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M. Arcta słownik frazeologiczny jako źródło do badań frazeologii polskiej dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Author(s): Gabriela Dziamska-Lenart / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the achievements of Henryk Galle (1872–1948) in the field of lexicography and phraseology. The researcher, along with the publisher, Michał Arct (1840–1916), edited M. Arct's Illustrated Dictionary of the Polish language (1916) and introduced numerous supplements to M. Arct's Phraseological Dictionary (1928). H. Galle developed the third edition (1928) of the first Polish phraseological dictionary, written by Antoni Krasnowolski (1855–1911). H. Galle understood phraseology as a collection of idiomatic expressions and phrases, characteristic of the native language. The dictionaries presented in the article have been recognized as a valuable source for the study of changes in the phraseological resources of the Polish language.

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Pozasłownikowy wariant frazeologiczny: (nie)przypadkowy normatywizm?

Author(s): Piotr Fliciński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author presents the phraseological variability from the dictionary user’s perspective. Traditional dictionaries do not record many idioms and their variants present in the language. Therefore, they can be treated only to a limited extent as prescriptive sources. The author argues that the best solution to this problem is the frequently updated online phraseological dictionary gathering the best features of previous lexicographic works.

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Komu i do czego miały być potrzebne słowniki wielojęzyczne z XVI i XVII wieku?

Author(s): Anna Grzeszak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Polyglot dictionaries are considered to be a phenomenon of the 16th–17th century Europe; however, this phenomenon has not been described in more detail. The aim of this paper is to examine the purpose and the target readership of the multilingual word lists published in that period. The study analyses the content of prefaces to selected 16th and 17th century dictionaries which comprise at least five languages and present mainly equivalents. The results indicate that the dictionaries were either meant as language learning tools, or had no practical purpose.

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Słownik języka polskiego (1938–1939) pod redakcją Tadeusza Lehra-Spławińskiego jako słownik porównawczo-etymologiczny języków słowiańskich

Author(s): Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Słownik języka polskiego [The Dictionary of the Polish Language] edited by T. Lehr-Spławiński is used as a pretext for dealing with this work as a Slavic comparative and etymological dictionary. This unusual lexicographic approach was the result of the scholar’s research on early Slavic lexical heritage in Polish and other Slavic languages. It appears that experience gained from selecting etymologically cognate equivalents of Polish headwords in the 1918–1939 dictionary prompted Lehr-Spławiński to draft an early scheme of the Słownik prasłowiański in post-war times. He was also instrumental in appointing an editorial team for the dictionary in 1954.

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Czasowniki oznaczające efektywność akcji w świetle ustaleń leksykograficznych

Author(s): Karolina Lisczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Although the term „effective” has been functioning for years in linguistic terminology (both in the field of word formation and classification of types of actions), there are no clearly defined semantic criteria allowing to group lexemes within this class. The author observes the strategies used in selected dictionaries of contemporary Polish language (SJPD, ISJP, USJP and WSJP) to define verbs recognized by researchers as effective (they are mainly deverbal formations, modifying the meaning brought by the basis, cf. verbs with prefixes nad-, pod-, przy- and prze-, eg., nadciąć, podleczyć, przyciemnić, przesolić). On this basis, the author formulates preliminary conclusions on efficiency.

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Pary aspektowe w polskich słownikach

Author(s): Marek Łaziński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the rules for presenting aspect pairs in Polish dictionaries against the background of the development of aspectology. Aspect partners were hardly recognised and connected to each other in the oldest dictionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. Dictionaries from the 19th centuries until the last decade of the 20th century generally put suffixal and suppletive pairs into one lexical entry and neglected prefixal pairs not even cross referring to them. The situation changed only at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries, when dictionaries provided prefixal pairs with cross reference from pf partners to ipf ones or from ipf to pf. Presentation of aspect pairs in dictionaries follows the evolution of the theory of verbal aspect, albeit several dozenyears behind.

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Opis leksykograficzny jednostki mówionej. Refleksje na kanwie badań nad no i właśnie z wykorzystaniem korpusów polszczyzny mówionej

Author(s): Monika Zaśko-Zielińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The analysis of lexemes no, właśnie, jakby, znaczy in formal conversation (corpus GeWiss) and informal conversation (corpus Spokes) shows that contemporary dictionaries of Polish language do not consider all their functions which are used in everyday communication. The article presents some gaps in lexicographic description of words with high frequency in spoken communication and the necessary methodological conditions to describe the semantics and function of a speech unit. The use of spoken corpora prepared in an appropriate manner is required.

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Miejsce regionalizmów w słowniku ogólnym

Author(s): Donata Ochmann / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article describes the presence of regionalisms in the Polish language dictionary. Using the example of the Cracovian regional vocabulary analysis in the post-war Polish language dictionaries, it demonstrates that its description is unsatisfactory. This is due to, among others, lack of knowledge about the regional differences and disregard of them; it is linked to the assumption that the unification of the Polish language is increasing. The author notes the vitality of regionalisms and contemporary changes in their functioning which show their social role. Therefore, she advocates for the change of the anachronistic attitude of lexicographers and formulates conclusions regarding selection and description criteria for regionalisms in the Polish language dictionary.

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Znaczenie, zakres i zastosowanie terminu socjoleksykografia

Author(s): Barbara Pędzich / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The term socio-lexicography, even though rarely encountered in Polish linguistic papers, is oft en used in foreign (in particular Russian) publications in the area of lexicography theory. Some researchers refer it to the lexicographic description of a community (or, more broadly, sub-standard) lexicon, whereas others assume that socio-lexicography examines the manner in which social processes are reflected in dictionaries. The author of the paper presents a review of works that take into account both possibilities of understanding this concept and also indicates detailed issues and research perspectives which are included within the discussed current of lexicography.

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Słowniki polskiego języka migowego dostępne on-line. Krytyczna analiza leksykograficzna

Author(s): Karolina Ruta-Korytowska,Marta Wrześniewska-Pietrzak,Anna Wiśniewska-Jankowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses four dictionaries of Polish Sign Language available on the Internet: 1. Multimedialny słownik języka migowego [‘Multimedial Sign Language Dictionary’], compiled as a part of the project Safe Citizens of the World of Silence (PZGSzczecin); 2. SpreadTheSign, an international dictionary of selected national languages (including Polish Sign Language PJM); 3. Polish Sign Language Dictionary, prepared as a part of the project migaj.eu; 4. The Polish Sign Language Corpus Dictionary, created by the Sign Language Linguistics Laboratory at the University of Warsaw. The items mentioned above have been analysed both in terms of the purpose they are supposed to serve and the differences between them at the level of their micro- and macrostructure.

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Makrostruktura słowników tematycznych a podział na pola znaczeniowe

Author(s): Elżbieta Sękowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the stages of creating thematic dictionaries starting from the first half of the 16th century to the 21st century. The author emphasizes the relationship between the macrostructure of dictionaries and both their functions and the division of concepts and/or methods of categorizing „reality”. The latter is reflected in the number and hierarchy of thematic groups. In Polish lexicography, thematic dictionaries were not popular, although European lexicography often used them. Metalexicography became the subject of reflection only at the beginning of the 21st century at the time when the work on the Great Dictionary of Polish and the conceptual system in the Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish began.

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Bóg musi być kulą. Czy przykłady użycia w internetowym słowniku języka polskiego mogą być: interesujące – zabawne – kontrowersyjne?

Author(s): Łukasz Szałkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The editor of an online dictionary (where the lexicographer is not limited by the amount of space) can give full- or even multi-sentence usage examples. He can also assume that he only records authentic examples. In order to encourage the user to look into them, he can add one more assumption: let these examples be interesting, let them bring additional knowledge, be funny, intriguing, maybe even controversial. Such assumptions, adopted in the work on the popular science “Good dictionary” (available at dobryslownik.pl), give rise to many additional issues and problems. In the article, the author focuses on three issues: 1. how an usage example can convey additional knowledge (in particular, supplement the defi nition), 2. why a funny example is better than some other, 3. should we avoid recording characteristic usage examples, in which it is mentioned that, for example, (in italics, words-dictionary entries) „renault driven by a drunk driver collided …”, that „mother drowned the baby in Dobczyn”, that „Gwóźdź was sentenced to life imprisonment”, etc.

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Leksykografia a komparatystyka

Author(s): Ewa Szczęsna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject matter of the article is a presentation of relationships between lexicography and comparative studies. While crossing the boundaries of texts, disciplines, discourses is the essence of comparative research, the delimitation and defining the boundaries of words and theirs collections is the task of lexicography. The article shows the mutual relevance of both areas (and ways of thinking) despite these differences. The confrontation and the comparison are necessary components of the research of the lexicographic. In turn, comparative studies, are based on what is defined, and crossing some boundaries, establishes the following. The article shows the cooperation between both ways of thinking in practice, and stresses the role of digital technologies in the creation of new forms of glossaries.

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Projekt Słownika haseł politycznych (1918–2018)

Author(s): Marta Śleziak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the idea for A Dictionary of Political Catchwords (1918–2018), being prepared by linguists from the University of Wrocław. A few issues are discussed: the scientific goals of the project, the need to define, a notion of political catchwords, and research methodology.

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Słowo i znak

Author(s): Andrzej Bogusławski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author claims that the word sign is not idiomatically applicable to linguistic expressions (apart from certain technical terms such as diacritic signs). Therefore, in the framework of postulated natural language idiomaticity of terminology, the following interrelations are to be considered incorrect: 1. identity of range of ‘linguistic expressions’ and ‘signs’, 2. inclusion of the latter in the former, 3. inclusion of the former in the latter, 4. intersection of the former and the latter. The correct relationship between the former and the latter is that of disjunction. On the other hand, there is a kind of analytic entailment between signs as the antecedent and linguistic expressions as a consequent: this is the fact that any idiomatic sign unilaterally involves the use of some linguistic expressions whereby the sign is introduced without the reverse of it being valid. In this perspective, any attempt at finding a generalization covering signs and linguistic expressions as placed on an equal footing, especially when the role of “common denominator” is assigned to ‘sign’, leads to absurdities (in particular, to a destructive infinite regress). The author closes his article with a commentary on the history of views concerning“ signs” and their possible scopes as envisaged by different scholars.

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Na marginesie semiotyki kultury: problemy tzw. nauk kulturoznawczych

Author(s): Robert Boroch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article aims at introducing proposals of solutions to methodological issues of the socalled cultural studies (or in a broader meaning: the so-called humanities). The promising perspective for the so-called cultural studies can be a reversal towards cultural semiotics; still, this requires further terminological and conceptual specifi cations. The article discussed key terms, concepts, and processes connected with understanding the culture and giving signifi cance to beings, who are or exist. The issue, which is of special significance in relation to culture semiotics, is functioning and the role of L1 and L2 languages (J. Lotman’s concept); a proper comprehension of idea of lower-order language-system and higher-order language-system, as well as L1 and L2 functioning mechanisms, and, especially, substituting mechanisms, is essential to grasp assumptions of culture semiotics from the presented broader perspective.

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Невербальная семиотика и театр

Author(s): Grigorij Krejdlin / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fruitfulness of decifration of cultural non-verbal codes both in everyday life and in theater is beyond all doubts. However, such a decifration is a complicated scientific task, since it is the national style of thinking and national culture that lie behind body signs. The paper addresses some applications of non-verbal semiotics, whose subject is culture specific body languages and non-verbal models of body behavior, to various domains of culture, in the first place to theater and dance.

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Syntactics, the third component of a linguistic sign

Author(s): Igor Aleksandrowicz Mel'čuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the notion of linguistic sign. The Saussurean concept of sign is presented, followed by the discussion of the missing “third component”: syntactics, or the data on sign’s combinatorics, which is of utmost importance for linguistic signs. The notion of linguistic sign within Meaning-Text approach is introduced, with several linguistic examples illustrating a linguistic sign’s components.

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Нулевые знаки как средство суггестии

Author(s): Józefina Piątkowska-Brzezińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this paper non-prototypical, non-salient meanings of zero-signs are studied. The discussion focuses on cases where a syntactic zero could be recovered not due to its opposition to some explicit form, but due to other, rarely, if ever considered circumstances. The subject matter of the paper is Marina Tsvetaeva’s lyrics. In order to conduct pragmatic analysis of the poet’s “maximal exploitation of grammatical and syntactic ellipses” (Karlinsky 1966: 132), modern studies of zero verbs due to B. Wiemer and M. Haspelmath are taken into consideration. The analysis will reveal that the arrangement of zero-signs can acquire suggestive and iconic function, mirroring the movement of the poem from utmost implicitness to more overtness.

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Повествование в гоголевской «Шинели»: разрушенная синтактика

Author(s): Gennadij Zeldowicz,Ekaterina Blizniuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

It is shown how prototypical modes of relating text fragments to each other are eroded in Gogol’s story – in particular, how the thematic-rhematic structure of sentences is deformed, expected anaphoric links are interrupted, anti-narrative effects arise in those portions of the text which most certainly should be of narrative nature. The conclusion is that erosion of syntagmatic relations is characteristic of Gogol’s text as a whole.

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