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Sekretářky a mechanici CNC strojů. Zn. svobodně: Šance na pracovním trhu a rodinná rozhodování

Author(s): Iva Šmídová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Sociální struktura má velkou setrvačnost. Projevuje se především v rovině reprodukce třídního sociálního statusu z generace na generaci; status quo ovšem udržují i další zásadní sociologické proměnné, jako jsou etnicita nebo gender. Zatímco třídní nerovnosti tvoří hlavní osu nejen zahraničních, ale i českých analýz sociální stratifi kace, ty genderové si v české sociologii razily cestu pomaleji. Spíše jen okrajovou součástí velkých sociologických výzkumů na téma sociálních nerovností zůstávají také s poukazem na to, že se gender opakovaně neukázal v dosud realizovaných makroanalýzách výzkumníkům jako zásadní strukturující faktor (Matějů a Straková et al. 2006). Následující kapitolou naznačuji, zda a jak genderová sociální struktura ovlivňuje v konkrétním momentu životní dráhy jednání aktérů – konkrétně volbu dalšího vzdělání a uvažování o uplatnění na trhu práce. Zajímá mě přitom, jak komunikační partneři prezentují své rozhodování. Považují svou volbu za nezávislou, podmíněnou jen jejich vlastním výkonem a studijními schopnostmi, nebo podle nich do procesu vstupují i další faktory?

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Rodinu si nedělat: Práce a rodina v úvahách patnáctiletých

Author(s): Lucie Jarkovská / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Výzkumy gendrovanosti studijních a profesních voleb (např. Kreimer 2004, Smith a Steinmetz 2008, Reimer, Noelke a Kucel 2008), včetně našeho, jehož výsledky představujeme také v dalších kapitolách (viz Kapitoly 5 a 7), ukazují, že dívky si volí povolání, která jim nabízejí horší perspektivu než povolání, jež si volí chlapci. Na základě rozhovorů, které jsme získaly v průběhu výzkumu „Volba vzdělání a anticipace šancí na pracovním trhu z genderové perspektivy“, budeme v této kapitole pátrat po důvodech genderové segregace na pracovním trhu, pro kterou v existující literatuře nacházíme dvě teoretická vysvětlení. Neoklasická ekonomická teorie tvrdí, že jde o racionální volbu. Feministická teoretická perspektiva vnímá situaci žen na pracovním trhu jako důsledek jejich postavení v patriarchální společnosti a snaží se odhalovat mechanismy, které vedou k reprodukci toho uspořádání. Stávající teorie však odrážejí především západoevropský a severoamerický kontext, kde je zaměstnanost žen dlouhodobě nižší, než zaměstnanost žen v českém prostředí. V tomto textu se zamyslíme nad tím, nakolik závěry těchto teorií korespondují s českou realitou. Dříve, než představíme analýzu samotných dat, shrneme poznatky týkající se genderových nerovností na pracovním trhu a provázanosti pracovního trhu se systémem školství.

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Shaping the Attitudes to Music Folklore in the Youth (The Chosen Aspects of the Research in the Context of School Practice)

Author(s): Judita Kučerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The research into the attitudes to folklore in the youth was conducted in 14-15-year old, and partly 16-year-old youth at elementary schools and grammar schools in nine Moravian localities. The method of musically-aesthetic experiment was used with the employment of music (sound) questionnaire technique. The choice of the respondents file was done according to age criteria, type of the school, geographic location, demographic and cultural specifics of the locality. The research definitely proved that the opinion on the folklore samples in the youth was significantly differentiated; as expected, the differences appeared according to the basic viewpoint – whether the young people are educated to perceive music folklore or not. It was proved that without the educational influence of a personality who would encourage the interest in folklore the opinions of the youth are mainly negative. The value tendencies were not too dependent on the activity of the local or regional tradition. Their positive shift was recorded in the members of children folklore ensembles, instrumentalists from elementary schools of art and secondary school students.

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Vynořující se dospělost v životní doméně studia a světa práce: Mezi vysokou školou a prací

Author(s): Lucia Kvitkovičová,Jan Mareš,Jan Širůček,Lenka Lacinová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Profesní vývoj dnešních mladých lidí mezi dvacátým a třicátým rokem života, tedy v době označované také jako vynořující se dospělost, je oproti relativně nedávné minulosti charakteristický výraznou variabilitou, a to jak na úrovni populační, tak na úrovni individuální. Samotný vstup do světa práce je teoreticky i výzkumně velmi zajímavým tématem (Arnett, 2004; Hamilton & Hamilton, 2006). V této kapitole bude tato variabilita zachycena v návaznosti na další oblasti života mladých lidí, protože fenomén profesního vývoje a jeho odlišné podoby jsou úzce provázány s vývojem a přijímáním závazků v ostatních významných životních doménách (Kunnen et al., 2008; Macek et al., 2016). Různé trajektorie vývoje z hlediska přijímání závazků v různých rolích se ukazují důležité jak z hlediska emocionálního (například subjektivní spokojenost), tak rovněž z hlediska vývoje představ o sobě samém (stylu identity, jáství) i z hlediska přístupů k řešení různých životních situací (například strategií zvládání). Profesní vývoj těch mladých lidí, jejichž neochota přijímat po delší dobu závazky v této oblasti je vysoká, bývá obecně považován za problematický (Kunnen et al., 2008).

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“We’re holding the town’s mirror”: the self-referential discourses of the local newspaper Camden Advertiser during the controversy over a proposed Islamic School

Author(s): Caitlin Parr / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Local newspapers are a unique part of the media landscape, tasked with informing the community of events and issues in their immediate area and providing them with the knowledge they need to understand complex social issues. Despite advances in digital technologies, “newspapers remain a primary and vital component of the newsgathering infrastructure” (Clarke, 2014, p. 8). Therefore, the power of local print newspapers to build connections with and influence their communities makes them valuable sources for analysis. This chapter offers a discursive analysis of self-referential discourses utilised by the Camden Advertiser during reports on a controversial Islamic School proposal in Camden, Western Sydney, NSW, Australia. Self-referential is used here to describe the ways in which the Camden Advertiser referenced its own name, its journalists, and reflected on previously published newspaper content during the Islamic school debate.

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Co je dialogické vyučování

Author(s): Klára Šeďová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V posledních dekádách došlo v pedagogických vědách k obratu k jazyku, komunikaci a dialogu. Současný výzkum akcentuje centrální roli jazyka a komunikace ve vztahu k učení a vytváření znalostí ve třídě (Jones & Hammond, 2016). Řada autorů věnuje soustředěný zájem tomu, jak probíhá komunikace ve školní třídě a jaké jsou její efekty. Důsledkem tohoto obratu je, že vzdělávací výsledky začínají být připisovány spíše kvalitě výukové komunikace než studijním předpokladům žáka či pedagogickým dovednostem učitele (Mercer & Littleton, 2007). Mercer a Howe (2012) postulují, že pokud chceme zlepšit výsledky žáků, musíme se zabývat rolí, kterou řeč a komunikace ve školním vzdělávání sehrávají. Tato perspektiva nejenže formuje akademickou teorii a výzkum, ale nachází své vyjádření v praktických aplikacích.

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Jak probíhá změna: případové studie jednotlivých učitelů

Author(s): Klára Šeďová,Roman Švaříček,Martin Sedláček,Zuzana Šalamounová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V předchozí kapitole jsme doložili, že v důsledku participace učitelů v našem rozvojovém programu došlo k významným změnám v povaze komunikace ve sledovaných třídách. Často se konstatuje, že efektivita vzdělávacích programů usilujících o změnu způsobu výuky je omezená, neboť v konečném důsledku jen zřídka dochází k modifikaci reálného jednání učitele (viz Adey, 2006; Butler et al., 2004; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013; Van den Bergh et al., 2015). Přestože změnit výukové postupy a jednání učitele ve třídě je velmi obtížné (Van den Bergh et al., 2015), úspěšné programy existují a je nutné identifikovat bazální mechanismy, které způsobují, že jsou některé programy efektivnější než jiné (Berson et al., 2015). Vzhledem k tomu, že náš program můžeme řadit mezi úspěšné, bude následující část této knihy věnována právě otázce, jaké okolnosti a mechanismy způsobily, že se implementace dialogického vyučování v našem projektu zdařila.

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ANXIETY TRAITS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DECISION FOR THE BEGINNING IN THE TEACHING CAREER

Author(s): Ramona Hurduzeu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Entering the profession is an important step for any young person who completes his or her studies, whether high school or university. The decision to enter the teaching profession is one of great responsibility, and the psycho-pedagogical and specialist training should facilitate professional insertion. The present study looks at the decision that young people with a bachelor's degree and a psycho-pedagogical training, current master's students, have taken to enter the teaching profession or not. One of the arguments expressed by young people for not yet entering into the teaching profession is the need for further psycho-pedagogical and specialist training, which could in fact cover at the young person an anxious structure. We understand anxiety as a feeling of fear experienced as a reaction to a stressful situation, accompanied by feelings that have a dysfunctional effect on the individual's mental life.

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COUNSELING BEGINNING TEACHERS AND OPTIMIZING TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS

Author(s): Roxana Bobu,Oana Jitaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Often the dilemma of novice teachers is related to the quality of student-teacher relationship. A good teacher is one who creates a safe and creative environment for students, which allows them to become confident and eager to learn. Thus, students will have the courage to express their emotions, personal opinions, without fear of being labelled. When students show they are “angry about a low grade” or reactions of anger/frustration towards other colleagues, that creates a situation of challenge for the beginner teacher. She or he has the chance to capitalize on both personal and professional abilities. The study presented in this article aims to identify the perception of beginning teachers regarding the management of relations with the group of students. The results fundaments a mentoring program that aimed to optimize the interaction between the beginning teacher and the students.

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Regionalna sinteza za južnu Evropu

Author(s): Bruno Losito / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Ovo je sinteza detaljnog izvještaja o ODG (Obrazovanje za demoktariju i građansko društvo) politikama za region južne Evrope. Sinteza i izvještaj su djelovi Sveevropske studije o kreiranju politika za Obrazovanje za demokratsko građanstvo. Devet zemalja čine region južne Evrope: Andora, Kipar, Grčka, Italija, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Španija i Turska. Četiri od ovih zemalja su članice Evropske unije (EU) (Grčka, Italija, Portugal i Španija), dok Kipar i Malta treba da uskoro postanu članice EU; Turska se prijavila za pridruženje EU i pregovori o tome su trenutno u toku. Andora i San Marino imaju jako bliske veze sa susjednim EU zemljama: to su Francuska i Španija u slučaju Andore, i Italija u odnosu na San Marino.

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Sinteze šest regionalnih izvještaja

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Ovaj izvještaj je sinteza studija o Obrazovanju za demokratsko građanstvo (u daljem tekstu ODG) u pet regiona Evrope: zapadnoj, sjevernoj, centralnoj i južnoj Evropi, koji uključuje i najnovije vijesti koje se tiču razvoja ODG u šestom regionu, jugoistočnoj Evropi, prateći Istraživanje o politikama u vezi sa Obrazovanjem za demokratsko građanstvo i upravljanju razlikama u jugoistočnoj Evropi iz 2001. Cilj svake od ovih studija je bio da iscrta mapu koja će obuhvatiti postojeće politike i zakonske okvire koji podržavaju unapređenje ODG na nacionalnom nivou, u svim zemljama tog regiona. Ovaj izvještaj, pet regionalnih studija, Istraživanje o politikama u vezi sa obrazovanjem za demokratsko građanstvo i upravljanju razlikama u jugoistočnoj Evropi, i sinteza na nivou Evrope, čine djelove Sveevropske studije o ODG politikama, koju je naručio Savjet Evrope.

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Regionalna sinteza za sjevernu Evropu

Author(s): Rolf Mikkelsen / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Ovo je sinteza detaljnog izvještaja za region sjeverne Evrope o kreiranju politike i implementaciji ODG-a (Obrazovanja za građansko društvo i demokratiju). Sinteza i izvještaj su djelovi Sveevropske studije Savjeta Evrope o kreiranju politike o ODG. Sinteza daje opšti pregled: • ključnih karakteristika razvoja politike ODG u sjevernoj Evropi; • ključnih mjera u implementaciji koje postoje u ODG u sjevernoj Evropi; • glavnim izazovima sa kojima će ODG morati da se suoči Region Sjeverne Evrope se sastoji od osam država članica: pet nordijskih zemalja – Danske, Finske, Islanda, Norveške i Švedske i tri baltičke zemlje – Estonije, Letonije i Litvanije.

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Špecifiká prozdravotnej edukácie rómskych žiakov na primárnom stupni vzdelávania

Author(s): Jozef Liba,Jana Burgerová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects the recently obtained health-related and social-pathological data on Romany pupils. It specifies several adverse life-style parameters of Romanies as the manifestation and the consequence of their social, cultural, educational and linguistic incompatibility. The insufficient or even dysfunctional strategy of family education appears to be the factor preventing Romany children from acceptation of regulatory rules and standards. School is presented as a guaranteeing educational institution in the process of generating, stabilizing and interiorizing health-related values and rules. A significant potential of prohealth intervention programs is highlighted in terms of supportive health-education strategies. Last but not least, the paper points out the applicability of e-learning in the process of prohealth education at primary schools.

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RAD S IZBJEGLICAMA U JUGOISTOČNOJ EUROPI: UKLJUČIVANJE DJECE IZBJELICA U ODGOJNOOBRAZOVNI SUSTAV U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ – PRIKAZ SLUČAJA

Author(s): Dajana Ravlija / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Isusovačka služba za izbjeglice (Jesuit Refugee Service – JRS) međunarodna je katolička nevladina organizacija čija je glavna misija pratiti, služiti i zagovarati prava izbjeglica i drugih prisilno raseljenih osoba. Nastaje u doba rata u Vijetnamu, 1980. godine, kada je osnivač pater Pedro Aruppe, gledajući patnju izazvane ratom, odlučio sustavno pomagati „ljudima u pokretu“. JRS je prisutan u 56 zemalja svijeta, od toga broji 22 ureda u Europi, čije je sjedište u Bruxellesu, Belgija. JRS Hrvatska (osnovana 1993. godine), dio je mreže jugoistočne Europe (JRS SEE)

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İlköğretimde Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Öğrencilerin Özellikleri ve Eğitimleri

Author(s): Murat Balci,Medine Eda Ceylan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Learning disability; It is the difficulty in one or more of the reading, writing, speaking and arithmetic skills in a normal or gifted individual who has a brain injury or not, who has problems in academic skills. Learning disabilities were included in the special education category in the United States in 1975. Although it is believed that the cause of learning disability is due to the function of the brain and four factors, a definite cause is not known yet. These four factors are; organic, genetic, environmental causes and biochemical disorders. Students with learning disabilities constitute the largest area in special education. 50.5% of children in need of special education are classified as learning disabilities. School-age students with learning disabilities constitute 4.5%. Students with learning disabilities are most likely to have failures in reading, reading comprehension, writing and mathematics. In addition, problems can be seen in areas such as motivation, poor social skills, language, attention and perception. As a result of the researches, it was concluded that two teaching methods can be effective. These methods are; direct instruction method and cognitive strategy instruction. Direct teaching method; It is a gradual method in which the responsibility of teaching begins with the teacher and is transferred to the student, which involves presenting the topics in small steps, followed by frequent checks in order to determine how much students benefit from their presentations. Cognitive strategy teaching is effective in teaching complex academic skills such as reading comprehension and written expression, and solving mathematical problems. There are some instructional elements in this strategy. These; providing supporters, providing reminders to remember the strategy steps, giving place to interactive dialogues and developing metacognitive knowledge. In primary education, there should be instructional arrangements for students with learning disabilities. There are effective instructional arrangements and approaches to be applied in the fields of primary literacy, reading comprehension, writing, mathematics teaching and Life Sciences, Science and Social Studies.

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Geçici Koruma Altındaki Çocukların Okula Sosyal Uyum Sürecini Etkileyen Faktörler

Author(s): Mustafa Özdere / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The war and internal unrest in the neighboring countries of Turkey lead to mass migration towards Turkey. Schools are important institutions in providing social harmony. These migrations require the restructuring in the education system and schools with a new understanding. In order to create equal education opportunities for students from different races, beliefs, ethnic structures and social groups, it is necessary to restructure the school environment. In this context, the inclusive education approach, which is accepted as an educational approach that aims to respect others, to be sensitive to different thoughts and lifestyles, should be adopted. In this way, a new structure should be initiated to respond to the different requirements of the learners, to increase their participation in education, culture and society and to decrease discrimination within the education system. In this respect, national and international collaborations are established, trainings are organized, various educational resources and guide books are produced (Öztürk, Cengiz, Köksal, İrez, 2017).

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İlkokulda Çocuğun Ahlak ve Kişilik Gelişimine Yönelik Bazı Kavramların İncelenmesi

Author(s): Adem Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The assurance of the future of the society, the development of children with energy are of great importance for the future of the children themselves and all of us. In this study, some concepts in the moral and personality development of the child were examined within the framework of the literature. The bond that the child establishes with his/her relatives, the individual's basic sense of trust and self-perception greatly affects the quality of any social relationship to be established with others. Many theorists state that personality encompasses almost everything related to the individual, including mental, emotional, social and physical. According to studies, temperament characteristics of both parents and children affect their relations with each other. Responsive and warm parents who accept their children's emotional reactions have children who can regulate their emotions. Children grow up with computer games, movies and advertisements and no longer interact face-to-face. This situation affects children negatively. Aggression that starts in childhood and adolescence and can cause greater discomfort in later ages if not taken care of; may be caused by genetic, environmental or social cultural factors. Values education aims to reveal the best aspects of the child, to ensure the development of her personality, to protect the individual and society from bad morals, to equip them with good morals and to ensure their continuity. Factors such as family, peers, technology, school and teachers have a great impact on the moral and personality development of the child in primary school.

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Osmanlı, Türkiye ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde Uygulanan Yazma Eğitimi Becerilerinin Türk Eğitim Sistemine Etkileri, Uygulama Biçimleri ve Tarihten Günümüze Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Önder Uçar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Writing is a language skill that is rarely used in daily life. People mostly prefer verbal communication. However, writing has an extremely important place in terms of the permanence of feelings and thoughts. By making use of the studies in the literature, mutual interviews were conducted with the source persons and questioned in order to determine the writing training studies in the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and to verify the determined data. The last period of the Ottoman Empire's education policy and the parts related to Turkish education in the 1869 Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi were examined and archive documents were used, and the subject was discussed and interpreted on the legislation given separately for schools. The educational yearbooks published by the state under the name of Salname-i Nezaret-i Maarif-i Umumiye, which is a work that deals with the education system of the Ottoman State holistically, were examined. In this study, a literature review was made, the data were collected with the document analysis technique and stated in the study. One of the qualitative research methods, descriptive analysis method was used and content analysis was also used. The aim of the study is to determine the writing education studies in the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, by examining the parts related to writing education in Turkish teaching, by using the archive documents and by going through the legislations given separately for schools, the subject is discussed and how the practice of writing education skills has been applied from past to present and with the theory of constructivism. It is aimed to determine the changes in the writing education skills in the understanding of co-writing education and to determine the pros/cons by consulting the practitioners of this work, that is, the teachers, the last point of the writing skill in question with this understanding. It can be said that the Ottoman state, the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which were determined as the research area of the study, were the source of writing education studies. As a result of the research, the Ottoman Empire saw and applied the skill of writing education as a unifying element in order to ensure the unity and peace of the people. In the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the writing education skill studies continued to be explained by the educator in a face-to-face classroom environment, in accordance with the general structure of the Turkish education system, by writing school slips and on the blackboard, and it has been seen that the analysis-synthesis method of writing education is preferred today.

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Türkiye’de Eğitim Durumlarına Göre Kadın ve Erkek İstihdamı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Turgay Toksoy / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Employment and unemployment, which are in the interest of economics, are among the important macroeconomic indicators. Increasing employment or reducing unemployment is of great importance at the point of increasing economic and social welfare. In terms of countries, employment and unemployment are at the center of social policies. Global crises in recent years have caused policy makers to review their current policies in terms of human resources management. Especially in Turkey, despite the high growth figures achieved in recent years, there is a decrease in employment levels in the opposite direction. In this study conducted for Turkey, an evaluation was made for men and women by classifying the current workforce according to their educational status. Labor force statistics for the years 2014-2022 published by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used. Starting from illiterate individuals as education level, a classification was made towards higher education graduates. As a result of the evaluation, it was seen that the employment level increased as the number of educated individuals increased in Turkey. Higher education graduates take the highest share in employment, followed by high school graduates from vocational schools. At this point, the employment creation of vocational education schools is considered as a situation that should be taken into consideration and emphasized.

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Sociokulturni aspekti rodno zasnovanog nasilja: porodica, mediji i obrazovanje

Author(s): Merima Jašarević / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovaj rad je nastao u sklopu istraživanja rodno zasnovanog nasilja UNIGEM (Universities and Gender Mainstreaming) u visokom obrazovanju među studentima i studenticama, nastavnicima i nastavnicama i administrativnim osobljem. Kroz analizu intervjua (133) propituje vezu kulture s rodno zasnovanim nasiljem s fokusom na porodicu, medije i obrazovanje jer su to ispitanici i ispitanice u svojim odgovorima naglasili kao determinante rodno zasnovanog nasilja. Rad se bazira na savremenim teorijama o kulturi i globalizaciji kao i na feminističkoj kritičkoj teoriji o kulturi i rodu.

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