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Benefits of the Economic and Academic Union of the Balkan Countries

Author(s): Aleksandra Kureš / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this article, we will look at a possible economic and academic union between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. The Balkans are made of fertile lands, clean waters, and many other significant resources. Bosnia and Herzegovina is rich in iron, bauxite, lignite and bituminous coal. There is also some zinc, mercury, and manganese. It has pine and oak forests and pastures, as well as many rivers and lakes that are significant for hydroelectric potential.

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QUALITY OF LIFE EVALUATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY WITH A GREAT EMPLOYER: CASE STUDY OF THE MÍROV MUNICIPALITY

Author(s): Zdeněk Šilhan,Hana Svobodová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The municipality of Mírov has 385 inhabitants, it is a small number in conditions of the Czech Republic. There is a high security prison with nationwide significance which employs more than 200 employees. The presence of such a large employer brings to the municipality and its inhabitants a number of advantages but also disadvantages. The goal of the paper is to discuss the influence of the large employer to the municipality and the conditions for life. A questionnaire survey among inhabitants, discuss meeting with the inhabitants using participatory methods of working with the public and a semi-structured interview with the mayor and municipal representative were conducted. The paper contains a summary of the main factors that are related to the presence of the large employer and affect the municipality and its inhabitants. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to achieve the goal.

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Ako je komu „sveta žiť“: poznámky k psychológii chudoby

Author(s): Jozef Výrost / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Actual analyses of development of poverty in the world (e.g. N ASA, O ECD, O FFAM, Red Cross) show, that in consequence of oversized exploit of sources and their disproportioned distribution the scissors are more and more opened between richer and poorer parts of population. Representation of middle class, from the period of industrial revolution the basic pillar of society, significantly weakened. The profile of poverty is influenced by several factors, in most developed countries mainly by economic activity, structure and size of households, age, and regional disparities. Social psychology can enrich the complex view on this phenomenon also by study of development of attitudes to poverty in different countries: as illustration the data of Special Eurobarometer No. 321 (2009). Or also by analysis of poorer part of society perceptions of themselves, their life situation and environment/society: as illustration the data of the European Social Survey Round 1.-6. (291 686 respondents) are used. As conclusion the reflections about possibilities of fulfillment of humanistic mission of psychology in practical access to the problem of poverty are discussed.

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Globálne súvislosti dôvery a príjmovej nerovnosti

Author(s): Martin Kráľ / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Contribution analyses connections between trust to selected societal institutions and income inequality. The aim is to delimit factors conditioning trust on international level, while part of the research explore impact of inequality in the context of Slovak sample. Trust is ascertained by standardized aggregate of questions of the sixth round of European Social Survey (ESS, 2012). Inequality is represented by mean of Gini coefficient, originating from several reliable sources: World Bank (2015), OECD (2014) and Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS, 2015). Stated examinations will also take into consideration social class and political affiliation of respondents.

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Smysluplnost práce, životní spokojenost a osobnost

Author(s): Karel Paulík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This study deals with the relationship between the meaningfulness of work, and personality traits in the concept of the five-factor model. It will take into account the effect perceived workload and job satisfaction. The research was carried out with 140 employees working in blue-collar jobs. The results indicate the likelihood of context personality traits, evaluation meaningfulness of their work and the satisfaction with life in general and job satisfaction. It seems likely also some relationships perceived workload and job satisfaction.

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Selected aspects of financial literacy of seniors in Slovakia

Author(s): Jaroslav Korečko,Ján Vravec / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article analyses selected aspects of financial literacy of seniors in Slovakia. Financial literacy is a system of knowledge, skills and experience for effective management of personal financial resources and assets. The nature of financial literacy is to efficiently ensure adequate financial resources and effective asset management. Financial literacy is not a definitive state, but it must evolve and improve over time, and it also applies to a higher age. Knowledge, skills and experience are often conditioned by variable aspects such as age, education, personality, general outlook, culture or intuition. Pensioners with a low level of financial literacy, without basic financial knowledge and skills, cannot make good financial decisions and manage crisis financial situations. As a result of the low level of financial literacy are serious financial and property problems of many senior citizens, which are causing serious problems and crisis phenomena in the economy and across society.

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Determinants for the development of supplementary pension schemes

Author(s): Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska,Tomasz Rólczyński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The accumulation of voluntary pension savings by households is a vital element of not only the household’s finances, but also of the social security system. Being informed of the factors which are conducive to the accumulation of capital for oldage security is not only crucial for entities offering various pension insurance contracts, but also for the state, which often supports the development of these contracts. The aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the impact of the factors determining the development of the additional forms of pension provision. In the study, correlation analysis and factor analysis were employed to assess the influence of the selected factors (economic and demographic) on the development of some of the pension insurance contracts. The study’s findings show clearly that the increasing life expectancy and the level of the household’s income are important determinants in terms of the development of voluntary pension insurance contracts.

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Financial Literacy: Study of the Financial Literacy Level

Author(s): Josef Nešleha / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Financial literacy is usually interpreted as a set of knowledge which is necessary to have for being able to make proper and correct decisions concerning personal investments, debts and other ones related to personal finance. Such type of education has become an important part of every educational system, since its importance has increased within previous years. As a consequence of this, financial literacy needs to be measured and regularly tested. The goal of the study is to measure if there is a difference between objective level of financial literacy and between subjective self-assessment. The study focuses on differences among various age groups. The results of the study help to target further proposal for formal and informal education system amendments. The study is based on data collected through an electronic questionnaire. As for methods, the study is based on comparison of average values across various groups of respondents, therefore, t-test is employed. Consequently, the study also includes various descriptive statistics.

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Gender differences in saving for retirement

Author(s): Sylwia Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As the level of pension security offered by the state has been decreasing, it is necessary to save additionally for retirement. These savings determine financial condition of households, particularly in the period of limited income after finishing one's professional activity. The results of numerous research indicate that financial behaviours, motives and willingness to save among men and women differ significantly. Also, the willingness to save for retirement is determined by many factors, including gender. The objective of the article is to evaluate to what degree gender determines saving, including saving for retirement by households, as compared with other individual sociodemographic personality traits. The article presents the data of representative research "Social Diagnosis 2015". This research comprised of individual interviews conducted in 11,740 households with 35,279 members. The main conclusion which may be drawn from the research is that the chances of a household to save, including saving for retirement, decrease when a woman plays the role of household head.

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MODEL MEZIREGIONÁLNÍHO SROVNÁNÍ MÍRY OHROŽENÍ CHUDOBOU A MATERIÁLNÍ DEPRIVACÍ: PŘÍPAD ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY

Author(s): Ivana Kraftová,ZUZANA ĎURIOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to present a model interregional comparison of risk of poverty and material deprivation and results of the analysis of the Czech regions carried out with its use. The model includes four parameters: the robustness of material deprivation, proximity to the border of income poverty, poor literacy, and long-term unemployment. The model is designed as a relative and hierarchical. The model combines an aggregate look at the issue with a deeper analysis of the causes of the regional situation. The results indicate the position of the regions to the state of the whole society and attend to trends. The results at the two lower levels of the hierarchical model, which are useful in the implementation of regional policy instruments, are presented partially.

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SOCIO-EKONOMICKÉ ASPEKTY REKONSTRUKCÍ A MODERNIZACÍ REGIONÁLNÍCH SILNIC

Author(s): Vilém Pařil,Milan Viturka,ERIKA OVEČKOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This article cope with assessment of reconstruction or modernization of regional roads on the example of second class roads in the region NUTS 2 Southeast in the Czech Republic. The goal is to specify relevant methodological framework for effectiveness assessment of transportation projects with emphasis on road corridors comparison. Consequent output is priority identification aimed to efficient implementation of Regional road transport policy with respect to using different financial sources from relevant public budgets. The method lies in five key criteria (relevance, usefulness, integration, stimulation and sustainability). Its results are consequently synthetized to three variations of complex assessment. The key output is identification of three project groups according to its priorities (among the most important roads are II/602, II/374 a II/379).

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SOCIÁLNÍ INKUBÁTOR JAKO NÁSTROJ ROZVOJE REGIONÁLNÍ A INOVAČNÍ POLITIKY

Author(s): Mirka Wildmannova / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with one possible implementation of social innovation, being one of the tools of innovation infrastructure in the field of social and public policies. The South Moravian Region with its s unique and innovative infrastructure and innovative processes is one of the leaders in the Czech Republic, especially in terms of technological innovation. Other innovation processes in addition to technological innovation include social innovation. Its use in practice is becoming more and more important in terms of addressing social risks in the society such as population aging, social exclusion and poverty. This paper aims to contribute to the debate about social entrepreneurship and employment of disadvantaged people in the labour market in selected social enterprises, which form a part of a social enterprise incubator. The partial aim is to present the planned project of a system of social enterprise incubators covering the South Moravian Region with emphasis on economically weak areas with its centre in Brno. The paper states that there is only one incubator of social entrepreneurship in the South Moravian Region operated by the Chamber of Social Enterprises. Setting up a social incubator can help increase the employment of socially excluded people in the labor market. At present, the Social Business Act is in the process of preparation.

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HODNOCENÍ KVALITY ŽIVOTA V MĚSTSKÉ ČÁSTI BRATISLAVA-LAMAČ

Author(s): Dominika Tóthová,KATARÍNA VRŠKOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the subjective evaluation of quality of life. The objective is based on the survey to obtain evaluation of selected indicators of quality of life in the city of Bratislava - Lamač and their subsequent comparison with the results of previous research from I. Andráško (2006) to determine whether and what changes have been in the subjective perception of quality of life during the reporting period. The respondents evaluated the most positive the availability of nature and the quantity and quality of the green, in both periods. The highest positive changes in terms of changing the order in comparison with 2006, reached the assessment of the availability of basic services. The most significant decline in the rankings was followed in the activities of local government.

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SUBJECTIVE DIMENSION OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE: CASE-STUDY OF THE LELEKOVICE MUNICIPALITY

Author(s): Marketa CHALOUPKOVA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The life quality concept is a crucial topic of many discussions. Despite its multidisciplinary character, most authors agree on existence of two dimensions of the life quality, subjective and objective. The goal of this paper is to identify and analyse the subjective dimension of the life quality in a specific municipality. The selected municipality was Lelekovice, located in the northern part of the Brno agglomeration, which is known for its high level of environmental quality and typical relationships between the core and the suburbia. To accomplish the goal, a questionnaire was taken from scientific studies and adjusted for the needs of this study. The questionnaire was filled in twice in 2014 and 2016. Based on the questionnaire output, there were identified areas in which the life quality in the municipality was improved (civil facilities) and was made worse (transportation and technical infrastructure, education, sport and environment). In the relation of the problematic areas, we analysed the respondents’ proposals regarding the improvement of the life quality (transportation and technical infrastructure, education, sport and environment).

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ZMENŠUJÍCÍ SE MĚSTO ČESKÁ LÍPA – JE STRATEGICKÉ PLÁNOVÁNÍ NÁSTROJEM PROTI ZMENŠOVÁNÍ?

Author(s): Zdeněk Šilhan,Hana Svobodová,Jan BINEK / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This article aims to identify the main strengths and weaknesses of Česká Lípa, which may affect its shrinking represented by the decline of population. To achieve the goal was conducted brief analysis of data relating to population and evaluated selected questions from questionnaire survey conducted with inhabitants as a part of processing a strategic plan for the city. At a public discussion of the strategic plan was created a sematic map of the city with the inhabitants. The results of the article show that the main factors leading to a shrinking of Česká Lípa can be found in the social and economic area. On the other side to strengths belong to appearance of the historic city center, the level of technical infrastructure, the conditions for preschool education and public transport.

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PROMĚNA TERITORIALITY VE ZKUŠENOSTI OSOB PO ZTRÁTĚ ZAMĚSTNÁNÍ

Author(s): Robert Osman,Ondřej Šerý / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the lived territorial experience of people after job loss and aims to answer the research question "How was transformed the territoriality of people just after losing their jobs?" Losing a job can manifest by a sense of a reduction of social status, a decline in economic security or lack of regular daily routine, which is then reflected in the territorial behaviour of people after job loss. The text is based on a series of semi-structured interviews conducted in the first half of 2016 with the communication partners who have left their jobs in the past six months. The subsequent analysis of the interviews revealed the loss of one of the major anchor points in the form of the workplace and the creation of new activity spaces (possibly increasing their importance). The newly formed action space has changed its form from the network a few lines to the territory with a central point in the home and among other things is influenced by gender, voluntary/involuntary abandonment of previous employment, respectively eventual financial distress or assumption of troubled/trouble free finding a new job.

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TEENAGEŘI V BRNĚNSKÝCH NÁKUPNÍCH CENTRECH: VÝSLEDKY HLUBŠÍCH ŘÍZENÝCH ROZHOVORŮ NÁKUPNÍHO CHOVÁNÍ

Author(s): Josef Kunc,Zdenek Dvorak,Marketa CHALOUPKOVA,Zdeněk Šilhan,Petr Šašinka,Petr Tonev,Jaroslav MARYÁŠ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to evaluate, compare and discuss selected additional findings of an investigation into the shopping habits and behaviour of teenagers in the shopping centres Vaňkovka and Olympia in Brno. The research was carried out by means of structured interviews carried out in both centres. There was a random stratified selection of respondents limited by age and contingent to attending a high school in Brno. The results of the investigation show that young people visit both shopping centres with a set goal (typically to buy clothing, shoes, or accessories) and that they visit Vaňkovka approximately three times as frequently as Olympia. Vaňkovka is advantageous for its convenient location and accessibility but lacks relaxation areas and a cinema. Olympia is popular for the large number and wide variety of shops, while the long distance from the city centre is considered its most significant drawback.

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ZMĚNY PŘÍJEZDŮ RUSKÝCH TURISTŮ DO ČESKA

Author(s): Miroslava KOSTKOVÁ,Pavlína Pellešová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Incoming tourists from the Russian Federation to the Czech Republic is undergoing significant changes. Russia after Germany for us historically appears to be a significant source country. Their arrivals in recent years are changed due to the factors of economic, security, political, trend changes etc. Their loss is currently replaced by tourist arrivals from China and Korea. This article aims to examine the changes of the visitor attendance from Russia. Examined are causes and consequences of changes in the approaches of the selected target market. The article used the methods of analysis and evaluation of the available data from secondary sources, interview with tour operators, accommodation and spa facilities, applied is method of prediction the future development due to reduction of Russian tourists to the impact on the economy. Increase in revenue from tourism related to the growth of foreign visitors and tourists from Russia make up a significant part. Presented measures are spa facilities to attract affluent Russian clientele not only in Karlovy Vary. Mutual appeal of visa requirements between Russia and the European Union would roughly double the number of Russian tourists in the Czech Republic. Czech competitiveness compared to offerings in other EU countries can achieve more favorable visa policy, reducing the time visa, using all possibilities of the Visa Code and the reputation of the Czech Republic as a safe destination.

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Debt Literacy and Its Importance in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Bohuslava Doláková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to show the importance of one part of financial literacy that causes most problems in the Czech Republic. According to the latest data, there is quite a lot of Czech overindebted – they borrowed too much money, lost jobs, found a very inconvenient loan, etc. Those people were not able to analyze their financial situation in the broad context of having a loan. As we know from the start of last big financial crisis risky loans (e.g., Mortgages) can cause a worldwide problem. In general people with lower levels of debt, literacy tends to transact in high-cost manners, incurring higher fees and using high-cost borrowing. Due to the New Consumer Credit Act from 2016, there was expected a change in the loan amounts and risk. It is too early to judge the impact of that act, but we can see a basic tendency that shows us people are still willing to go in debts. This makes debt literacy still very important as there are many overindebted people in the Czech Republic.

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Ratio Bias under Conditions of Uncertainty – Experimental Results

Author(s): Maria Forlicz,Tomasz Rólczyński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It has been found that when making decisions under risk regarding positive results (gains), people prefer lotteries with probabilities expressed as a ratio of large numbers (eg. the chance of winning is 30 to 1000) to lotteries with equal probabilities expressed as a ratio of small numbers (eg. 3 to 100)- it is a phenomenon called ratio bias (eg. Denes-Raj, Epstein [1994], Reyna, Brainerd [2008]). However, since it is usually impossible to know or to calculate probabilities of occurrence of various events, it seems plausible to claim that most decisions made in everyday life are decisions under uncertainty. That is why the aim of this article is to investigate people’s perception of chances to win in a lottery under conditions of uncertainty when for the same price they obtain fewer or more tickets (with equal prices and number of tickets obtained for all participants). It is important to know if buying 1 ticket for 1 euro is as attractive as buying 10 tickets for the same price while the (unknown) probability of winning stays the same. The aim will be achieved by conducting an experiment with real but non-monetary payoffs. Students will be given an opportunity to participate in a lottery in which one can win additional points to their final score in a subject. In Scenario I a student will be able to buy one lottery ticket for a small price, while in Scenario II 10 lottery tickets. In both scenarios the number of winning tickets will be the same. Along with ratio bias theory it is hypothesized that (with unchanged probability of winning) an increased number of tickets sold for a specified price will effect an increased demand for the tickets.

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