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Reviews of: Corvo, Paolo (2015). Food Culture, Consumption and Society. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (ISBN: 9781137398161) Dogan, Evinc (2016). Image of Istanbul: Impact of ECOC 2010 on the City Image, London: Transnational Press London (ISBN: 978-1-910781-22-7)
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We should begin with thanking all our authors and reviewers in this issue. According to UNHCR data, over 50 percent of Syrian refugees in Turkey were children. Refugee children is also on the global agenda. According to Eurostat, it was reported that 51% of 45,300 refugee children who arrive in the EU countries were of Afghan origin, while 16 percent were of Syrian descent. It was also reported that 70 percent of asylum applications in Germany, Sweden and Hungary were in this category. Hence children deserves a special attention in migration and refugee studies.
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In 1822 Liberia was founded as a place where free(d) enslaved African Americans could find freedom and liberty. While many of them did, the indigenous African population was, for a long time, excluded from citizenry despite fulfilling one of the essential criteria to be eligible for Liberians citizenship: Being Black. This prerequisite remains part of Liberian law today, rendering non-Blacks ineligible for Liberian citizenship. Today, this mostly affects the Lebanese community who originally came as traders and entrepreneurs to Liberia. This article analyses why Liberians defend race-based exclusionary citizenship practices.
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An ethnographic case study approach to understanding women’s actions and reactions to husbands’ emigration -or potential emigration- offers a distinct set of challenges to a U.S.-based researcher. International migration research in a foreign context likely offers challenges in language, culture, lifestyle, as well as potential gender norm impediments. A mixed methods approach contributed to successfully overcoming barriers through an array of research methods, strategies, and tactics, as well as practicing flexibility in data gathering methods. Even this researcher’s influence on the research was minimized and alleviated, to a degree, through ascertaining common ground with many of the women. Research with the women of San Juan Guelavía, Oaxaca, Mexico offered numerous and constant challenges, each overcome with ensuing rewards.
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Rough estimates suggest that there are five to six million movers (migrants) originated from Turkey and, with the recent influx of Syrians, the volume of movers into Turkey reached record levels - between three to four million. Turkey passed a qualitative and quantitative threshold as a country of movers: Millions moved out whilst millions moved in. The three Turkish Migration Conferences since 2012 reflect that reality. The breadth of topics and depth of discussions highlight a growing academic community interested in this particular case of human mobility. The debates about Turkish migration experiences are rich and reveal patterns of regular, irregular, and circular moves. Different perceptions and legal frameworks point to different implications for Turkey and its Diaspora. The next conference in July 2016 at the University of Vienna is expected to continue this tradition.
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The goal of this paper is to present the origin and evolution of the 12-country Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade negotiations. It brings together large and small economies across four different regions of Asia-Pacific over nearly 5 years. The key decisions as regards tariffs, NTBs and some behind-the border issues have been already reached. However, there are still some outstanding topics that are to be solved, such as 5 agricultural products and autos. Before the deal is closed there is a need to create the TPP as a living agreement, its Secretariat, accession provisions. The deadlines of the TPP negotiations are being prolonged and now are expected to be wrapped up in June 2015 providing remaining problems are addressed. All above mentioned is important as the TPP can be described as the „high-quality, twenty-first century” agreement due to the broad range, complexity, and novelty of the issues on the agenda. The outcome of this paper was based on critical analysis of the literature of the subject and documents of the TPP negotiations supplied by potential member states.
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The article is an attempt at determining the impact of the global economic crisis on the effects of the functioning of selected special economic zones (SEZ) in Poland. The study involved four SEZs functioning in the northern and north-western macro-regions (NUTS 1). The article includes analyses of alterations in e.g. the number of valid permits for conducting economic activities in the zones, the investment expenditures incurred by entrepreneurs or the employment rate. The research period spans from 2005 to 2013.
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In this study, a Keynesian model studying simultaneously, the impact of immigrant workers’ foreign currency transfers on macro variables such as consumption, investment, imports and income of Turkey is presented. While the calculated impact and dynamic multipliers of immigrant workers’ foreign currency transfers on consumption, imports and income is positive and gradually diminishing, their impact on investment is removed in the second year. With regard to its multiplying impact on income, it is observed that immigrant workers’ foreign currency transfers increases income notably. While the output growth resulting from immigrant workers’ foreign currency transfers reached highest level at the beginning of the seventies and the eighties, output growth during other periods, was negligibly low.
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In this paper we explore the rise of Turkey as a destination for new migrants including the children of Turks and Kurds who emigrated to Europe and Germany over the last five decades. An environment of social, economic and human insecurity dominated migration from Turkey to Europe and in particular Germany over the last five decades; and today, shifts in Turkish society, economy and security are attracting migrants to the country. Ethnic conflicts were one key factor driving migration in the past and as we note, they continue to moderate the relationship between socio-economic development and emigration rates for Kurdish movers in the present. Nevertheless, we argue that the growth of the Turkish economy and increasing social freedoms support an increase in immigration to Turkey. Immigration to Turkey includes returnees as well as second and third generation Turks from Germany among other places.
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The study was conducted in a group of 424 people living in cities of different sizes and villages. The study was aimed at the diagnosis of consumer behavior from the Pomeranian Province on the market of natural coffee. They have been assessed, among other things: selection factors particular brand of coffee, coffee brand chosen most often by respondents, brand loyalty, brewing method, a place to buy coffee. Verified as gender, place of residence and age affect the choices made by consumers. The data obtained is a good starting point for segmentation of consumers by entities engaged in the distribution, import of both the natural coffee as well as devices that grind and brew coffee using beans and ground.
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The article presents the results of direct testing for the assessment of eating behavior and participate in the implementation of the nutritional functions of the family by teenagers choosen between 16 to 18 years old and living in agricultural areas of the Pomorskie voivodeship. Most of the products being bought by teenagers were yogurts, dairy desserts and fruit juices. In terms of planning and organizing in family house the gender of the group of youth was a determining factor in engaging the group of teenagers researched.
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The papers aims to assess the impact of price changes in international trade in the second decade of the 21st century on Latin American economies. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of export dynamics and GDP growth rates in two sub-regions comprising Latin America (i.e. Central America and South America) and selected individual countries, which are diverse in terms of their export structures. The paper derives from the authors’ previous studies into determinants of export in developing countries, particularly the effects of price changes. Latin American economies (like those in Africa) are much more dependent on exporting primary commodities than developed countries, and as a result they are more affected by any changes in the prices of these commodities. In the first decade of the 21st century a rise in the prices of these commodities was immediately reflected in the higher export dynamics and GDP growth rate. Since 2011 the situation has reversed. The scale of the fall in the region’s exports is reflected in its biggest decline in the last eighty years, i.e. since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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The aim of the paper is an attempt to define the relation between the levels of labor productivity and socio-economic development in Polish regions. In the above context, analysis and evaluation of the level of socio-economic development (based on taxonomic methods), as well as identification of empirical relation between performance (in terms of labor productivity) and the level of development of Polish regions (using Granger causality test) was performed. The results of conducted analysis indicate that the level of socio-economic development among Polish regions is very diversified, with the persistent domination of Mazowieckie voivodship and some kind of backwardness of regions from eastern Poland. The Granger causality test proved that for part of regions there was a one way casual relation from productivity to development, for other regions (mostly the least developed) there was a one way casual relation from development to productivity and for the Wielkopolskie voivodship the Granger Causality test indicated a bi-directional relationship.
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This article is intended to analyze the Sub-Saharan Africa’s public debt, with strong focus on changes in it’s structure. The method is the data analysis of the regional statistics, credit worthiness valuation and chosen publications. The thesis is the statement, that in 2006–2014, changes in level and structure of foreign debts of this region has come in the direction of their marketization. They are related to both benefits and the risk for issuers and investors. Dynamic growth of emerging markets in the past quarter of century is associated with the growth of state expenditures on infrastructure and public services, wherein needs of African countries are here particularly large. The demand for mineral resources and agricultural products coming from this region caused rapid growth of GNP and exportation, after which positive changes in public sector management, including the national debt, should have come. After cancelling the debts of African countries, they are taking new loans and some of them are issuing the debentures, what previously was impossible.
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In this work we discuss the forest area and coverage stability in the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. We analyzed data from the beginning of the 19th century to 2011. The analysis was based on the comparative cartographic methodology in GIS using four archival and one contemporary maps showing forest coverage in 1800, 1900, 1930, 1983, and 2011. The area of the highest forest coverage stability, where the presence of forest was documented on every analyzed map is 21,0% of the Holy Cross Mountains. The area corresponding to 28,9% of the Holy Cross Mountains was periodically covered by forest. Forests in the Holy Cross Mountains are natural landscape dominants, covering mostly mountain ranges and hilltops.
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The article undertakes problems, the meaning and the part of the evaluation in the management with projects. The exploratory attention became concentrated on the presentation of the concept of the evaluation and the proof is the influence on the project management. Furthermore one tried also to indicate how far the evaluation is an effective tool of the evaluation of reached purposes and foundations as result of the realization of projects.
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This article attempts to answer the question if there is a relation between structure and dynamics of employment in the service sector and economic development of region. Linear trend models were used in order to define the changes that occurred in employment in services, whereas the level of development was estimated by using taxonomic method of grouping objects. Empirical numerical material came from Local Data Bank of Central Statistical Office and covered the years 2005–2013.
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The aim of the paper is to analyze the dynamic demographic changes that are observed in Poland from 2004 to 2014. General tendencies in Polish population age structure were shown. Besides, some dependencies between demographic variables and selected economic indicators were presented as well as the influence of the demographic changes on economic and social phenomena were indicated. The article consists of two parts. In the first one methods used in analyses were shown, the second one includes the most important results of research, among others, the changes of HDI index in Poland and in the world and LHDI index in Polish regions were presented.
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The issue of the financial burdens on farms raises more and more emotions in recent years, which is associated with proposals for changes in the rules of the tax and insurance system in agriculture. Thus, as the main goal of the research was adopted analysis of the structure and the amount of the financial burdens of farms in terms of their impact on farmers’ income. The study was prepared on data base of individual farms considered to be economically weak, ie. the size of 2–25 thousand euro. The analysis covered 2010–2012 period, and the data was obtained from the agricultural accounting system – Polski FADN. Selected for the analysis farms was grouped by location in four separated for Poland agricultural regions of FADN. The research shows that in analyzed farms share of the financial burdens in income from farm was higher than in economically stronger farms. For example, the level of taxes and parataxes in economically strong farms was very low and amounted to less than 2%, while in weaker farms these usually amounted 6–8%. It follows that the financial burdens are disproportionate to the amount of income generated by farms with different economic strength.
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