Rhetorical structure of promotional genres: The case of research article and conference abstracts

Author(s): Deividas Zibalas,Jolanta Šinkūnienė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper focuses on the rhetorical structure of research article and conference abstracts in Linguistics. The study employs quantitative and qualitative analysis and is based on a self-compiled corpus of abstracts from two prestigious linguistic journals (Linguistics and The Journal of Linguistics) and conference abstracts from the 49th Annual Meeting of the international society of linguists Societas Linguistica Europaea. The results show that the key moves (‘Background’, ‘Purpose’, ‘Methods’, ‘Results’) are distributed fairly similarly across the two types of abstracts; however, the ways they are employed are not always similar. Two additional moves were identified in our data set (‘Niche Opening’ and ‘Announcing Position’), which signal different promotional strategies employed by researchers.

Emotive speech acts and their discourse modifications in the literary text

Author(s): Svitlana Zhabotynska,Nataliia Slyvka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This article focuses on three related theoretical problems: classification of expressive speech acts that till present remains a highly disputable issue of linguistic pragmatics, specificity of emotives as a type of expressives, and the patterns of emotives’ modifications in the current discourse space as it is represented in the literary text. The authors suggest a classification of expressive speech acts built at the intersection of the cognitive (semantic), communicative and semiotic planes that demonstrate distinctions between the classes of behavitives and emotives and between their sub-classes. It is further presumed that emotives, when used in discourse, get modified in accordance with regular patterns compatible with the cognitive operations of elaboration, extension, questioning, and combining described in different cognitive linguistic conceptions. This presumption is confirmed via analysis of positive emotives portrayed in the literary text which, besides the character’s speech proper, describes the other discourse aspects relevant for the illocutionary meaning of a speech act. The patterns of discourse modifications exhibited by positive emotives as a congeneric sub-class are considered to be relevant for the other sub-classes of emotives – negative, bi-polar and ambivalent.

Verbal Humour in Screen Translation: Officer Crabtree’s Case with the Fronch and Hungarian Longwodge

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ajtony / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The present study aims to gain insight into the translation of audiovisual humour displayed in the verbal manifestations of Officer Crabtree, the fictional character in the BBC sitcom ‘Allo ‘Allo! (1982–1992), especially focusing on its Hungarian dubbed version of the series. Being a research domain with insights from audiovisual translation (AVT), humour studies, and discourse analysis, the article introduces the reader to AVT, more particularly, to dubbing, to research carried out in the domain of audiovisual humour, and to humour studies, especially focusing on incongruity and superiority theory. These theoretical elements are applied in the analysis of the corpus comprising the English voice track as source text (ST) and its Hungarian counterpart as target text (TT), highlighting the humorous effects achieved in both of them and especially pointing at the creative solutions translators resorted to in rendering the idiosyncratically mangled English texts into Hungarian. The analysis aims to provide counterexamples to the frequent claim that verbal humour is untranslatable.

Crisis and Language in Ray Bradbury’s The Last Night of the World

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ajtony / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Language use in social crisis situations is usually described as being highly ideological, and it exhibits features of affect involving the use of negative evaluation of the perceived social enemies. The present study aims to explore the characters’ language use in Ray Bradbury’s short story entitled The Last Night of the World from a pragma-stylistic perspective. The fictional dialogue that takes place between the two protagonists creates and reflects the dynamics between them, where the unspeakable is only inferred rather than communicated. The analysis reveals special features of verbal communication in a crisis situation, especially focusing on the lexical and morphosyntactic properties, as well as on the verbal interaction and cooperation between the characters revealing their alignment. The results of the analysis prove that the verbal and non-verbal communication between the protagonists do not show the features described in crisis communication; therefore, the text of the story can be interpreted as subverting the generic language use in a critical situation.

The Greek-Roman world of mythological names in the Purgatorio from Alighieri’s Commedia

Author(s): Alexander Kalashnikov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article examines the onymic space in the Purgatorio, cantica two of the Commedia by Alighieri. The article will argue that the variety of the mythological names (mythonyms) represented a quite numerous group of names serving to depict the then recent idea of Purgatory both in the regions of the second kingdom, i. e. Ante-Purgatory, Purgatory itself, as well as Earthly Paradise, which shows that the cantica contributed to spreading ancient myths in Renaissance culture. The ancient mythonyms are pre¬sented in every region of Purgatory, while the share of the ancient historical names is lower. Overall, though the onymic space in the cantica addressed the actual events contemporary to Alighieri, the mythology occupied a sufficient share in the Purgatorio.

Congruence de deux théories polyphoniques dans l’analyse stylistique des textes romanesques : intertextualité et dialogisme dans L’état z’héros ou la guerre des gaous de Maurice Bandaman

Author(s): Daouda Coulibaly / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2022

L’état z’héros is a work in which Maurice Bandaman integrates the tale into the frame structure of the novel. Its discursivity is based on a number of oral intertexts including ritual songs, stanzas, opuses and references integrated in the form of a literary collage. At the narrative level, the voices of the narrators interact with those of the characters in dialogues and autonomous monologues by characters or narrators. These dialogic relationships highlight narrative metalepses that are polyphonic. It is one of the marks of literarity, the main driving force of stylistic analysis. The aims of this article are, firstly, to show that dialogism and intertextuality are two approaches echoing each other in the stylistic analysis of novelistic texts and, secondly, to prove that intertextual relations lead to polyphony and bring literarity to the fore.

ENGAGEMENT ET PRISE EN CHARGE ÉNONCIATIFS DANS LA SATIRE MÉDIATIQUE. ANALYSE D’UN CORPUS TIRÉ DU JOURNAL ÉLECTRONIQUE EL MANCHAR

Author(s): Sofiane Maizi,Naoual Bourkaib Saci / Language(s): French Issue: 38/2023

Media satire remains at the center of a public debate on the limits of freedom of expression. The present contribution proposes to analyze satirical articles from the newspaper El Manchar published between 2015 and 2020. It is interested, in a discourse analysis approach, in politically committed humor and in the possibility of amalgamation, in satire, between the humorous contract (with distancing) and the political-militant contract (without distancing). This study applies, consequently, to analyze the traces of the enunciative implication of the primary speaker-lecturers. It is particularly interested in the use of public insults and hyperbolic exaggeration. The analysis of the corpus of study reveals that this political satire offers a cathartic effect to release the anger and express the indignation of the satirists. It seems to become an instrument in the service of an ideology against the power in place and its close affiliates.

Uloga predstavljanja procesa u kritičkoj stilističkoj interpretaciji različitih tipova diskursa

Author(s): Marina Katnić-Bakaršić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

Contemporary critical stylistics emphasizes the important role of transitivity in the text and discourse. It can be argued that a speaker’s or writer’s choice of a verb can have important stylistic and ideological implications. The paper investigates transitivity and representing processes in general in various discourse types, both literary and non-literary ones.

Personálna deixa v publicistickom texte orientovanom na detského čitateľa

Author(s): Emma Dzurjová Pavlová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

The purpose of the expert’s contribution is to analyse, on the basis of the theory put forward by Milada Hirschová, the way in which the creation and use of personal deixis in child-directed texts is done. The texts analysed are part of the May edition of the Enviračik children’s magazine. The introduction defines personal deixis as M. Hirschová. The following chapter deals with the definition of children’s magazine and the distribution of the genres present in the magazines. The selected genres found in the selected monthly have been analysed in terms of creation and use of personal deixis. We have focused in particular on the editorial, which is characterised by direct contact with the addressee, and on the travel report, in which the author addresses the reader through an inclusive MY (US), in order to bring the selected tourist destinations closer to him. In the contribution, we also looked at the analysis of so-called ‘worksheets’, the challenges of the competition and the incentives for discussion that are regularly included in journals of this type. Finally, we look at the frequency of verbal persons in the texts we analyse and compare the occurrence of an inclusive and an exclusive MY.

Temporálnosť v jazyku mediálneho športu

Author(s): Jozef Mergeš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

The analysis of temporal characteristics of texts belonging to the communication sphere of media sports proves that the time dimension is an integral part of the communication register of media sports. The main goal of the study is the identification of words with the property of temporality, the categorization of given words and partly the interpretation of their occurrence or pointing out the relationships between them. Within the implementation of the given communication register, temporality is manifested through the plastic use of the grammatical category of time, but also through semiotically identifiable concepts or operations. As the most significant of them can be considered information about explicit time, verbalization of sequence, repetition, frequency, contextual anchoring of currently ongoing events, verbalization of reversal or unexpected event and borderline moments.

Interakční stylistika a její didaktické implikace

Author(s): Stanislav Štěpáník / Language(s): Czech Issue: 51/2022

The development of communication skills is an important and natural component of all school education. The fundamental question for language teaching is the selection of teaching content and its subsequent didactic transformation in order to serve best the development of pupilsʼ communication competency.The main interest of the study is the research of the transformation between the scientific discipline (stylistics), the curriculum and the pupil in the area of communication competency development on the example of writing. The author puts the main focus on the limits and possibilities of structural stylistics and new paradigms in stylistics (especially interactional stylistics), and puts these in relation with the ontogenesis of pupilsʼ writing skills. He argues that there is a need for change in the fundament used for creating the teaching and learning environment if the development of pupilsʼ communication competency is to be authentic, useful, viable – and that it is interactional stylistics that may serve as this fundament.

Štylistika v edukačnom kontexte alebo Prečo a ako učiť štylistiku (sloh)

Author(s): Anna Timková Lazurová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

In the article we focus on indicating the starting points for teaching stylistics (style) in primary and secondary schools in the context of the currently valid curriculum; however, we also approach them with regard to the announced changes in the upcoming curriculum reform. We rely on language teaching which is based on the communicative-cognitive principle – while the linguistic and stylistic components of the subject Slovak language (and literature) form an integral part of language teaching (they are not mutually exclusive). In everyday communication, often we do not realize that we use a wide range of texts when dealing with various life situations. In our consciousness, there is a set of ideas about text models which are formed by our own experience and school language and communication education. In ordinary life, a person learns about text forms through reception and production of texts unintentionally. In school students acquire systematized knowledge about the variability of text types through various text tasks of the reception and production type. Stylistic theory in its appropriate modifications has its place in the teaching of communication and style education, because the acquired stylistic knowledge has a positive impact on students' expression and affects their performance in a desired way.

Struktura filosofické mysli: ke stylovým charakteristikám jazykového ztvárnění myšlenek Jaroslava Peregrina

Author(s): Miloslav Vondráček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 51/2022

This paper is focused on the relationship between (post)structuralist philosophical thinking about language and mind, and between language as an instrument of such inquiry and a means of exteriorizing its results. This makes the topic important for both philosophers and linguists. I pay particular attention to Jaroslav Peregrinʼs text How we Constructed our own Mind. The text is part of the SYNv10 corpus. This enables a view of the popularization philosophical study through the prism of corpus statistics. I focus on the frequency of the parts of speech. I deal with the properties of the most frequent representatives of important parts of speech and their grammatical categories, especially the verbal person and relative pronouns. Particles are a means of introducing a human dimension into the text. The representation of particles for the certain modality is especially surprising. Modal verbs, indefinite pronouns and indefinite pronominal adverbs aid their effect.

Multimodálny štýl a porozumenie textu

Author(s): Katarína Vužňáková,Eva Gogová,Nikoleta Liptáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

Despite the fact that communication usually takes place on the basis of several modes, in the past the stylistics was mainly focused logocentrically, and multimodality was only discussed in linguistics in the 1990s. Nowadays, a specific picture-textual narrative, or a literary work, that is built on several semiotic models affecting the meaning and the sense of the story, begins to appear more often in literature for children and youth. As a result, the literary style, which is the subject of analyzes of literary science, criticism and linguistics, especially stylistics as a science of communication, acquires new attributes. Digitization and electronic transmission of information cause changes in the quality and quantity of the modes used in communication in general, and the participation in the multimodal way of communication increases. In the study, we deal with the definition of multimodality and the characteristics of the multimodal style of non-fiction literature, which are the starting points for research into the multimodal text comprehension at junior school age.

Tendencja do hiperbolizacji w kreowaniu rzeczywistości we współczesnych tekstach kultury na przykładzie internetowych artykułów informacyjnych

Author(s): Cecylia Galilej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2022

The subject matter of the analysis in this article is the phenomenon of hyperbolisation in mass media communication, which is often encountered in the public sphere. A hyperbola is a verbal construction (a rhetorical figure as well as a clue) with a special linguistic potential, often used for advertising, expressive, commentary, and ludic purposes. The impression of semantic excess and the process of creating the convention of the aesthetics of overstatement and exaggeration in the media message are ensured by specific linguistic means, including: appropriate types of lexis, phraseologisms, diverse metaphors, morphological measures, and a supra-linguistic context. It turns out that hyperbolisation is one of the linguistic determinants of mass culture. It makes the media message more attractive, strengthens its persuasive power, is emotional, fresh, and linguistically original. It also transmits certain values: cognitive, utilitarian, hedonistic, aesthetic, vital, ethical.

Poradnictwo językowe a uzis. Uwagi do uwag

Author(s): Mirosław Bańko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2023

Language and Stylistic Aspects of Karel Čapek’s Journalistic Writing: An Analysis of Hovory s T. G. Masarykem through the Method of Textual Linguistics

Author(s): Martina Mecco / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2022

The present contribution focuses on Karel Čapek’s Hovory s T.G. Masarykem to analyse its intrinsic structure by applying František Daneš’ model of thematic progressions (TP), ie. the choice and ordering of utterance themes, their mutual concatenation and hierarchy, as well as their relation to the hyperthemes of the superior text unit (such as paragraph, chapter, etc.), to the whole text, and to the situation. Thematic progression might be viewed as the skeleton of the plot. This contribution aims to identify the thematic progression patterns (simple linear, constant, with derived themes), in particular in the third part, focused on Masaryk’s thinking. Thanks to the identification of the thematic progressions, it is possible to ascertain the communicative intention of the author and to point out some formal aspects. Differently from the first two parts, in which the style is mainly narrative, in the third one the intention of Čapek is to reproduce the style of the president’s speeches. Putting in writing Masaryk’s thoughts, Čapek preserves the oral dimension and the stylistic originality of the speaker. Moreover, Masaryk himself contributed to the editing of the Hovory.

Kierunki językoznawczych badań mediów w Europie. Polska i jej sąsiedzi

Author(s): Iwona Loewe / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2022

The nature of this article is theoretical and methodological. The subject of the research presented in this article is the achievements of national linguists from Belarus, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia in the field of media research conducted over the last ten years. Considerations include the research subjects of media linguistics, methodologies, and specific methods used by researchers. The author carries out a synthesis which shows that the methodologies shaped by contemporary media linguistics include pragmalinguistics, linguistic stylistics, text linguistics, linguistic genology, and cultural linguistics. The synthesis also shows that the researchers use mainly modelling methods, related to the observation of linguistic, media and discursive worldview. The author emphasises the effectiveness of the first two methods in relation to traditional and electronic mass media, while the application of the category of discursive worldview brings, in her opinion, satisfactory cognitive effects in relation to the object of research defined as new media. The article also notes that in all of the Slavic studies presented, the influence of the media broadcaster on mass audiences is of interest. Media linguists assume that this influence exists and they develop means of achieving it. Styles of reception and the effects of media reception, on the other hand, are still not attracting the expected research interest.

POLISH LGBTQ+-RELATED ANGLICISMS IN A LANGUAGE CONTACT PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Alicja Witalisz / Language(s): English Issue: s1/2021

Research on anglicisms in Polish has nearly a century-long tradition, yet it was Jacek Fisiak’s 1960s–1980s studies on English loanwords that initiated continuous academic interest in anglicisms, coinciding with more intensive English-Polish language contact in post-war Poland. While English loans have been well-researched in the last four decades, the ongoing intensity of English lexical influence on Polish, yielding not only new loans but also new loan types, calls for further studies, especially in the area of quickly developing professional jargons and sociolects. The influx of English-sourced lexis is reflected in the diversity of semantic fields, whose number has grown from 18 (identified in Słownik warszawski 1900–1927) to 45 (Mańczak-Wohlfeld 1995). A semantic field that has been underresearched in studies on Polish anglicisms is the LGBTQ+- related lexis, which has drawn from American English gayspeak, shaped by the post-Stonewall gay rights movement initiated in the 1970s. The language data analysed in this study have been collected in a two-stage procedure, which included manual extraction of anglicisms sourced in a diversified corpus of LGBTQ+-related written texts, published in Polish between 2004 and 2020. The second stage involved oral interviews which served a verification function. The aim of this study is to contribute to the lexicographic attempts at researching English-sourced LGBTQ+-related vocabulary in Polish through its identification, excerption, and classification. Assuming an onomasiological approach to borrowing, we arrange LGBTQ+-related anglicisms on a decreasing foreignness scale to identify the borrowing techniques adopted by the recipient language speakers in the loan nativization process. We also address issues related to the identification and semantics of loans, and sketch areas of research on loan pragmatic functions that need further studies.

Das Handlungsmuster WÜRDIGEN und seine Realisierung in der Textsorte „Akademische Festschrift“

Author(s): Mikaela Petkova-Kessanlis / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the realization of the complex communicative action pattern of appreciating in exemplars of the text type ‘academic festschrift’. First, speech and non-speech acts are identified that act as means of performing the communicative act of appreciation. Then, discourse and non-discourse acts of emphasis are recorded, which serve to construct or signal the reputation of the jubilarian. Since the text type ‘academic festschrift’ is controversial in the German-speaking scientific community, the paper also addresses the criticism of festschriften and its implications for the linguistic design of these publications. The study is a contribution to the field of text type research.