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The paper deals with imagery that constitute the base of phraseological similes with the semantics of ‘very similar’ on the basis of material from different languages.
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The article analyses the general vocabulary and phrases in Bachelor’s theses. 125 Bachelor’s theses in Social Sciences and 125 Bachelor’s theses in Technology Sciences were analysed. The aim was to identify and compare general words and phrases they form that were relevant to Bachelor’s theses. A mixed method was used to analyse the works: statistical analysis of word frequencies (using AntConc programme functions: word lists and clusters / n-grams) and qualitative analysis of typical phrases. The nouns and lexical bundles were used to extract phrases. The study of lexical bundles with general nouns in context reveals that although the genre of Bachelor’s theses is the same, the variety and variants of phrases differ in the texts of different scientific fields. This shows that general words in academic language may not be equally relevant to different fields of science. On the other hand, the number of phrases with general words differs. In technology Bachelor’s theses, the variety of phrases is smaller and their variability is lower; likewise, they are more idiomatic. On the contrary, in social sciences, phrases with general words are more diverse and have greater variance. This article displays only one way how the phrases relevant to academic language can be identified. Although this method of research is a time consuming process, it guarantees greater objectivity based on statistical analysis.
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The paper focuses on how extra-sentential code-switching occurs when the increasingly multimodal social networks employ and foster the hybrid features of Internet language, especially when it involves idiomatic expressions. The social network “Twitter” has been selected to qualitatively research how English idiomatic expressions are embedded into the matrix of Lithuanian texts by means of extra-sentential code-switching. Six examples are chosen to reflect the flexibility and variety of linguistic features surrounding this process and the diversity of structures resulting from it. An analysis of the examples reveals that there are three main ways of doing so: unmodified idioms, slightly modified idioms, and Lithuanised idioms. This work aims to contribute new observations to the descriptive and analytical aspects of linguistic code-switching research. The work, however, does not include extended commentary of its general effect on language, speakers, and culture.
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The subject of the current paper is the cognitive linguistic analysis of archaic Hungarian idioms with the component kutya (’dog’), with the goal of determining whether these idioms share common characteristics that could explain which factors may lead to the disappearance of idioms from the standard language. The analysis of archaic idioms showed that several cognitive phenomena may contribute to an idiom falling out of use, which, in the case of the analyzed idioms, include a change in the prototype of the concept of DOG, the reduction of the VILLAGE frame, as well as the disappearance of certain concepts from the contemporary Hungarian speakers' conceptual systems.
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The article presents an analysis of the acoustic features of birdsong particular to the Bubo bubo and Carduelis spinus species and a comparison of those features and lexicalized Polish onomatopoeic phrases. Measurements applied in the investigation are the formant structure, RMS and pitch contour. The study focuses on the transient state of signal in order to verify the appropriateness of initial segments within conventional Polish onomatopoeic phrases. The hypothesis of similar frequencies reflected by the vocalic segments within the frame of one unit is verified by means of spectrographic pictures. Some examples of Hungarian onomatopoeic phrases are given in the comparative perspective.
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The developments in Cognitive Linguistics have made it possible to uncover multiple meanings of composite structures to the effect that more and more scholars have become interested in the issue of semantic relations in verb-particle constructions. With only a handful of those focusing on both elements of such constructions, many of them have directed their research towards the study of particles exclusively. The current paper aims to advance the study on phrasal verbs by offering a new outlook on their compositional nature. In order to achieve a desired aim, the principle of partial compositionality is adopted here. Hence, apart from focusing on both the verb and the particle, the senses that go beyond those comprising the composite parts receive considerable attention in this study. The phrasal verbs singled out for the purpose of the analysis include: get and take with selected spatialorientational particles.
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This paper discusses three basic legal terms describing forms of sexual activity, i.e. czynność seksualna (sexual act), obcowanie płciowe (sexual intercourse), and inna czynność seksualna (another sexual act). The overview was made against generalised concepts of prawa seksualne (sexual rights) and wolność seksualna i obyczajność (sexual freedom and decency). Consideration was given to pragmatic bipolarity of all terms, which assumed the form of torts or interests protected by law in legal texts and texts of the law. It was also noticed that there was no consistency in the methods of determining the meanings of the examined units in terms of jurisdiction and views of legal academics and therefore the study made an attempt at defining the indicated terms by capturing and interpreting ontological characteristics, which separate each concept semantically. The methodological structure was the linguistic and systemic criterion, which enabled the analysis of the identified terms in accordance with the special pragmatics of legal discourse.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of dialectal phraseological units with foreign components (Romanian, German, Polish, Hebrew, Hungarian) recorded in the dictionary entitled “Phraseologisms and Paroemias of the Chernivtsi Region” (Фразеологізми та паремії Чернівеччини, 2017) from the point of view of their number, presence in modern local dialect and membership in certain semantic groups. It was established that borrowed elements referring to household items and those that function as regional synonyms of Ukrainian components in the structure of dialectal phraseological units are the most frequently used ones. The most frequent elements in the analysed linguistic material are groups of words borrowed from Romanian, German and Polish. The study material indicates the absence of complete correlation in the dynamics of borrowings on the lexical and phraseological levels: in most cases the componential composition of popular colloquial phraseology is subordinate to their emotional-evaluative and expressive functions.
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The article presents a couple of pragmasemantic directions of the usage of the fixed comparative constructions containing names of plants, animals, birds and insects. The language facts in canonical form – i.e. structured around like as the phrase index – were analysed from more viewpoints: formally, as to their source fields, stilistically; our analysis was followed by an in-depth research of article titles where such structures occur with a modified structure.
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Continuities and Discontinuities in the Translations of Prepositional Phrases in Medieval Biblical Texts. In this work we present an analysis of prepositional phrases in two contemporary translations, Biblia prealfonsí and the biblical part of General Estoria 4, on the basis of the Book of Ecclesiasticus. The aim of this study is to describe the state of variation of prepositional phrases in 13th century, delineating the similarities and divergences of solutions, and also to try to elucidate how much interferes the original Latin text, Vulgata, in the use of the prepositional phrases.
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Adverbials with Adjectival Basis in Brazilian Portuguese and Their Frequency in Spoken and Written Language. The present paper focuses on the use of adverbs with an adjectival lexical base in spoken and written present-day Brazilian Portuguese. We compare the frequencies of three different types of adverbials: adverbs in mente (e.g. absolutamente), adjective-adverbs (e.g. alto in falar alto ‘speak loudly’) and prepositional phrases with adjectives as the post-prepositional element (e.g. de novo), the latter being the main focus of this study. The analysis is based on the Discurso & Gramática-corpus, which consists of oral interviews of 170 informants and their written texts on the same topic as the one in the interviews. The data shows that prepositional phrases are less frequent (in terms of type and token frequency) than adjective-adverbs and adverbs ending in mente. Regarding the difference between spoken and written language, adverbs in mente occur remarkably more often in written texts while adjective-adverbs are more frequent in spoken language. Prepositional phrases, instead, occur equally in both codes. Finally, we draw the conclusion that prepositional phrases form a small but stable inventory of lexicalised forms, which are not marked for any code.
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Notes for the History of a Phraseology of American Spanish. This paper presents the characteristics that would define the historical Hispano-American phraseology as opposed to the European Spanish one. Phraseology is one of the areas in which the greatest variation is perceived among the different Hispanic countries. In this paper I will try to point out the main historical foundations that would explain this variation and the characteristics assumed by what we call the indian or colonial phraseology. This would be the origin of what today we can consider a phraseological Americanism, which presents some characteristics that allow establishing its historical study differentiated from the European Spanish and justifies the necessary diastematic vision of the general historical phraseology of the Spanish language.
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Review: Anita Pavić Pintarić, Deutsche und kroatische Idiome kontrastiv: Eine Analyse von Ausdruck und Funktion, Peter Lang Edition, Frankfurt am Mein, 2015., 153 str., jezik: njemački. Reviewed by Gordana Čupković.
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Die vorliegende Abhandlung befasst sich mit der Schwankung des grammatischen Genus von Substantiven in der kroatischen Sprache. Das breit angelegte Korpus bietet Einblick in Ausmaße dieser Problematik, aber auch in Möglichkeiten weiterer Forschungen. Durch Unterteilung von Substantiven schwankenden Geschlechts, die es etwa an die hundert gibt, in Untergruppen wurde der Versuch unternommen, die wichtigsten Ursachen und Charakteristika der Genusschwankung von Substantiven im Kroatischen festzulegen.
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It has been twenty years since the very first theoretical book in the phraseology of the Bosnian language. Many papers have been written since then – and they show high interest in the treasure of the Bosnian language and the linguistic discipline of phraseology itself. Most of the papers have contrastive analysis at the core of the research, therefore they contribute to contrastive phraseology of the Bosnian language. There is a significant number of papers that apply modern methods of cognitive linguistic approach. However, this paper analyzes the phraseology practices of dictionaries created in the period after Frazeologija bosanskoga jezika by Ilijas Tanović was published in 2000. We would like the discover the very own mosaic of twenty years old phraseology development in the Bosnian language. This paper tries to preserve the memory of the most important book in Bosnian phraseology, which begins serious scientific phraseology work in recent Bosnian history. Namely, Frazeologija bosanskoga jezika (2000)itself contains a very important list of idioms. This paper analyzes dictionaries that have been announced as “phraseological”. It also analyzes dictionaries categorized as “Bosnian” according to Gramatika bosanskoga jezika (2000). Also, this paper will examine studies that also contain dictionaries of idioms and books with dictionaries that are very much involved in general topics of phraseology.
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U ožujku ove godine objavljena je u izdanju KNJIGRE nevelika ali vrijedna knjižica Željke Fink Arsovski, Barbare Kovačević i Anite Hrnjak pod naslovom Bibliografija hrvatske frazeologije s podnaslovom + CD s popisom frazema analiziranih u znanstvenim i stručnim radovima u desnom donjem kutu lijepe i živopisne naslovnice.
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In this paper the author proves that the meaning of purpose always contains a neutralized causal meaning, which is corroborated by prepositional phrases with the syntactic function of adverbial of purpose. On the complex sentence level the author suggests shifts in the comprehension of the same meaning – that of purpose – especially regarding the choice of tense in the subordinate purpose clause.
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Functional styles show differences in the occurrence and use of a number of language features. In this paper the authors analyze different usage of phraseological units in different language styles, ranging form styles in which phraseological units are rare or nonexistent to the styles in which phraseological units are extremely common, and form an important language characteristic of the style. Phraseological units are especially frequent in the journalistic style. This style is especially interesting for researchers of phraseology as new phraseolgical units first occur in this style.
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The publishing of Hrvatski frazeološki rječnik (Croatian Phraseological Dictionary) gave the occasion to again raise the issue of conversion in the Croatian language and of its reflection on the orthography, to analyze the bounds between the lexeme and the idiom and to suggest capitalization in idioms with some constituent parts used as names (na sveto Nikada).
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This Article deals with the expressions containing the component salomonski. It is shown on a number of examples that the expression (Phraseme) salomonsko rješenje is a part of the language tradition and therefore must find its place in dictionaries.
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