Шта је данaшња наратологија?

Author(s): Dunja S. Dušanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 173/2021

This paper sought to challenge the triumphalist claim, advanced by David Herman and subsequently widely adopted as the canonical version of narratology’s history, that towards the end of the 20th century narratology experienced a renaissance, as the so-called ‘classical’ method of narrative analysis was replaced by a variety of ‘postclassical’ approaches. By examining some of the more recent changes in narratology’s object, methods and aims of inquiry, and by focusing in particular on the fate of the notion of narrative, it offered a reassessment of the current state of the discipline.

Hova rohan az oázis és miért?

Author(s): Sándor András / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2021

This essay about a poem and its metaphoric title is written by its author as a belated reader. The title is considered both in its direct (geographic-scientific and pragmatic) and its metaphoric sense. Oases don’t produce metaphors, humans do, thanks to their individuality, an inseparable complex of their inner and outer life which ultimately depends on their being alive, as it does for any oasis before it dries out. Oasis on the Run is the title of a poem published in a book in 1970. It is a montage of sixty six Roman numbered parts without titles. The root metaphor is placed in the essay in the context of Nietzsche’s phrase “the desert is growing, woe to him who is hiding deserts”, as referred to by Heidegger in 1950/51 and implied by Beckett’s Endgame, interpreted as a gloomier version of his Waiting for Godot, eternal return of the same absurd. The poem, however, is about the survival of the oasis, fully aware that an oasis only exits in a desert. Theories are expected to be coherent, poems by contrast to be cohesive, as are metaphors. The contention proposed in the essay turns on the difference in theories and in poems between absolute metaphors, metaphors not allowing any conceptual resolution. Oasis on the Run is a play unto itself, an absolute metaphor that does not allow a key to the code other than the entire poem, the closed system of a poetic text “coming to life” as an open system in the environment of a living human being, always an individual, how many of them may there be of them anywhere and at any time.

A parancs poétikáján túl

Author(s): Zalán Serestély / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2021

Nem-jelenvalólét. Egy költő filozófiai alapvetése az Énről

Author(s): Gerda Széplaky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2021

Two years after Dezsõ Tandori’s death in 2019, his poem titled tandori light turned up, in which he wrote in advance what it will mean to not exist anymore. The poem presents the necessary occurrence of his own death as the fulfilment of the non-existence of the Self. However, even in his first volume, this non-existence was not assumed by the poet as something that would come with death, on the contrary, it appeared from the beginning as an inherent abyss of the Self, and presence as a mere “trace element”. In his late poem, Tandori himself refers to his very first volume, titled Töredék Hamletnek, in which he illustrated in a particularly concentrated way what it means to be non-present, as opposed to the well-known Heideggerian definition. In my essay, I analyse the poems of the first volume, along which I examine the questions of the living present, disappearance, leaving a trace, and remembrance. It is in the light of these that I arrive at the assertion of the Self, constantly forgetting about itself, which can be equalled with absence. Absence for Tandori is not nothing, but an expression of God’s absence within us. For man, his own existence is formulated above all as separation from God, as an irrevocable knowledge of God’s absence.

Platón esete a magyar költőkkel. Morzsák egy olvasónaplóból

Author(s): Zoltán Csehy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2021

The article deals with the image of Plato emerging from Hungarian poetry. The author presents several poetic interpretations of Plato, from Janus Pannonius to András Ferenc Kovács. The poet Plato, and Plato, who wanted to banish the poets from his Republic, appear in the analyzed verses as well as some key concepts or basic motifs of Plato’s philosophy. The so-called cave analogy or the myth of Atlantis is a particularly impressive poetic terrain. Plato is more than once quoted by poets in a satirical-ironic tone, but there are also examples of them arguing with Derrida’s reading of Plato.

A költészet adománya. Jacques Derrida: Che cos’è la poesia?

Author(s): Jolán Orbán / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2021

Jacques Derrida’s text Che cos’è la poesia? appeared for the first time in the journal Poesia (1. Nr. 11) in Milano, in 1988. One year later, the text was published in the French journal Poésie (Nr. 50, 1989) in Paris. In 1990, the Italian, French, English, German version came out in Berlin, translated by such prominent Derridean readers and writers as Maurizio Ferraris, Peggy Kamuf and Alexander García Düttman. Derrida, known for his resistance to such philosophical questions as „‘What is ...?’ (ti estí, was ist... istoria, episteme, philosophia)” and prized for the literary strength of his writings gives a sophisticated and poematic answer to this question. In my paper, I would like to argue that Derrida’s text is a prose poem or a critical poem evoking such figures as Socrates, Benjamin, Joyce, Mallarmé, Ponge, Celan, such genres as philosophical dialogue and a prose poem, inventing such figures as herrison, istrice, Igel, hedgehog, using such idioms as “apprendre par coeur”, “Auswendig”, “hafiza a’n zahri kalb”, “to learn by heart”. I would also like to involve in my paper the Derrida-game we played with my students, their transcriptions of Derrida’s text in different genres: poem, dialogue, and visual poem.

ЕКОЛОШКОТО ВОЗВИШЕНО

Author(s): Afrim Rexhepi / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 77/2021

Heath, duringhis second phase, set the reference procedures for the environmentally beneficial model of the sublime. It concerns the external object such as nature, which Kant, in his analysis of the sublime, excludes, defines as unnecessary and uncharacteristic of human reason, allowingonly those objects that function as stimuli to the human imagination or fantasy. Heath desires the meeting between the inner and the outer, to project the model of the ecological sublime, which in turn is set through the harmonious contact of reason and nature. The only thing Heath wants from Kant’s model is to preserve the category of transcendentalism, that is, to set up some kind of transcendence that would reconfigure the version of the sublime: the contact between subject and object / nature, where nature is transcendence itself and the highest force and place of the nominus. So, in support of Heath’s model of ecological aesthetics, the following formula is valid: nature, not the subject, has transcendental power. In order to prove his own model of ecological sublimity in a more convincing and clear fashion, Heath will turn to the American transcendentalists who were familiar with Kant’s theoretical assumptions: Emerson and Thoreau.

Szövegszervező szórácsok

Author(s): Huba Mózes / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2021

The author discusses a special form of intertextuality in the works of poets like Ottó Orbán and Attila Nyilas. Textual grids offer spaces for poets to be filled in with new types of content, and in the discussed examples are used either as exercises of tautology or palimpsests of well-known texts.

KNJIŽEVNA INTERPRETACIJA: RASPRAVA IZMEĐU INTENCIONALIZMA I ANTI-INTENCIONALIZMA

Author(s): Aleksander Bjelčevič / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3-4/2020

The paper presents a controversy between three Anglo-American theories about the role of the author’s intentions in literary interpretation and about the goal of literary interpretations. Moderate anti-intentionalism (Beardsley) maintains that the meaning of the text is determined by the linguistic conventions, therefore the aim of interpretation is to reveal its meaning and not the author’s intentions. Hirsch’s intentionalism claims that the meaning of the text is determined by the author’s intentions and linguistic conventions, so the aim of the interpretation is to discover the author’s meaning. Hypothetical intentionalism (Carroll, Levinson) argues that the meaning of the text is determined by the best hypotheses of ideal readers about the author’s meaning. In the fifth heading, the paper rejects two arguments of anti-intentionalism that a literary work is autonomous and that the aim of literary interpretation should be interpretation of the text. The paper rejects the aesthetic argument by stating that the sole purpose of interpretation is not to show the aesthetic qualities of the work and that there may be other legitimate aims of interpretation. It further rejects the communicative argument that literary works, because of their fictional nature, merely imitate illocutionary speech acts, by offering the opposite argument that not all literature is fiction. Finally, it is argued that the fundamental error of some theoretical discussions is generalization and that intentionalism is acceptable. In conclusion, the acceptability and unacceptability of (anti) intentionalism is decided by the age and type of the text, figures of speech and interests of certain interpretive paradigms.

TAKING OVER SOME ELEMENTS OF RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE INTO THE LAIC DISCOURSE

Author(s): Ana-Maria Tereche-Bărbuleanu / Language(s): English Issue: XIII/2012

This article intends to highlight the semantic evolution of some words that initially expressed only religious notions or that had meanings which were specific to the religious language. A series of such words can be found in the contemporary laic language, most of the times having deprecating significations. The influence of the (orthodox) religious language on the today’s Romanian language has manifested, especially, through the spreading and the semantic degradation of some terms that used to express and still express specific religious activities. Some of the religious terms can be found today in the current language, having figurative meanings or being incorporated into collocations. Besides these, there are present, in the contemporary laic language, numerous expressions specific to the Holy Bible and to the prayers, such as: a se spăla pe mâini (to wash away), a fi ţapul ispăşitor (to be the scapegoat), a merge/ a trimite (pe cineva) de la Ana la Caiafa (to drive someone from post to pillar) etc. There can also be found certain anthroponims (which have suffered a semantic degradation, according to the manner a series of biblical characters were presented) as well as quotations, of biblical origin, used as aphorisms. Most of the religious terms still keep, as their fundamental meaning, their religious significance, thus, a determinologization being produced at the level of their figurative use (familiar, ironical popular).

Success and Challenges in MOOCs: A Literature Systematic Review Technique

Author(s): Wirapong Chansanam,Kornwipa Poonpon,Theeradej Manakul,Umawadee Detthamrong / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The rapid evolution of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has attracted widespread media coverage to the propensity of conventional education methods to disrupt readily available and free or cheap content delivery. MOOCs enable the possibility to offer students, even throughout the leastserved parts of the globe, access to high-quality learning. MOOCs are progressively seen as a possibility for millions worldwide who want free or low-cost educational opportunities. The students just required a well-established internet connection to register for MOOCs. However, at the same time, Where MOOCs have such options of openness and flexibility, there are some challenges to MOOCs that are present as well. In this article, we have tried to examine all possible factors contributing to MOOCs and learners as a success, along with the challenges faced by MOOCs.

МАГИЧЕН РЕАЛИЗАМ – БАЛКАНСКА ПРИКАЗНА

Author(s): Marijana Janceska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 23/2021

From the attached analysis of the novel-trilogy The miracles of awfulness, we can see that the main features of magical realism have been successfully applied in works of Macedonian literary production. Janevski managed to make an impressive fusion of the basic postulates of magical realism with a regionally acceptable theme and values and thus invaluably enriched the Macedonian literature. In order to prove the applicative power of the most important theoretical wasps of magical realism, we also took a literary text from the Balkan literary production, i.e. the novel Dictionary of the Khazars by Serbian author Milorad Pavic. Magical realism, although existing in literary circles, for a century as a built theory, is still in a growing position and is far from reaching its culmination. The Khazar issue is a palimpsest. The object of focalization does not exist, i.e. its past existence has been interpreted by three different parties, which from the beginning gives us more equally accurate answers to one question. Kukulino is palimpsest. Grafts it’s tomorrow over yesterday. Magical realism is palimpsest. It grafts magic onto reality. The result: an improved reality.

Естетиката и политиката

Author(s): Afrim Redžepi / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 62/2013

The essence of the artistic world is relational, a unique system of differential positions. Because it is relational, the concept closeness of the artistic practice is not acceptable. Based on the pragmatics of Duchene paintings are created by those who look at them, Goddard talking about the film fable, considers that for the picture you need two. The one that intrigues is the Godardôs statement, that the dialogue is a source process for creating the images, always having in mind the Other. The theoreticians of art and experimental aesthetics, consider that even undisputed individual and group (ethnic, cultural, social, political and etc.) differences, in aesthetic perception they are consistent, converge towards different preferences ( harmonic projections, beautiful form , the golden interception and etc). Having in mind paradigmatic aesthetic theories: The discovery of "real Homer", by Vico, the Kant`s genius who is not conscientious of the laws which are created, Schiller`s aesthetic location, construction of reasonable activity and hearing passivity, Schelling`s definition of art as a construction between the conscientious and unconscious and etc, is confirmed the statement that we must democratize the aesthetic regime: openness and liability towards the Other and towards heterogenic power of the senses.

Као да плешем уместо да ходам

Author(s): Biljana Dojčinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2021

Interview with Sibelan Forrester, conducted by Biljana Dojčinović.

MARGINALIA TO THE READING OF LITERARY TEXTS

Author(s): Daiana Felecan / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2018

This paper explores the issue of reading literature in the present-day academic milieu, in particular, and in the deeply computerised contemporary public space, in general. After pointing out some of the key aspects that teachers and professors need to observe in order to help students develop their reading skills, the study highlights the specificity that narratives, poems and plays display in relation to the parameter investigated and the functions of language. While explaining the relationship of coordination between literature and linguistics, the paper defends the authenticity of the act of reading, which has suffered serious mutations since the advent of the Internet.2

Mintea umană radiografiată prin lectură

Author(s): Gabriela Tucan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 59/2021

Since the 1990s, with the rise of cognitive sciences, there has been a theoretical turn in humanities, with radical consequences for literary studies. They are regarded as vehicles for our everyday conceptual capacities and as products of the human mind, grounded in general cognitive abilities and firmly anchored in the minute architecture of bodies and brains. This major claim changed the nature of how literature is understood, while literary critics have developed new tools to understand the complexities of literary language and cognition. This paper will focus on the newly emergent study of literature with a cognitive lens. More specifically, with the tools and advances of cognitive poetics and narratology to literary reading, it seeks to explain the cognitive mechanisms that become evident in readings. This type of research shows how reading literature offers benefits back to cognitive science and promises to reveal much about how our brain functions.

Studiile literare și poetica cognitivă

Author(s): Dumitru Tucan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 59/2021

The present study is a general description of the theoretical project of cognitive poetics and its implications for the study of literature. The main hypothesis is that cognitive poetics is the contemporary continuation of the analytical project of Poetics, with its rich tradition stretching from Aristotle to French Structuralism. As cognitive poetics is principally concerned with the relationship between texts and reading experience, it has contributed significantly to the evolution of literary studies. In this light, the paper identifies the following analytical and theoretical innovations of cognitive poetics: 1) restoring the connection between literary and "natural" languages; 2) removing the politicized dimension of literary studies, influenced by post-structuralism and critical theory (while maintaining, in an exploratory and explanatory sense, a critical perspective on language and literature); 3) elevating the reading experience and the potential variations of "meaning"; 4) establishing connections between the humanist "universalism" of the traditional perspective on literature and modern and postmodern relativism, by assuming a cognitive and cultural explanation of literature; 5) exploring the context and the historical and cultural determinations of literature; 6) innovating upon notional language, necessary for text analysis.

ЧИТАТЕЛОТ ВО ПОТРАГА ПО СВОЈОТ ТЕКСТ

Author(s): Marija Gjorgjieva Dimova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 61/2013

Literary hermeneutics, in its disciplinary duality of theory and interpretive practice goes through several paradigmatic displacements: from the interest in authorial intentions, through the interest in the text, all the way to the current interests in the role of the reader in the interpretive process. In this sense, the paper is to focus on Stanley Fish` category of interpretive communities, which are to be elaborated on two levels: Firstly, these communities are to be theoretically expounded in order to establish their hermeneutic implications, particularly in relation to the interpretive practice. Secondly, they are to be interpretively contextualised through the interpretation of several novels that are to demonstrate structurally the operation of the interpretive communities as a possible interpretive frame.

ДЕКОНСТРУКЦИЈА НА СЛИКАТА (хаику-поезијата и протонистичката теорија)

Author(s): Afrim Redžepi / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 60/2012

That thing which eternally intrigues scientific logical pragmatism - the defense of the aesthetic mind, so as enforcement of the aesthetic criticism through distinction: Theory of literature and Aesthetics, is the taste - perception and knowledge which come out from the aesthetic object. Nowadays the pragmatics is defined, that taste belongs to the aesthetics - aesthesis, but the truth is a observing object of Theory. More concisely, taste belongs to the beauty , theory of truth even today Theory and Aesthetics are complemented within each other, but not identical. Art is a composition of the chaos - chaosmos. The sunflowers by Van Gogh or The looking flower by Redon are objects which peep. We are talking about the visions inside the objects which through expression of eternity, give life to life. The issue which intrigues distinction, is the distinctive analysis between Haiku poem and syllogism, two different epistemological processes, two different perceptions (West / East) which in a essence differ through different perception of reality. The haiku logic does not define , but is a moment of perceptive eternity, unless syllogism defines reality. Haiku is not the analysis of reality, but perception realized in the timeframe of natural cycle / of seasons, percept which is shows up quickly and disappears quickly and through juxtaposition of experience / discovers new and strange one, a momentary process in movement. The painting and the meaning are being as one in expression / the appearance of that which exists, a strange moment, an opening, a crack of eternity. Haiku is a strong resonance of the soul of contemporary time. The essence of today`s world, is defined through aesthetic experience of ordinary life.

ПОСТМОДЕРНИЗМОТ КАКО ХЕРМЕНЕВТИЧКА АЛАТКА ВО КУЛТУРНАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА ИДЕНТИТЕТОТ – УЛОГАТА НА АВТОРОТ ВО ОБЛИКУВАЊЕ НА ИДЕНТИТЕТИТЕ НА ЛИКОВИТЕ ВО НАРАТИВНИТЕ ТЕКСТОВИ

Author(s): Natasha Rakidziev / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 59/2012

The purpose of this text is, through interpretation of novels, to provide interpretation of identities that arise from unsteady subjectivities, using post-modernism as hermeneutic tool in the identity cultural policy. Creation of new subjectivities that will differ from stereotypes through realization of cultural democracy and through the use of literature, art and history and participation in the struggle against sexist and racist cultural traditions. Furthermore, an attempt is made to discover the links between postmodernism and modernism as two chains of a cultural paradigm covered by the term "hyper". Stereotype destruction, the struggle for political freedom, pursuit for own identity, cultural and historic revival is an objective to perceive the positive aspects of prosaic self-awareness, thus introducing identity and validity within a culture.