(Не)познатият език: Гергьовден при бесарабските българи

Author(s): Svetlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Folk-calendar terminology is an expression of the national specificity of cultures. This makes its studying promising within the framework of the tendencies for ‘European-style thinking’ which have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. The article examines St. George’s Day customs and rituals in their ethnolinguistic aspect. G’erg’ewd’en (Vch, Cub, Chsh), G’ergyovd’en (A, G, Kam, Dl, Z), G’ergyochd’en (A) , G’ergyouud’en(Kr), Gyorguvd’en (Kul), Gyorguud’en (R), Gerg’ofden (Cyr), G’argyovd’an (DN), Gergiuden (Or) – the largest and richest – in a ritual sense – spring religious vestive-ritual complex of the Bessarabian Bulgarians, which is celebrated on the 6th of May (on the 23rd of April old style) and is dedicated to the Christian saint George, who is – in the folk tradition – the protector of shepherds and flocks. The paper attempts to systematize and explore the peculiarities of the cultural dialect associated with St. George’s Day ritual sequence.

„A lélek: ház, s az utak a lélekerők.”

Eckhart mester misztikus nyelve

Author(s): Ferenc Bányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2015

This study focuses on metaphors in the mysticism of Meister Eckhart (1260-1328). The role of the building – related metaphors was proved on his Latin works, vernacular treatises and sermons using the method of the conceptual theory of metaphor. In the research the connections in relation to these metaphors were established and from elements of the target domain the system was constructed and thus the hidden structure of Eckhart’s thought analyzed. Findings of this study demonstrate metaphors’ work in the understanding and in the translation, furthermore enable modern readers to enter into a discussion with mysticism through the Eckhartian language.

ANALYSE STYLISTIQUE DE LA MÉTAPHORE IN ABSENTIA DANS LE NOIR N’EST POINT NOIR D’ALBERT DEBONY

Author(s): Gomongo Nargawélé SILUÉ / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2018

Metaphor is the result of an imaged language use by which at a semantic level one compares two terms that belong to different domains. In its structure, irrespetive of the metaphorized item belonging to literary discourse or not, we talk about metaphor in praesentia or in absentia, lively or dead, simple or continued… As such, the domain of realization of the metaphor is surely the literary. If it is also true that the stylistic analysis, in accordance with the stylistic approach proposed by Georges Molinié, aims to describe what determines the literary nature of the discourse, then we are entitled to infer that metaphor, especially in absentia, ceases to be a simple trope because generated by an analogical transfer of denomination, as well as what can render its literary character to the discourse of Albert Debony, through its strong occurrence.

Christmas Trees, Pigs and Catwalks: A Brief Look at Oil and Gas Metaphors

Author(s): Stefania Alina Cherata / Language(s): English / Issue: XVIII/2017

Metaphor is generally defined as a form of transfer that suggests a relation of similarity between two entities. Specialist literature features a complex debate whose focus lies on the question as to whether metaphors reproduce similarities or generate them. A number of metaphor theorists have argued against the assumption that metaphors express already existing similarities between ‘objects’. They have shown that metaphors do not need to refer to real-world entities in order to be interpretable. There are situations when a metaphor can be meaningful even if the similarity underlying it does not have a correspondent in immediate reality. Based on this, Weinrich (1968) argues that the similarities expressed in metaphors are not simply present in the natural world, but are created by the metaphors themselves. However, he adds that such similarities cannot be regarded as completely subjective constructs, but that they represent perspectives which people bring in their interaction with their environment. The present paper demonstrates the validity of this hypothesis by carrying out a comparative analysis of selected metaphors from the field of oil and gas in English and Romanian. The variety of metaphors which express the same semantic content cross-linguistically and sometimes within the same language illustrates precisely this phenomenon.

Comparative Analysis of the Textual Competence of Bulgarian Students in English as a Foreign Language, and in Bulgarian

Author(s): Albena Nikolova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

This article aims to present a comparative analysis of the textual competence of Bulgarian students in English as a foreign language, and in Bulgarian. The corpus includes narrative and argumentative essays in English and Bulgarian, on the basis of which the tested persons’ skills in both languages are assessed. The texts are analyzed against criteria such as text structure, macro structure and cohesion. Attention is paid to language facts such as vocabulary/lexis, grammar,phraseology and syntactic structures.

DUVAR YAZILARINA BİÇEMBİLİM VE GÖSTERGEBİLİM AÇISINDAN BİR BAKIŞ

Author(s): Rezan Karakas / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 49/2018

Within this study, street writings identified in Siirt province were analysed drawing upon stylistics and semiotics. It is observed that street writings, as a product of the social life, are considered as a character of “discourse”. With this respect, this study can also be considered as a discourse analysis. Texts obtained from the street writings vary due to their structures and express perspectives from different writers. In this study, the focus was on to discover what type of functions street writings have in interpersonal communication and what type of meanings they arouse in readers’ minds. When analysing the street writings, not only linguistic structures of text but also non-linguistic and meta-language structures were taken into consideration. There was an explanation on figures of speech (rhetoric) such as simile, metaphor and contrast which constitute the backbone of the street writings, various deviations, symbols and intertextual relations, and messages within these writings were interpreted. Thus, the door to the mysterious world of the street writings as an output of the relation and interaction of the person with both him/herself and other individuals was opened slightly.

Elipsa si bazë e emërzimit kontekstual të mbiemrit në gjuhën shqipe

Author(s): Leonard Dauti / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2016

In this article we offer a different approach from the prescriptive one of the traditional grammar to the case of the first group of nominalised adjectives in Albanian. Our main goal is to explain how the process of contextual nominalisation is realised and under which syntactic restrictions it takes place. To get nominalised an adjective must be in attributive relation to the noun inside a DP, and the noun itself must be object of ellipsis. In this case the adjective itself moves to the Do position of DP to join there the definite or indefinite determiner. This leads to a hybrid construction, in which the adjective has joined the endings of the name, its paradigmatic inflection. This construction can be subject of the sentence, complement, object and prepositional complement. The adjective can be modified by comparative adverbs (më i madhi “the bigger”) which is an indication of its adjectival status, while the modification by adjectives and relative clauses is an indication of noun status (i vogli i qethur shkurt, e madhja që rrinte ulur). This construction is obtained in discourse, so we have to take in consideration textual factors that influence the process of nominalisation. In this hybrid construction the determiner establishes the anaphoric relation of the adjective to the noun. This is obligatory to maintain the continuity of the textual reference and to provide the semantic structure of the sentence. We see the nominalization of adjectives as an obligatory process dictated by the needs of the discourse, and not as an optional phenomenon used just for stylistic purposes. The model of adjective nominalisation described in this article is also convenient for describing the process of possessive pronouns nominalisation in Albanian, which happens under the same syntactic conditions.

Español neutro — español latino: Hacia una norma hispanoamericana en los medios de comunicación

Author(s): Antonio María López González / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 5/2019

Within the framework of the varieties of the Spanish language in America, there has been built a linguistic variety, popularly known as Latin Spanish, commonly used in the international media, audiovisual productions and in the dubs made in Latin America. This article aims to analyse the concept of neutral or Latin Spanish (español neutro and español latino), its role as a standard Spanish-American variety, its fields of use, as well as its linguistic characteristics.

Grammatical Synonymy with Adverbs and Adverbials in English and Romanian

Author(s): Anca Florina Lipan / Language(s): English / Issue: XVIII/2017

Although not as popular as lexical synonymy, grammatical synonymy is equally important and yet not very much analyzed. Terms such as “equivalent pairs of sentences” or“parallel constructions” are used in the specialized literature, fact which points to the still little approval of the term of grammatical synonymy. The present paper will give a brief account of the synonymy at the level of adverbs and adverbials. The existence of synonymy seems to be proven not only at the level of the relationship established between adverbs and other word classes and their capability of replacing each other in structures conveying similar meanings, but it is obvious that translation is another source of synonymy between different languages or between different translations of the same source text, which is worth exploring.

HALİL EFENDİ’NİN LÜBBÜ’N-NESÂYIH ADLI ESERİNİN ŞEKİL VE MUHTEVA ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Abdülmecid Islamoglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 26/2012

Halil Efendi's Lubb al-nasâ’ih is a poetic work written in the genre of nasîhat-nâme/pend-nâme, a genre that gives good counsel. We were not able to reach solid information about Halil Efendi's life, but based on Lubb al-nasâ’ih we can say that he was a highly qualified Sufi poet wellversed in oriental culture and literature. The work is written in the mathnawî form, though its name is not listed in the scholarly catalogues in the field. As far as we know, there are two hand-written manuscripts of Lubb al-nasâ’ih. The book does not include any chapter or subject headings, but without any systematic order it talks about acts of worship, human relations, general ethical principles, knowledge, social critique, and the like. In addition to the Qur‟an and hadiths, proverbs and maxims represent the main sources of Lubb al-nasâ’ih. In this essay, we focus on the stylistic features and content analysis of the work, as well as its main historical sources.

I lektori griješe

Author(s): Velimir Laznibat / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/1980

Pisan je ovaj rad sa lektorskog gledišta i iz iskustva. U njemu se bavim pogreškama koje lektori propuštaju i kojih, na žalost, nije mali broj. Zato je ovaj napis praktične naravi. Mada je »bavljenje« jezikom apstraktna djelatnost, lektorski je rad konkretan posao. To je razlog više da ovaj napis bude konkretan, s primjerima.

Imperfekat u djelu Isaka Samokovlije

Author(s): Stevan Stefanovic / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 2/1983

Dans ce travail on a etudie le fonctionnement de l'imparfait – sur le plan syntaxique et stylistique – dans l'oeuvre d'Isak Samokovlija, conteur contemporain de Bosnie-Herzegovine. Sur 1300 pages de texte on a trouve 112 exemples d'imparfait, dont 40 du verbe etre et 72 touts les autres verbes. Le corpus analyse a fait voir que cette forme est en vole de disparition, ce qui est conforme a l'etat actuel du serbocroate. On a aussi constate que l'imparfait est une des formes des plus expressives dans l'oeuvre d'Isak Samokovlija.

Jednakost akuzativa s nominativom ili genitivom u jednini imenica prve vrste

Author(s): Mevlida Garic / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 3-4/1975

Akuzativ jednine imenica i vrste prvobitno je bio jednak nominativu. Postepeno je došlo do diferenciranja u upotrebi, pa kada ove imenice označavaju nešto neživo, imaju akuzativ jednak nominativu, a kada označavaju nešto živo, imaju akuzativ jednak genitivu. Međutim, u praksi nije uvijek tako, mnogi slučajevi se ne mogu podvesti pod ovo pravilo.

Jezičke pouke

Author(s): S. M. / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 2/1977

Ко кога тестира? — Једној спортској вијести Политика je дала сљедећи наслов: Младост и Партизан тестирају Вашаш и Хонвед у Будимпешти. Међутим, у тексту те вијести стоји: »Тако ће два реномирана клуба нашег северног суседа на известан начин тестирати наше клубове пред учешће у купу«. Из овога je јасно да he ватерполисти Младости и Партизана бити тестирани од стране Вашаша и Хонведа. А да ли je то јасно из наслова? Не би се рекло.

Kolokacijska i kritička stilska analiza pojmova u domeni dijelovi tijela u romanima gotike

Author(s): Milea Ajduk-Kurtovic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 27/2019

The paper will analyze language structures of the terms that may be classified into the group of BODY PARTS in four novels of Gothic prose, putting the word as the basis for the analysis of a literary text without considering its artistic value. The aim of the research is to establish the frequency of these terms, to determine their collocability, to single out the metaphors with the domains of the terms from this group and to prove the connections between the linguistic form and the ideological meaning of the corpus of texts specific for the Gothic period. The nouns Arms, Ears, Eyes, Face, Foot, Hand, Head, Heart, Lips and Blood, that will be analyzed, are at the same time the most frequent ones in these novels, and as such they impose themselves with the number and ideological meaning, and are as such one of the proofs of the characteristics of the language of the researched corpus. The corpus of the research includes the singled-out Gothic novels: Dracula (STOKER, BRAM); Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (STEVENSON, ROBERT LOUIS); Frankenstein (SHELLEY, MARY); Jane Eyre (BRONTË, CARLOTTE). The characteristics of the Gothic period are: fear, darkness, wrath, supernatural and death. The paper will try to prove that just the adjectives forming collocations with these nouns, such as the description of eyes or lips, are one of the ways to describe these conditions. The paper is based on earlier researches in the field of text analysis by the method of critical stylistic analysis that offers a set of analytical actions by means of which we can discover the ideologies hidden in the text. The metaphors will be analyzed at a semantic-cognitive level according to the theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The advantage of critical stylistics is the fact that the frequency of the use of a certain term and its collocations, and the conceptual metaphors created by nouns, with the use of connected tools, make possible the identification of characteristics and ideology of the literary corpus being researched.

KUR’ÂN’DA TEŞBİHLİ ANLATIM ÜSLÛBU

Author(s): Muhammed Aydin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 4/2001

There are various stylistic features in the Qur’an These features contribute greatly to the understanding and the clarification of the Qur’an. One of the most significant stylistic features is certainly the similitude. The similitude is a very helpful way for the remembrance of the Qur’anic data. In this article we concentrate on the importance of this stylistic device in the Qur’an. In addition, we try to show that the similitude plays a very important role in the understanding of the Glories Qur’an.

KUR’ÂN’IN FONETİK İ‘CÂZI

Author(s): Alican Dagdeviren / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 20/2009

The Quran is unique in its style, phonetics, words structure and many other aspects that never changed thorough out the history. One important dimension of the Quranic ijaz is to address not only to minds but also with its special acoustic and musicality to the ears and hearts of the listener. The structure of the letters, their various other features have a great richness of phonetics. Vocal harmony indicates how beautiful this harmony too. Complementarity of sound and discourse is very well known caracteristic in the Quran. The rules of tajwid is key term in the recitation of the Quran. If one cannot read the Qur’an in accordance with its rules of tajwid, many features of the Qur’anic recitation will be lost in this performance. This is similar to the poetry which is written in accordance with the rule of poetic measure. The endings and beginnings of the verses, the fawasil of the verses, thematic and rhythmical harmony among the Qur’anic passages have great impact on the listeners. Furthermore, everyone, whether fluent Arabic speakers or non-Arabic speakers, can see, feel and appreciate this impact.

La critique de cinéma comme outil rhétorique de persuasion

Author(s): Dominika Topa-Bryniarska / Language(s): French / Issue: 5/2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine emotional argumentation in the context of discursive strategies of persuasion, exploiting the rhetorical parameters of movere and delectare that govern the persuasive enterprise rooted in the deliberative dimension of film reviews. Based on one hundred reviews of three French popular comedies the author proposes to identify linguistic units related to the principle of affective and conative assignment of intensifying attribution and identification. Thus it is possible to lock the addressee in the discursive universe created by the addresser, which in many respects resembles the techniques used in the advertising argumentation.

LA MÉTAPHORE COMME FIGURE D’EXPRESSION DU CONFLIT RACIAL DANS LA CROIX DU SUD DE JOSEPH NGOUÉ

Author(s): Omer T TAKAM / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2018

This article deals with metaphor seen as the key figure at the core of the process of meaning generation concerning the conflict that opposes the black race to the white one in The Southern Cross. The figure takes on various expressive configurations in expressing the danger speakers of both races face, each one appearing dangerous, able to destroy their adversary. The Black use it to unveil the monstrous inhumanity of the White towards them, while the White employ it to portray the Black as a worthless human being. The clash of the two races allows us to perceive the black victory and their possible freedom from the white chain. This is the meaning intended to be provided by this study through a stylistic approach.

Lidhja semantike mes titullit dhe informacionit të shtjelluar në gazetat online

Author(s): Shpresa Dorda / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 37/2018

In more than two decades the Albanian language is faced with some rapid changes, which areas a result from outside linguistics factors, and affect directly in the way of perception of Albania language from the Albanians speakers. One of the groups persons that are likely to transmit more fast to the reader, with faster frequency in Albania language are journalists,especially journalists online media. This comes as a result of some factors.Firstly, online newspaper are dominant in the trade and convincinglymany in numbers.Second, it seemed that most of the Albanians speakers dispose more than one connection way with online newspapers, are more achievable by the Albanians speakers and more often readable by them, as a result they have a great influence.Third, taking informations through online newspapers is more feasiblein record time from the time that occurrence the event, and the way of distribution in a very little time reaches a number sufficiently high readers.Fourth, the access at online media information is possible every moment of the day where the only condition to be completed is to have internet connection.One of the issues that I have noticed and it is seemed to me interesting to be study recently is that, semantics that conduct through the way of construction of the information tittle, in online newspaper, there is no connections at all with semantics or the events that described or elaborated in the text of the informations.Taking into considerations all the reasons of the list above, which they bring us in the conclusions that online mediaand the way or accuracy of conductions of the informations affect directly and have a great affections to the Albanians speakers, so even this form of tittle constructions affect powerful to the readers.During the studies is noticed that this trend to decide a “bombastic” tittle without much connections with the informations has taken a wide extensionin all online newspaper. For this reasonthe evolving of this phenomenon , listing the reasons, the factors which brings this phenomenon and it’s consequencesat the readers, has led in the interesting conclusions