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HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF LOGISTICS

Author(s): Florin Tudor / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2012

The general objective of logistics is to ensure of all necessary things in order to fulfill different missions, plans or actions. This paper aims to show the evolution of logistics when passing from planned economy to the new market based economy in the last two decades. Logistic activity is common in many fields of activity (economic, cultural or military), but the main field where it was consecrated was the economical one. Logistics is the main element of any economic strategy and is the link between many activities. The originality and value of this study comes from the suggestions that have been made regarding concepts and methods that might improve logistic activity.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Hope for Georgia-Russia Trade Corridor Deal

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Hope for Georgia-Russia Trade Corridor Deal

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 02/05/2019

Tbilisi takes a step toward implementing a long-stalled agreement on opening transit corridors across its breakaway territories.

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INSIGHTS INTO THE DEFINITION OF CUSTOMS LOGISTICS

Author(s): Alvydas Jablonskis,Mara Petersone,Karlis Ketners / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the concept of a relatively new social phenomenon, namely, customs logistics. The authors seek to draw the attention of the scientific community to the changes in logistics determined by globalisation and integration processes and new functions of customs in exercising supervision of international trade, regulating and controlling it. It is pointed out that the goals and objectives of the entities carrying out these activities (states, organisations, companies) do not necessarily coincide, hence scientific research into this phenomenon should involve an international integrated team of researchers and scientific partnership.

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ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION ASSUMPTIONS IN DEVELOPING CUSTOMS LOGISTICS

Author(s): Alfonsas Laurinavičius / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the security of international flows, with a focus on a specific area of logistics, namely, customs logistics, understandably both as a new branch of science and as an integral, complex and multifaceted area of activity. Customs logistics includes the processes, functions and challenges of transportation, warehousing, forwarding, inventory management, management of flows/resources and other areas of activity, insofar as they are related to the legal acts implemented by customs, customs supervision, interaction between customs and business in developing secure international trade. This is an area of research and practice which is rapidly developing, is open to innovations and new ideas, is introducing smart technologies and is consolidating intellectual capital and which is closely linked to economics, management, law and other areas of research activity. The distinctive feature of logistics, including customs logistics, is the management of flows and resources in the international supply chain, regulation of logistic operations, functions and processes at the international, regional and national levels, wide geography of activities, increasingly complex interactions between entities of logistic activity, optimal use of resources, creation of added value using instruments of logistic activity, rational and effective risk management, ensuring of safety and security.The outcome of activity in customs logistics (the length of delivery of a consignment, safety and security, speedy and inexpensive completion of formalities, prompt and efficient performance of logistic operations) is determined not only by the logistic operations performed, but also, and sometimes primarily, by the nature of interaction between entities of this activity and controlling institutions (customs authorities, border guard, etc.), possibilities of cooperation and its consequences, the compatibility of information, computer and communications technologies, the efficient use of available information resources, the validity, objectivity and rationality of decisions and discretions. Changes in the activity of customs as the state institution implementing customs and international trade policy directly and significantly influence the security of the EU’s economic area.The article presents one of the possible concepts of customs logistics as a new area of logistic activity, discusses guidelines for customs and business cooperation and tendencies of the implementation of the discretionary powers granted to customs officials in enhancing the security of international trade.

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THE COMPLEXITY EFFECT OF FREIGHT FORWARDING TRADE INSTRUMENTS IN PROJECT LOGISTICS

Author(s): Monika Petkevičiūtė–Stručko,Ivanou Yauhen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Nowadays when the complexity of services provided by freight forwarders is increasing, especially when dealing with multimodal transport or project logistics, unified freight forwarders’ documents are one of the main instruments in cross border trade facilitation. While discussing the role of freight forwarder in multimodal transport, the author presents an analysis of several key documents that are commonly used in trade logistics herewith revealing the impact of indeterminacy of freight forwarding responsibilities.The purpose of this article is to introduce the reader to freight forwarders’ documents and forms with a focus on the models of usage of FIATA Bill of Lading and FIATA Forwarders Certificate of Receipt.Two scenarios of primary concern, respecting possible schemes of fraudulent usage of FIATA Bill of Lading are revealed in the article together with possible solutions for reducing the risk.

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Optimal Distribution Between Box and Pallet Automatic Warehouse Storage

Author(s): Judit Oláh,Tamás Harman,József Popp / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2018

Warehouse management has witnessed widespread and rapid development in recent years. This is due to the increasingly complex logistics processes as well as to the dynamic and spectacular development of warehouse design and operation. The smooth functioning of the stock and the warehouse plays a very important role in the life of every production company, so it is imperative to continuously review processes and to apply new procedures to increase efficiency. Results: When storing the phase products, the speed of the internal material flow processes, including the rate of storage, must always be proportional to the output of warehouses. Likewise, the storage capacity of the warehouse must correspond to the input needs of the areas it supplies. The constantly changing needs can be balanced by inserting buffers. In addition, storage capacities must be prepared in advance for changing space needs. Thus, in one year, the 64-36% removal ratio between the previous 2 warehouses changed to 56-44%, due to changing trends. This requires regular monitoring of the forecasts and management of the inventory strategy to be followed. Conclusion: During our research we have found that by updating the data quarterly, we can ensure the proper distribution of stock and optimum utilization of warehouses.

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Competitiveness of intermodal transport in the opinion of experts from the Baltic sea region

Author(s): Damian Bonk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The article presents the results of a survey conducted among experts in the field of transport research, from the Baltic Sea region, on the competitiveness of intermodal transport in relation to road transport. The study aimed to identify factors that positively and negatively influence the choice of intermodal transport as an alternative to road transport along the entire transport route. The available literature was reviewed, and attention was paid to the problem of differences in the perception of intermodal transport by experts from different countries. It was also indicated that, depending on the approach to this problem and the local point of view, significantly different results can be obtained regarding the factors influencing the choice of intermodal transport as an alternative to road transport.

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ANALYSIS OF A CRASH ON A VEHICLE SYSTEM BY ADJUSTING APPROPRIATE INPUT PARAMETERS TO MANAGE ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPACITY FOR ENHANCING PASSENGER SAFETY

Author(s): Sagar Parashuram Dhamone,Arunkumar Padmakumar / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2023

The aim of the research is to develop a front bumper system that absorbs maximum impact energy as compared to the current bumper available in the market, Bumper design is based on increasing the area of the crumping zone to slow down the collision and observe the impacts taking place at the time of jerks and reduces the percentage of damage. To develop the system, the number of load cases tested numerically in passive safety simulation has increased significantly in recent years. The variety of applications may be divided into three main topics: structural crashworthiness of the whole car, passenger protection, and crashworthiness of components. Present theories and practices. To absorb impact, the front bumper of the car uses a spring-loaded system that is installed between the bumper and the support for the chassis structure. This system is made of metal and serves as the bumper's structural foundation. A honeycomb structure is being added to the bumper as a composite material together with a layer of galvanized iron as it is being created in this manner, which increases strength while weighing less. This arrangement design is suitable for psychoacoustics, varying velocity explicit analysis is performed with the approach of finite element analysis, experimental testing is carried out for the validation of the value and advanced manufacturing methods are implemented with statistical results, and one of the cheapest systems is developed as compared to the current bumper systems.

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LOGISTIC OF ELECTRICALVEHICLES IN ALBANIA

Author(s): Eduart Ndokaj / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Numerous of enterprises merge logistics in their developed strategy, so that they can fullfil more suitable cases for offering the greatest amounts to the user, respectively the buyer himself. Many studies show that those companies that have the concept of the logistic approach in their development strategy are able to continuously increase their profits due to the reduction of labor costs. The accelerated development and affirmation of logistics services caused numerous consequences, among which are: Globalization and concentration of economic activities, internationalization of production and trade, accelerated growth and development of scientific knowledge in all scientific fields. Albania in terms of logistics compared to European countries with economy developed trade is in stagnation. Our companies feel the great competition in the international market. The great influence in science and technology in contemporary life demands from everyone to acquire as much contemporary theoretical and practical knowledge as possible. Such development is achieved first of all, due to the presence of science and scientific disciplines and that mostlyin the field of technique and technology. In contemporary conditions, where the whole world participates in trade andinternational exhange, the role of transport for every day is important. An increased demand is presentedin communication services, means and methods of transportationin distribution; they become more reasonable and economical. In contemporary conditions, when the whole world participates in trade and international exchange, the role of transport becomes more important every day. The increased volume of the presence of these systems, on the other hand, has conditioned the appearance and development of new door-to-door transport systems, namely systems that provide direct transport from the sender to the recipient of the goods. Means of road, rail, air, river and sea transport are integrated into these systems. Such cooperation between different types of traffic ensures fast loading of standardized loading units from vehicles of one type of traffic, to transport vehicles of another type of traffic.

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ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА АВТОВЛАКОВЕ ПО ПАНЕВРОПЕЙСКИТЕ ТРАНСПОРТНИ КОРИДОРИ

Author(s): Tsvetoslav Tsankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Roads in Eastern Europe are extremely busy with transiting lorries with large trailers or tractors with semi-trailers. Four of the pan-European corridors pass through the Republic of Bulgaria, which has serious problems with the narrow roads of the Republic's road network. This transit traffic causes problems, especially due to the gradients and curves of the roadway, which do not allow trucks to maintain an economical mode of their engines. Reducing the adverse environmental impacts of freight transit requires easing traffic on the main roads that pass through the mountain ranges. In order to reduce heavy goods traffic, the use of the rail network for the transport of good vehicles should be encouraged. Unfortunately, however, this type of transport has not been able to establish itself massively in most countries, which makes it unsuitable for particularly long-distance transport. Examining the revenue and costs of a particular route and transportation options for a single vehicle helps determine the economic benefit for carriers. Although major infrastructure investments are planned, the results are unsatisfying. The problems for carriers and large companies which that use their own transport are well known. Kilometers-long queues of trucks waiting at the borders, in addition to the spoilage of goods and their untimely delivery to the recipient, are also a problem for the commitment of drivers, for whom this counts as a lost working day. In multiple calculations, targets are reached to increase the carrying capacity of the vehicle fleets or to reduce personnel. The latter is impossible because there are strict measures in place for driver breaks, which are imposed by the many incidents of driver fatigue. The use of road trains, such as those in Australia and the USA is impossible because they can run on roads with minimal bends and gradients, which are almost non-existent in Europe. The most common road freight transport is articulated vehicles of a tractor and a semi-trailer, for which a number of restrictions apply, according to the roads and the rest of the drivers. One of the biggest drawbacks of semi-trailer tractors is failure to comply with the usual turning radius and snow and ice driving bans for cars with trailers and semi-trailers. There have long been efforts to construct solo, articulated, or combination road vehicles to have great lengths, but again the same drawbacks have been encountered. In this report, a truck model that has an extra length is proposed. This truck could not have been realized without the capabilities of modern technology using logic in driving assistance, as well as new technologies to improve the control actions of the driver. The model is also suitable for expansion to a road train capable of crossing our roads, which will be the goal of future developments.

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Proposal of Set of Optimization Criteria and Their Specific Calculation for Effective Inventory Management in an Industrial Enterprise

Author(s): Maria Stopkova,Petr Kolařík,Martin Jurkovič,Jarmila Sosedova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Currently, there are many mathematical models and tools for inventory management and optimization. Based on the literature review, the authors conclude that inventory management tools and models are mostly one-sided and focused on the cost aspect of the inventory management process. The research goal was to propose a set of criteria for inventory optimization as a basis for the development of an inventory management model whose structure would consider both the economic aspect and the stochasticity of demand and the reliability of delivery. Optimization criteria are based on extensive analyses of influences and correlations between logistic chain subsystems in relation to inventory. The interactions of the subsystems are then mathematically expressed, which represents the main output of the created set of optimization criteria. The defined criteria can be used as a basis for creating a new optimization model of inventory management.

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OPTIMIZING THE ORDER DISTRIBUTION IN THE CITY OF TETOVO USING DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

Author(s): Miranda Xhaferi,Elvir Iljazi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The major concerns of e-commerce are the optimization of order dispatch operations and delivery time prediction. Finding the optimal path is considered an important problem in logistics systems. Efficient order distribution is crucial for enhancing logistic operations, especially in urban environments like the city of Tetovo. Therefore, proper prediction and optimization for delivery operations are required for optimal logistics management. This study proposes a novel approach to optimize order distribution utilizing Dijkstra’s Algorithm, a well-established method in graph theory and network analysis. To ensure better visibility of the logistics activities and avoid possible obstacles it is suitable to adopt a graph-based method. By modeling Tetovo city’s road network as a graph, with intersections as nodes and roads as edges, the algorithm calculates the shortest paths between various distribution points, such as warehouses and delivery destinations. From the drop points, we will get the information and data about the delivery address, weight of goods packages, and number of customer packages carried by a courier in one delivery transfer by truck delivery logistics. In the meantime, the data about the distance from the distribution points to the delivery destinations will be obtained from the Open Street Maps applications. All the data above will be used to construct a connected weight graph as an initial model graph. Using a methodology based on Dijkstra’s Algorithm, we will determine the shortest or fastest route for delivery service in logistics distribution. By denoting the location of a drop point as a starting point of the route and the road connecting two locations as an edge where the distance traveled from the drop point to the customers or from one customer to another will represent the weight in the graph, we can apply the Dijkstra’s algorithm to optimize the mileage of the delivery packages. The optimization process aims to reduce delivery time and minimize costs while maximizing resource utilization and customer satisfaction. The implementation of Dijkstra’s Algorithm in this context involves factors like traffic congestion, road conditions, and delivery priorities. This algorithm works by finding the lowest cost path with various costs associated with the edges enabling the most efficient way of completing an order within a factory or warehouse. We represent a JavaScript implementation of this algorithm. Through simulation and empirical validation, the proposed approach demonstrates significant improvements in order distribution efficiency compared to traditional methods. This research contributes to the advancement of logistic optimization techniques and provides practical insights for enhancing urban delivery systems in the city of Tetovo and similar metropolitan areas.

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CAPRONI AND COANDA ... NOT ONLY JETS. SIMILARITIES AND COINCIDENCES BETWEEN TWO PIONEERS OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY

Author(s): Francesco Vadala / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

The purpose of this article is to remind us of the activity of two famous engineers and colleagues, Gianni Caproni and Henry Coand`, and of some of the coincidences and similarities between the two regarding their activity in the field of aeronautics. They met during a stay in Belgium, for a specialisation in electrical engineering, where they discovered that they shared a mutual interest in aerodynamics. After these studies, they embarked on different paths, but continued to stay in touch, keeping each other up-to-date regarding the latest developments in the field. To conclude, we should mention what we believe to be the most important aspect regarding the two: they are both pioneers of jet-propelled airplanes.

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ROMANIAN-POLISH AERONAUTICAL COLLABORATIONS

Author(s): Iosif RUS / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

In order to ensure stable air connections between Bucure[ti and the capitals of the members states of the Little Entente, to which Poland was added, a convention on air navigation with Poland was signed on 9 May 1930. On 1 June, air traffic was started three times a week between Bucure[ti and Gdansk. The Romanian state pledged to jointly exploit, through a national airline and the Polish LOT companies, the Bucure[ti-Warsaw air route. Soon after signing the documents, the Polish built a building at the B`neasa airport for the staff ensuring the arrival of aircraft from Warsaw and the boarding/disembarkation of passengers. On 28 June 1931, the Gdansk-Thessaloniki airline was opened, via Warsaw, Bucure[ti, Sofia.

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Zabezpieczenie logistyczne sił i środków lotniczych na drogowych odcinkach lotniskowych

Author(s): Waldemar Jerzy Kawka,Bogumił Znojek,Kamil Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Przedkładane wyniki badań naukowych - w formie artykułu naukowego - to swoistego rodzaju nowe spojrzenie na złożoną i zaniedbaną, zwłaszcza w ostatnich latach, kwestię zabezpieczenia logistycznego sił i środków lotniczych wykorzystujących drogowe odcinki lotniskowe. Przywoływane novum to wieloaspektowy rezultat zawczasu przeprowadzonych badań naukowych, dla których problem badawczy w formie pytania otwartego wymagającego narracji przyjął brzmienie - jakich zmian o cechach adaptacyjnych (w formie koncepcji) dotyczących logistyki drogowych odcinków lotniskowych (w tym logistyki lotniska oraz logistyki lotów) należy dokonać, aby te w przyszłości mogły być wykorzystywane - zgodnie z ich operacyjnym przeznaczeniem, zarówno w czasie pokoju, kryzysu, jak i wojny? Natomiast cel badań naukowych ogniskował się przede wszystkim na wskazaniu potrzeby dokonania zmian dotyczących logistyki drogowych odcinków lotniskowych, aby te w przyszłości mogły być wykorzystywane. Autorska koncepcja z Lotniczej Akademii Wojskowej w Dęblinie treściowo poprzedzona jest wynikami badań naukowych, których poznawcza i merytoryczna zawartość zawiera się wokół terminologicznej tożsamości drogowych odcinków lotniskowych - na tle lotnisk i lądowisk, genezy przygotowania drogowych odcinków lotniskowych na kontynencie europejskim w ujęciu historyczno-militarnym oraz wiedzy „niejawnej” - odnoszącej się bezpośrednio do drogowych odcinków lotniskowych.

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Development of a Utility Vehicle Express System Framework Using Design Thinking Process for the Province of Albay

Author(s): Emmanuel Isaiah Z. Detera,Ibrahim F. Hanbal / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Utility vehicle express or locally known as UV Express is a key mode of transportation in Albay, Philippines, offers cost-effective connectivity between urban and suburban areas. Composed of vans operating point-to-point from terminals, it serves routes connecting Legazpi with surrounding municipalities like Tabaco, Ligao, and Polangui. Its affordability and efficiency cater to students and workers, supporting both educational and economic activities. However, challenges such as overcrowding, long waits, and inconsistent scheduling persist, highlighting the need for service improvements. This study aims to address these issues through design thinking process that includes identifying the issues and tracing its root causes through 5 Why Analysis. A proposed framework is developed to modernize UV Express operations by replacing manual processes with digital solutions like a Booking System, GPS tracking, and passenger feedback integrated into a mobile app. This initiative enhances operational efficiency, aligns services with evolving transportation trends, and fosters competitiveness. Moreover, it prepares UV Express for further advancements, including usability assessments through pilot testing of the mobile application in Albay.

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Universal design in transport

Author(s): Beata Stasiak-Cieślak,Iwona Grabarek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The article presented development directions in product, devices and service design related to ensuring broader accessibility for all users, with a particular focus on transportation. In this aspect, the requirements recorded in both national and international legal acts related to accessibility, including accessibility in transport, were reviewed. Compliance the analyzed regulations requires a human-centric approach to the design of means of transport, which in turn increases the likelihood of their wider use by people with various mobility needs.. However, this necessitates the designer’s knowledge of the needs and limitations of end users. Special attention was paid to the concept of Universal Design (UD), based on the 7 principles formulated by Ronald Mace. Examples of technical solutions from the field of transportation innovation based on the principles of Universal Design were presented. The application of such an approach was also demonstrated in individual transportation – a vehicle accessible to drivers with limited lower limb mobility. In the summary, the authors emphasize that the devices available on the market are designed with wide customization possibilities in mind, without the need for extensive modifications. Therefore, most of these devices can be used by a wide range of people with disabilities, consistent with Universal Design principles.

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Transport accessibility changes in metropolitan regions: high-speed rail connection frequency estimation

Author(s): Martin Vrána,Petr Hlisnikovský,Vilém Pařil,Simona Surmařová,Jan Ilík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article focuses on a very narrowly specific segment of this issue, considering the impacts of HSR in the long term, not as transport arteries connecting the most important metropolitan areas but, on the contrary, as an internal factor of development within a metropolitan region. The paper aims to transfer the present operational European HSR commuting connection frequency experience to a generally applicable frequency estimation formula. Through a quantitative approach, the research analyses the total sample of 1,446 train connections from 10 European metropolitan regions. It answers the secondary research question of what the range of accessibility change between the metropolitan core and the intermediate city is after introducing HSR connection inside metropolitan regions in the time of 1 hour of journey. The estimation model formula calculates the optimal number of HSR connections between the metropolitan core and intermediate city in the HSR developing countries. It is derived and verified from the analysed dataset values. The potential operational change scenarios are presented and described based on the example of 34 metropolitan city pairs.

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Financial determinants of mode substitution in residents’ travel behaviour: a case study of public bike-sharing in Lodz, Poland

Author(s): Justyna Trippner-Hrabi,Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz,Szymon Wójcik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Bike-sharing networks have achieved considerable success in many cities worldwide, gaining a growing number of supporters for this mode of transportation. While the existing literature covers various aspects related to bike-sharing, the exploration of the relationship between these networks and the financial benefits for residents when transitioning to cycling has been somewhat limited. Therefore, the main objective of our article is to identify the factors influencing urban residents’ decisions to switch to cycling and to understand the significance of financial considerations in shaping changes in travel behaviour.We assessed the perceived affordability of bike-sharing services by measuring respondent satisfaction (via Computer Assisted Personal Interviews – CAPI) with the rental prices of city bicycles. To examine the relationships between variables, we employed statistical tests, including the Fisher test, the chi-square test of independence, and the Mann-Whitney test. Our research findings confirmed that replacing public transportation with bicycles has the most substantial impact, while substituting car trips has a relatively minor effect. Furthermore, our analysis revealed statistically significant associations between price satisfaction and the decision to abandon car travel in favour of cycling, as well as the motivation to save costs and substituting walking and public transport with bicycle travel.

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Learning from failures: employing fault tree analysis and reliability block diagram to investigate the two deadliest peacetime marine disasters

Author(s): Nadar SHAH / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Aim: This study aims to investigate the root causes of the MS Estonia and Doña Paz maritime disastersand to derive interdisciplinary lessons that can enhance the safety and reliability of maritime operations.Design/Research methods: The study takes a case study approach and adopts Labib & Read’s (2013)framework for learning from failures. This study addresses the following questions: a) What technicalfactors contributed to the MS Estonia and Doña Paz maritime disasters? b) What human andorganizational factors played a role in these maritime disasters? c) How do the reliability andvulnerability of individual components influence the overall safety and failure risk of MS Estonia andDoña Paz? To answer these questions, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Reliability Block Diagram (RBD)techniques are employed. These methods are used to identify a range of technical, organizational, andhuman factors that contributed to these accidents and to assess the reliability and vulnerability ofindividual components affecting the safety and failure risk of the vessels.Conclusions/findings: The analysis revealed that multiple factors, including technical failures, humanerrors, and organizational shortcomings, contributed to the disasters. The study found that the emergencyresponse and search and rescue systems were particularly vulnerable, where a failure in any componentcould lead to system-wide failure. Based on these findings, evidence-based recommendations wereproposed to enhance safety management practices, regulations, and oversight in the maritime industry.Originality/value of the article: This study underscores the importance of a systemic approach tolearning from failures. It highlights the necessity of addressing technical, human, and organizationalfactors in maritime safety and provides a framework for future research and improvements in safetymanagement practices. The findings offer valuable insights for maritime organizations aiming to enhancetheir safety protocols and prevent future disasters.

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