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NASILJE U SPORTU KAO SEGMENT UGROŽAVANJA BEZBJEDNOSTI

Author(s): Dražen Erkić,Stanislav Dragutinović / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 3/2018

Violence as sociological and safety phenomenon has always been interesting for people, but also for numerous researchers. Being observed within the context of origin of the first human communities it is noticeable that violence has been loyal companion of man , because man is a violent creature by nature. Even now, man cannot get rid of violence, moreover, in nowadays world violence is getting characteristic of universal and planetary phenomenon which more and more threatens to the man and society as a whole. Specific form of threatening safety can be seen through more expressive violence in sport, that is followed by mass riots that include more frequent material damage of sports facilities and other objects, and even body injuries that can have deadly consequences. In addition to the mentioned reasons, even today, violence gets in significance because more and more young people (adolescents) occur to be participants that directly take part in violence at sports events. Modern society faces with, not at all easy, safety challenge trying to find out the most adequate measuresfor preventing violence in sport, and also the real bearer that will confront adequately and timely this phenomenon.The aim of this research paper is to show characteristics of violence, importance of violence in sport as segment of threatening safety, but it will also show necessity of preventive action of local authorities and other services in preventing violence at sports events.

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