Tipologiile promovate de şaizecişti. De la „suceală", la bizareria extremă

Author(s): Alexandra-Oana SAFTA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2015

This work deals with how the prose writers of the '60s bring into the literary landscape unique characters, which contradict the structural and thematic scheme of the creations promoted via official channels, in accordance with the dominant ideology. Bănulescu, D.R. Popescu, Fănuș Neagu, Vlad Ioviță and others choose artistic realism with mythical nuances, which they use in stories filled of mystery and parables, with ambiguous messages whose stake is mainly the atmosphere they depict. The originality of the characters varies from mere behavioral oddities to extreme extravagance felt as pathology, labeling the individual as misfit and banishing him. The humankind of the generation of the '60s is comprised of unique prototypes, from characters marked by the trauma represented by war or physical or mental disability, to tricksters; of an exuberant vitality or, on the contrary, dreamers and lunatics.

Aserbajdshan: Probleme der sittlichen Erziehung

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 01/1980

Time and again, "moral misconducts" of senior and middle party cadres are uncovered in various Soviet republics, each of which leads to purges. The article of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Politburo candidate G. Aliyev, which is reproduced in part in the following, is based on a paper presented at a scientific-practical Union conference on 25-27. Held in Baku on 28 April 1979, shows that the transgressions are neither a local nor an overcome phenomenon. In analyzing these phenomena, Aliyev speaks of a "scientific approach," which does not prevent him from reducing all negative phenomena to the apparently still-widespread "remnants of the past," but certainly not to shortcomings or the hierarchical structures of the present Soviet society. The Azerbaijani party leader frequently refers to the Central Committee decree "On the further improvement of ideological and political-educational work" from the beginning of May 1979 (see the text of the Decree in: Eastern Europe, 11/1979, p. ). Furthermore, Aliyev reports of "moral defects" in various spheres of life of the republic, but also leads to achievements that have been achieved by ideological work. After all, Aliyev assigns an important role to the family in the moral education of young people; In this context, he draws the negative image of the "consumer man," who knows only demands, but no duties. Therefore, the young should be taught the true ideals of the Soviet man in a timely manner through increased Marxist education. SOURCE: Aliev: Aktual’nye voprosy nravstvennogo vospitanija [Aktuelle Fragen der sittlichen Erziehung], in: Kommunist, Nr. 8, Mai 1979, S. 27-40) [............]

Ungarns nonkonforme Jugend im Spiegel der Presse

Author(s): Georg Handlery / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1980

The signs are mounting that the leading circles of Hungary have come to realize that society is develop-ing in a manner deviating from Marxist expectations. It has long been suspected that the generation that was coined in the pre-socialist era produces individuals only in exceptional cases, whose attitude corresponds to the ideal expectations of the doctrinaire leaders of the system. Whether the appear-ance of a "new man" in his total perfection was ever seriously expected is doubtful. But one did be-lieve in the emergence of a new type acting out of conviction and well-intentioned self-interest, whose "values" should have come close to the postulates of the theory.

Sorgen mit Ungarns Jugend

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1980

A number of young people's problems seem to be increasingly worrying Hungarian party and state leaders. However, the problems are shifting: just ten years ago, when it was mainly sexual and crime issues that disturbed those responsible, today the emphasis has shifted more to issues of work ethic, the enjoyment of life or the relationships between parents and their growing children. In all of this, the "soft wave" that is currently practiced in Hungary, as well as in other countries, deserves special mention: Today, the focus is not so much on punishment but more on conviction and education. "The following two documents show the youth problem from different angles. SOURCES: Miklós Merö: A terraszon ülnek [They are sitting on the terrace], in: Népszabadság, 17.9.1978 István Safran: Csellengö gyerekek a Balaton partján. Vidám kirándulás vagy felelötlen csatangolas? [Stray children at Lake Balaton. Excursion or irresponsible roaming?], In: Népszabadság, 8. 7. 1978, p. 6

Rumänische Jugendprobleme

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1980

In the organ of the Union of Romanian Communist Youth, "Scinteia tineretului" (Spark of Youth), from time to time a column appears under the title "Man to Man" (De la om la om), in which young people discuss their problems. The following articles are mainly about the question of the "femininity" of the young girls of today. The first contribution is the letter to the editor of a graduate of a specialist grammar school for mathematics and physics, which is reproduced in some excerpts. The following document is an opinion on the statements of the graduate of a reader from Arad, while the third article (page A 93), a letter to the editor from the port city Tulcea located on the Danube, because of the un-wanted humor contained therein by the head of the section "From person to person" until the New Year's edition of the sheet was reset. But criticism of the discussion of the problems also becomes loud (fourth document, p. A 94), and the last contribution weighs various opinions on the concept of "fe-mininity" on the basis of a few examples.

Bemühungen um straffällige Jugendliche in Kroatien

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1980

The article from Zagreb "Vjesnik", reproduced below, deals with problems caused by "unlawful conduct", ie. crime committed by young people in Croatia. It points out some new ways to resocialize adolescents, as well as achievements already made. At the same time, however, the authors point out that it is precisely those institutions which, by order of the Croatian Parliament, should intensively deal with these problems, remain passive. Parental home and school, for example, in connection with the arrest of some groups of juvenile rioters and gunmen in the Slavonian city of Osijek, have also been partly responsible for the fact that they obviously did not care enough about how the young people spend their time ( see Vesnes, 16.9.1978, p. Likewise, one of the employees of the Republic Secretariat for Public Health and Social Affairs of Croatia notes that companies do not like to refer to pupils of educational institutions as workers. Although the article deals with conditions in the Republic of Croatia, conditions in other republics of Yugoslavia are likely to be similar. SOURCE: Ingrid Badurina, Nenad Ivankovic, Mario Profaca: Omladinska delinkvencija - Kad bi rog bio svijeća mogao bi izgorjeti [juvenile delinquency - if the horn were a candle, it could burn], in: Vjesnik, 22.4. 1978 P. 26-28)

Kdo plánuje jedináčka a kdo chce zůstat bezdětný? Faktory ovlivňující nízké reprodukční plány mužů a žen

Author(s): Hana Hašková,Kristýna Pospíšilová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2020

Remaining childless or having just one child are two different experiences and each is attached to a different social status. However, they can also be viewed through a unifying lens as phenomena that contribute to low fertility. Theories that seek to explain low fertility often attribute both phenomena to the same causes. This article examines what factors are connected to a person’s intention to remain childless or to have just one child and whether it is possible to consider intentions to remain childless or have just one child as low-fertility plans caused by the same factors. Drawing on data from the Life Course 2010 survey and theories that seek to explain low fertility, logistic regressions are used to test what factors are connected to intentions to remain childless and what factors relate to intentions to have just one child. Some factors were founded to be linked to both intentions to remain childless and intentions to have just one child: an older age, a lower level of education, changing reproductive intentions, not having a partner, and less emphasis on the need to be parent to be fulfilled in life. Other factors were found to relate only to intentions to remain childless. Intentions to remain childless and intentions to have one child can thus be regarded as reproductive intentions that are underpinned by similar but not identical factors.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND RELATED ETHICAL ISSUES (PREJUDICE, STIGMATISATION)

Author(s): Miroslav Škoda / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

At the beginning the paper introduces the role of patient and the four features of the role, as formulatedby T. Parsons and E. Freidson in their sociology works. Based on this concept of the role of the patient, thetext argues in favour of recognis

Wsparcie jako niezbędny czynnik w procesie pomagania jednostkom w kryzysie

Author(s): Anna Siemaszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Supervision has its origins as early as in the 19th century. In the first period, it involved supervising overseers or otherwise supervisors over the activities of volunteers who, among poor families, spread the pattern of correct (“healthy”) relationships. The task of supervisors was to control and advise volunteers. Since then, the notion of supervision has changed a little, but its meaning began to grow. In today’s understanding, we call supervision a process during which a social worker develops his or her interpersonal skills and learns how to deal methodically with a social worker (Domaradzki, Krzyszkowski i in. 2016: 17). In other words, it is a meeting of a person working in the aid sector with a certified supervisor in order to create space for reflection on the relationship between the supervisor and his client. Among the types of supervision we can distinguish: individual supervision (follow-up and participatory), programme and project supervision and group supervision (follow-up and participatory). In my paper I would like to describe the most important aspects related to supervision and show why it is an important element of social work that improves the quality of social assistance services.A family is an important link of the whole society. Its existence ensures the continuity of the social system. Properly functioning family is a guarantee of conditions for proper child development. The problem appears at the time of occur care and upbringing difficulties that family cannot manage with. In the past it was thought that the best kind of help for child is excluding from the problematic environment. This trend is currently being reversed. Both state policy as well as local community are the foundations for helping families in crisis. Various legislative solutions are implemented to protect the biological family. Social support activates aid mechanisms which are important to cope with difficulties. The aim of the article is, therefore, to show the links between the state’s social policy and social support. The complementarity of these services provides effective help, and thus prevents placing children in foster care.

Норма права: загальнотеоретична характеристика

Author(s): S. V. Pryima / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 155/2021

The article carries out a general theoretical research of the legal norms. It is emphasized that a legal norm is one of the key concepts of the theory of law, and the importance of a detailed study of the problems of legal norms is due primarily to the fact that the law has such feature as normativity. It is noted that the issue of regulating the behavior of subjects through the legal norms is especially relevant in the legal field, because the fulfillment of the requirements of these rules depends on the state of order of public relations, that is law and order. A legal norm is defined as a fixed in the sources of law binding general rule, which determines the standard of obligatory or permitted behavior or the consequences of its violation in the field of crucial social relations, the effective action of which is ensured by the state. The features of legal norms are considered in two aspects: 1) the features of legal norms that are common to the features of other social norms; 2) specific features of legal norms. The features of the first group include the following: the norms of law are the rules of behavior that regulate social relations and normalize social communication; are socially determined rules of behavior; ensure stability and order in society; are typical models of behavior; have a general character; are created and realized due to human will and mind; supported by remedies of influence (sanctions) in case of violation. The second group is formed by the following features: the norms of law are the primary, elementary components of law; they establish a standard of lawful behavior of a person and determine the consequences of its violation; regulate the special area of social relations, which are most important for the existence, development and functioning of society; have an official state-authoritative character; are binding, supported by the possibility of state coercion; have specific sources of expression. It is also emphasized that the norms of law are fixed in official sources not directly, but through a special form of its external expression – normative-law prescriptions, with which they relate as content and form. On this basis, a normative-law prescription is defined as a written, logically complete legal provision formulated by an authorized subject, which establishes a rule of behavior in a specific source of law and is a technical and legal remedy of formal expression of a legal norm.

Pietryčių Lietuvos regiono vyrų (35–45 m.) socialinės ir fizinės aplinkos įtaka alkoholio vartojimui

Author(s): Almanė Pakrijauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2021

Male mortality due to alcohol related causes in Lithuania is still one of the highest among European Union countries. This article discusses the impact of socio-environmental context on alcohol consumption by analysing 29 semi-structured interviews with 35-45 year old men living in the Southeast region of Lithuania. The aim of this article is to reveal the formation of injunctive alcohol consumption norms for men in relation to their socio-environmental context. The study revealed that the role of social norms (injunctive and descriptive) strongly determines the formation of alcohol consumption habits during youth and adolescence and continues in later life. There are two types of male alcohol consumption: the “Susceptible to the Influence of the Social Context” type, where the injunctive alcohol consumption norm is maintained for the rest of the individual’s life, and the “Resisting the Influence of the Social Context” type, where the injunctive norm decreases or is abandoned.

DIALECTIQUE DE LA PEUR ET DISCOURS DE COHESION FACE À LA MENACE

Author(s): Andreea Pop / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

Late February: the world was facing new ‘global challenges’ as the new Covid-19 threat was calling for new cooperation strategies. Meant as a sort of an early Covid-19 record of objective facts interpreted subjectively, this paper aims at analyzing the concept of fear related to health, political and economic stability and overall feeling of security as they reshaped the world with the coronavirus outbreak.

ETHICALLY RELEVANT VALUES AND BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES IN SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19

Author(s): Aida Hanić,Azra Sućeska,Snežana Videnović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The subject of research in this paper is the analysis of ethically relevant values and behavior in Serbia after the end of the state of emergency in March 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is aimed at examining the attitudes of employees in Serbia to determine whether the attitudes of respondents can be grouped into three mutually independent ethical dimensions: a) attitude towards themselves and others, b) economy and existence and c) science and knowledge. We were also interested in whether these ethical values were perceived differently by male and female respodents. These three elements were analyzed since Serbia is a country that has gone, and to some extent is still going, through socio-economic changes, which are especially reflected in non-standard social circumstances when ethical values, principles and beliefs are expressed. In a sample of 640 respondents, surveyed via social networks, the results show that the pronounced correlation groups the attitudes of employees into three mutually independent ethical dimensions, and that gender does not affect ethically relevant values and behaviors in the domain of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Swojscy obcy

Author(s): Tomasz Kalniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

Paradigm of subordinate work versus remote work

Author(s): Tomasz Duraj / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The paradigm of subordinate work already emerged in the early stages of the development of labour law and is still functioning to this day, which is widely accepted both in labour law doctrine and in judicial practice. The author assesses the timeliness of the traditional paradigm of subordinate work in conditions of development of new technologies and the spread of modern forms of work provision, doing so on the example of remote work. According to the author, despite working outside the workplace, while retaining much greater autonomy, in addition to the constant supervision of the employer, the remote worker is still subject to a multifaceted dependence on the employer. This means that the paradigm of subordinate work continues to apply and is strongly present also in atypical forms of work.

Some remarks to the legal status of platform workers in the light of the latest European jurisprudence

Author(s): Kamila Naumowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the working conditions of so-called platform workers that have faced the lack of labour and social protection deriving from their formal status of independent contractors. Seeking for protection, numerous claims have been filed by the riders and drivers of digital platforms that were asking for a recognition of the subordinate work. The aim of the present article is to give a critical and brief overview of the latest European jurisprudence regarding the legal status of platform workers. The article focuses on the methodology and criteria applied by the judges in order to examine the particularities of the new forms of work and new forms of surveillance as well. Special attention is paid to on-location work performance by low-skilled individuals conducting services for the digital platforms operating in food delivery and transportation sectors.

A Century-Old Yet Topical Controversy - Euthanasia

Author(s): Angela VLAD (CHIRVĂSUȚĂ) / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper focuses on the main ideas conveyed in articles and specialized theses on euthanasia, the principles that either support or combat it, the morality of the new permissive legislation in the field and the reasons why certain behaviors related to the end-of-life option are vehemently criticized today and cataloged as deviants in some countries. The debate on euthanasia has been of increasing interest lately, especially as medical technological advances have led to notable changes in the age structure of populations. More and more people with debilitating conditions have vital functions maintained artificially or they are resuscitated, even when they do not appreciate the quality of their own life. By the end of the twentieth century, all these aspects came to the attention of sociologists, who began to analyze the implications of technological and normative changes in the evolution of social relations. Some people consider there is a right for everyone to decide how they depart from this world, and according to others, claiming this right is a fundamental sin over the divine gift, life.

Shaping Pluralistic Cohesive Societies

Author(s): Mike Mohamed Ghouse / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2022

This paper aims to prepare an individual to function effectively in a constantly changing multi-faith, multi-cultural, multi-racial, multi-ethnic, and multi-everything society with minimum conflicts. Pluralism is a new subject with a focus on its effect on different aspects of life in building cohesive societies where no one has to live in apprehension or fear of the other. Pluralism means respecting the otherness of others in religion, culture, politics, and the workplace. You may see people of different faiths, races, cultures, and ethnicities interacting, working, studying, intermingling, playing, and marrying each other. A decade from now, you may not see the monopoly of a race or cultural groups in the workplace, place of worship, school, bus, train, theater, library, or other public gatherings.These interactions between people not familiar with each other’s culture lend themselves to misunderstandings and are bound to create conflicts. As responsible members of society, we must prepare ourselves to prevent possible challenges and lay a foundation for the effective functioning of institutions where every human feels secure about his faith, race, ethnicity, culture, language, political or sexual orientation, or any other uniqueness. Exclusive communities will become a thing of the past. If you live amidst others, you should also respect the otherness of others, as you expect them to do the same for you.

THE BIRTH OF PRISONS – EVOLUTION OF AN IDEA

Author(s): Nikola Lakobrija / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2021

A society without norms does not exist, just as norms that are not violated do not exist. The reaction of society to violation of basic norms on which it itself is based largely depends on the epoch, that is, on the value core on which the society itself is based. Imprisonment has always existed, but it has changed drastically throughout history— from imprisonment without purpose and meaning, alongside torment and suffering, to modern forms of deprivation of liberty and modern prisons. The ideological revolution has changed the value basis of society, thus changing all the norms that had arisen from such values. The perception and expectations of punishment have changed and, from the 18th and 19th centuries onwards, a new concept of prison as an institution of control, correction, i.e. re- socialization has been developing. Prison has ceased to be seen as hell on earth and became an instrument of society’s influence on those who dare to violate social norms. This paper follows this evolution, that is, the development of prisons and the idea of imprisonment from holes and lagoons to modern penitentiaries.

Megközelítések az informalitás vizsgálatához

Author(s): Eszter Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2022

This study discusses the theoretical aspects of informality and the frameworks examined by different scientific fields, and the place of the most important eras and trends of the phenomenon in the social sciences (economic sociology, economic anthropology, informal economy studies, communist studies, post-communist studies, urban studies, etc.), in addition to the results of the Hungarian literature and related research in Szeklerland. On the one hand, it makes an attempt to systematise the already existing knowledge of informality, and on the other hand, it deals with the theoretical questions of the phenomenon itself, particularly related to the findings related to the social and sociocultural factors of informality. The purpose of this is to replace the informal economy, which occupies a dominant place in the literature, with cultural life, the social sphere, education, everyday human relations, and information acquisition, etc., which is intensively present in the area of informality. In summary, this work wishes to summarise the already formulated characteristics of the phenomenon of informality and the combination of these characteristics. It offers a range of approaches and analysis options for those who want to investigate the phenomenon.