Globalizacja, amerykanizacja i procesy (glo)kalizacji. Konteksty i kontrowersje

Author(s): Zbyszko Melosik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2018

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article is aimed at synthetic presenting the problems and issues connected with mutual relations between processes of globalization, americanization and (glo) calization THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem can be formulated in the following way: what kind of dynamics we can find regarding to relationship to the processes of globalization, americanization and (glo)calization in contemporary multicultural world? In this context one can take into account more detailed problems: what kind of instruments of monocultural imposition of Western or American values on the world we can find today?; in which way local cultures reconstruct Western cultural practices to adopt them to their own traditions and habits? To answer these questions the representative literature of the research filed has been analyzed, especially in English language. The qualitative methods have been used. They are a part of constructivist approach. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The process of argumentation consists of several phases: introduction, rekonstruction of selected contexts of dynamics of relationships between globalization, americanization and (glo)calization (ilustrated by adequate examples); summary and conclusions. Inhis narrative and ways of argumentation the author avoids universal or values oriented statements; the articles is definitely diagnostic in its essence. RESEARCH RESULTS: Despite of many predictions processes of globalization do not lead to westernization or americanization of the world. They are saturated by ambivalence and inner contradictions. They can bring about both marginalization and emancipation of local cultures. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Processes of globalization, americanization and (glo)calization create great opportunities of analysis and interpretations of cultural tendencies and practices which emerge in contemporary world. Understanding their mechanisms can be treated as a starting point of educational activity aimed at conscious and critical participation of young generation in contemporary culture.

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Bogusława Bednarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

Partnerships

Author(s): Jo Carby-Hall / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

Zachód - pozycja i uwarunkowania globalne

Author(s): Jan Czaja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2007

Pomiędzy ojczyzną a obczyzną. Najnowsza fala emigracji Polaków do Wielkiej Brytanii w perspektywie koncepcji transnacjonalizmu

Author(s): Dominika Blachnicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

Joseph E. Stiglitz, Wizja sprawiedliwej globalizacji. Propozycje usprawnień, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2007, 301 s.

Author(s): Maria Magoska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

Obywatel wobec globalizacji

Author(s): Barbara Krauz-Mozer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

KIlka uwag o aktualności etyki Sokratejskiej w dobie procesów globalizacji

Author(s): Sebastian Śpiewak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2021

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this paper is to consider the topicality of the Socratic ethical project in the context of the current debate on the problems and threats of globalisation processes. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The idea that there is any kind of compatibility between Socrates’ thought and the challenges brought on by globalisation, which seem to go far beyond the scope of his considerations, may be regarded as problematic. To give plausibility to this idea, a comprehensive research method will be used, which will combine the following aspects: a historical and philosophical analysis of accounts of Socrates’ life and teaching; a contextual analysis to reveal the historical and cultural background of Socratic ethics. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: An outline of Socrates’ dialecti cal method in its negative aspect as well as the historical and cultural context of his philosophy are given. The aporetic and elenctic elements of his method can be regarded as offering a third path for an ethics that wants to avoid the two extreme positions present not only in his own epoch but also today: 1) an uncritical trust in tradition, leading to the conviction about the power of one’s own values and the right to impose them on others; and 2) relativism, denying the possibility of any universal approach to morality. RESEARCH RESULTS: The critical project of Socrates philosophy was sup posed to be a remedy to ethical problems regardless of historically changing conditions in which those problems were formulated. However, the negative dimension of the Socratic method is a considerable obstacle if we want to apply this form of philosophical discussion in a world like ours, where fundamental cultural differences play a significant role. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Further research on the applicability of Socratic ethics in the context of globalisation is required. Future considerations should focus on anthropological and, above all, pedagogical dimensions of Socrates’ philosophy.

Globalizační dopady na trh práce

Author(s): Tomáš Volek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2007

Labour market is influenced and formed by globalisation processes having various effects. In the region of South Bohemia, it is above all the effect of the weakening of the ratio of primary sector in the filed of employment and income in comparison with other sectors of the national economy and also the pressure on the increase of labour quality and the improvement of its technological equipment. Another significant effect of the globalisation processes is the increase of labour coming from abroad to the region of South Bohemia.

RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION - APPROACHES, INTERPRETATIONS, PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Gelu Călina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Generally, discussions of globalization are concerned with its political, economic and military dimensions, and little attention to its religious aspect. Although they claim to share a common concern, believers of different religions, through their concern, tend to deepen existing problems rather than offer solutions, given their different responses to which we classify them in different categories from the point of view of ideological, ambivalent, integrative, exclusive or imitative. The term globalization ”refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and a single human consciousness across the time and space of the world.” In theory, it allows people to transcend traditional political, economic and geographical boundaries and at the same time exposes them to a new social order.

Mondialisation et normes de gouvernance

Author(s): Emmanuel Picavet / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2023

The phenomenon of “globalization” calls for approaches that are alternately descriptive and normative, and often both descriptive and normative. It makes it necessary to develop analyses that enable us to understand how the aims or principles of public action (national or international) evolve in response to changes in the modalities of international coordination and cooperation. In particular, we discuss the impact of globalization on the relationship between States and the implementation of principles such as fundamental rights.

Конкурентност знања у контексту Четврте индустријске револуције

Author(s): Filduza Prušević Sadović,Sefedin Šehović,Danimir P. Mandić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Knowledge and ability represent the crucial requirements for an individual nowadays. Knowledgeable people find it easier to solve problems and overcome difficult situations. Knowledge is a valuable commodity in the modern world which, if updated regularly, never goes out of style or significance. The paper explores the concept of competitiveness of knowledge in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and how it impacts an individual’s social and economic standing. As a result of the revolution, which is brought about by the development of digital and nanotechnology as well as artificial intelligence that permeates every aspect of a social being, new roles are imposed on individuals. The knowledge and skills that people should possess in today’s world are discussed, along with how they relate to technology advancements.Learning is the potential energy of a person capable of accepting rational needs as motivations and transforming them into actions through activity. Since everyone has a unique personality and learning is an individual act, everyone acquires knowledge in their own way. Learning occurs continuously throughout life, connects to all human endeavors, validates an individual’s resolve, and enables the selection of a value system and way of life. Throughout history, learning needs have changed, grown, and been greatly impacted by the social environment. The intersection of various learner characteristics with the situations that shape an individual’s life and interests is known as the culture of learning. To address problems with content presentation and learning style, an individual can shift from one form and method of learning to another, as well as from one location to another. We are discussing various learning patterns that point to the most successful, advantageous, and adaptable learning ranges. They represent the state of knowledge in the most significant spheres of life and action at any given time. They line up with societal norms. However, learning varies not only among individuals but also among societies, cultures, and civilizations. Science, education, learning, and knowledge are the most reliable foundations for the future. Changes that are more profound than any other in human history have resulted from the abrupt leap in social development and the evolution of the Third to the Fourth Industrial Revolutions. Thanks to digital media and the Internet, society is becoming a “global village” where information can be accessed in a split second. A person is exposed to a large amount of information every day and their working environment is ever-changing. Man is compelled to adjust to the new environment as modern means assume his roles. Being open to change and improvement throughout one's life is one of the best ways to stay competitive in the labor and knowledge markets, if not the only one. Lifelong learning and being open to change and improvement are two, if not the only, ways that an individual can stay competitive in the labor and knowledge markets. Gone are the days when a person began and ended his career at the same place of employment. The imperatives of the modern era are the knowledge society and the learning society. They include the entire vertical of the educational system, the economy, and all social and economic structures. A society that prioritizes lifelong learning, makes learning content available, provides conditions for learning, and supports the individual to balance work and learning is essential in the modern world.To prepare today’s students for the workforce of the future and the society they will inhabit, it is imperative that the current educational systems be updated. This shift necessitates modifying the learning content to include the human and technical skills required to create inclusive, growing economies. To enable the creation of a comprehensive education system, significant changes can only take place if there is collaboration among education ministries, educators, and the private sector.

Plurilingualism, Multilingualism, and Lingua Franca English in Today’s Globalised World

Author(s): Barbara Cappuzzo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

We live in a multilingual world where English serves as the language of international communication. It permeates every sphere of life, from education to trade, from employment to scientific literature. However, parallel to English as the lingua franca of worldwide exchange, several other languages co-exist and overlap in our multilingual and multicultural society. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the central role of plurilingualism as a way to support multilingualism and linguistic diversity but also as a very important means to enhance cognitive abilities, including metalinguistic awareness. It also considers the prominent role of English as the shared language of worldwide interaction. The ultimate aim of this study is to encourage reflection on a new vision of language teaching, which fosters knowledge of languages as a primary source of social and individual benefits, and, at the same time, focuses on lingua franca English for effective communication in the global society.

MILITARY POLICE IN MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Author(s): Gabriel-Tiberiu Buceac,Dragos-Cosmin Buceac / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The security environment is characterised by latent tensions and unpredictable developments requiring new responses and solutions. They determine the need to adapt to the revolution in military affairs new requirements and to globalisation. The implementation of certain techniques, tactics and procedures to ensure maximum flexibility at conceptual, structural and actional levels is a pre-condition for achieving success in a multinational operation. The development and modernisation of military police forces and their consistent participation in operations abroad stress the importance of these structures in the context of modern operations. Designated to perform complex and high risk missions, the military police units demonstrate their utility in both peacetime missions and multinational operations.

DEFENCE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – (I)

Author(s): Mihail Orzeaţă / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

The continuous struggle for a better life has become a normal way of living for every human being, especially for those of us who want to be performers. As a consequence, if we make a wrong choice – between performers and survivors – then everyone will suffer because of the unseen connections that exist among all the inhabitants of the “global village”. Humans have always been the most important resource we have for defending our country, which is why we need to be aware of the evolution of the national human potential in the coming years. It is very important to know the current situation of the human resource for defence, but it is also equally important to take the appropriate measures for protecting and developing it. The focus should be on humans because they are the military body’s brain and hands as they are the ones who create strategies and act for implementing them.

Pojęcie transkulturowości w węgierskojęzycznej refleksji literaturoznawczej

Author(s): Magdalena Roguska-Németh / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2024

The paper analyses how the concept of transculturalism is understood in Hungarian- language literary discourse. Indeed, Hungarian research is one of those areas in which transcultural studies are developing particularly rapidly, as dictated by the specific nature of Hungarian literature, which has been polycentric for more than a century. The study lists the most important Hungarian-language scholarly works that directly refer to transculturalism, or that draw on transcultural methodological thought, analysing them in terms of how their authors define the concept of transculturalism. The con- clusions that emerge from the analysis reveal that the majority of Hungarian literary scholars use the concept of transculturalism interchangeably with the similar but not fully synonymous term of transnationalism. This, in turn, shows that transculturalism remains a new and not well-defined concept in Hungary, which must be redefined each time for use in individual papers and articles.

THE KEY TO THE SUCCESSFUL TRANSFORMATION OF THE MILITARY BODY IS THE INDIVIDUAL

Author(s): Mihail Orzeaţă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

People can make the transformation process more dynamic or they can hinder it, unless they are well-informed and prepared, or if they are sceptical or against its objectives. The “recipe for success” is relatively easy to express but difficult to put in practice by the people who are not enough motivated to participate without reservation in the accomplishment of established objectives and are not strong enough to overcome their weaknesses. People are our most precious asset and that is why, within the transformation process, we must attach proper importance to them in order to educate, train and motivate them with a view to reaching performance goals. Since the transformation process is continuous, the processes that are subsumed under it must also take place on a permanent basis.

Economic Globalisation and Public Debt: What Implications does an Integrated South African Economy Hold for Fiscal Policymakers?

Author(s): Jacques De Jongh,MOITSHEPI MOENG / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Globalisation is a deep-rooted phenomenon that has signifi-cantly shaped developed and developing economies alike. Characterised by its controversial past, South Africa provides a unique case when considering how global integration has af-fected the country’s economy. Among the more intriguing rela-tionships has been the interlinkage between the country’s public debt levels and the manner in which it has globalised. On one hand, advocates suggest that economic integration has enabled the government to provide greater social assistance in the hope of rectifying its controversial past. On the other hand, however, globalisation is believed to increase pressure on the fiscal budget with increased levels of debt needed to mitigate the pressure of external shocks. The primary objective of this study was to anal-yse the relationship between public debt and economic globalisa-tion in South Africa. It followed a quantitative research approach using secondary time-series data from 1980 to 2020. Long-run relationships were evaluated through the use of a Bayer–Hanck combined cointegration test, while FMOLS, DOLS and CCR estimation techniques were employed to estimate elasticity re-lationships. The results corroborate the existence of a positive relationship between higher levels of economic globalisation and public debt. Moreover, the causality results revealed a uni-directional causal link between these variables emanating from the economic integration of the country. This implies significant consequences for fiscal policymakers towards balancing its role as a crucial macroeconomic role player. The findings in fact point to noteworthy implications surrounding the restricting effects of the integration process, pertaining to higher borrowing costs, in-creased external vulnerability and limited fiscal capability in the context of improving the country’s social environment

Cosmopolitanism: Crossing Borders of The Home

Author(s): Serhat Toker / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2023

This contribution engages with the idea of cosmopolitanism critically and tries to present cosmopolitanism as a process that designates the inner dimension of globalization in the name of cosmopolitanization. The first step in this treatment is to examine the relationship between globalization and cosmopolitanism. Then the second step is to define a new cosmopolitanism, "cosmopolitanism at home." This paper aims to develop a proper conception of cosmopolitanism with its relation to borders – crossing borders – and home. I argue that if cosmopolitanism exists, there should be a home as a form of unity with its idealized borders.

O patriotyzmie w dialogu z Tischnerem

Author(s): Aleksander Bobko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2023

In the European tradition, patriotism was associated with something positive. In modern times, this situation has changed significantly – the value of patriotism is increasingly questioned and even denied. The aim of the article is to seek an answer to the question whether in today’s reality – increasingly globalized and dominated by Internet culture – there is still space for some sensible form of patriotism? First, it will be shown how the understanding of patriotism changes in various contexts of contemporary culture, and then reference points for the understanding of Polish patriotism will be outlined. As an example of an interesting vision of patriotism, which can be an important voice nowadays, we will mention the concept of Józef Tischner, who was strongly inspired by Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s thought in these matters.