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EFFECTS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACT ON FIRM PRODUCT AND SERVICE INNOVATION – CASE STUDY OF CZECHIA, SLOVAKIA AND NORWAY

Author(s): Solomon GYAMFI,Henry Junior Anderson,Viktor Prokop / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The public sector economy accounts for a large size of the National market demand for goods and services. Many scholars have tipped public procurement as an attractive measure to help boost innovation in firms for the state to achieve its innovation goals. But there has been a worrying case mainly by actors within the public sector and scholars to explore this policy instrument to support innovation. In light of the above, the research seeks to analyze the effect of public procurement contracts on the firm’s product and service innovation. Using logistic Regression model for the CIS 2014 data we analyze this effect in the case of the Czech Republic, Norway and Slovakia. Our empirical results showed that, the use of this policy instrument is dependent mostly on the type of innovation. We found that firms received contracts to execute projects from the public sector for service provision in all cases but in the case of product innovation, only Czech Republic firms did receive a public contract. Nevertheless, innovation was required when firms are contracted to provide services for the public sector only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia regarding product innovation.

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EFFICIENCY OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL GENERATION: A DEA ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EU REGIONS

Author(s): Henry Junior Anderson,Solomon GYAMFI,Jan Stejskal / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Intellectual capital generation has gradually been entrenched as a measure of firm and regional competitive advantage in this era of knowledge economy. Firms, regions and countries and even international organisations around the world have rigorously engaged in the creation of property rights for control and usage. However, as regional innovative performance has been directly connected with intellectual capital creation, we question whether regions with high innovation prowess efficiently employ the scarce financial and cognitive resources that are harnessed for the manifestation of intellectual capital and property rights. Hence, using a multi-stage DEA approach and data of ten countries from European Innovation Scoreboard, we aim to comparatively compute the efficiency scores of innovation leaders and strong innovators to reveal the efficiency of resource inputs. Results at the first-stage revealed a mixed efficiency performance amongst countries whilst second-stage analysis with intermediate inputs revealed a dominance of innovation leaders on the efficiency ranking but eventually innovative leaders were found to be generally efficient in financial and cognitive resources employed in intellectual capital generation. We further gave recommendations on way of bolstering efficiency scores of countries.

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ČO OVPLYVŇUJE PODNIKATEĽSKÉ ZÁMERY MATURANTOV POCHÁDZAJÚCICH Z MESTA A Z VIDIEKA?

Author(s): Stanislav Kološta,Gabriela Nedelová,Filip Flaška,Jana Hroncová Vicianová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to explain common and different traits in entrepreneurial education, individual and contextual factors as variables explaining entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of youth growing in two different environments – city and village. We are also investigating, if young people are willing to start their carrier in place of their birth. Data were collected in two rounds of voluntary anonymous electronic surveys among students finishing their high-school studies. We have applied principal component and regression analysis. Results show that young Slovaks from predominately rural regions have quite high EI, but it seems that they lack sufficient entrepreneurial knowledge to help them to be able to face the challenging conditions in the real economy; therefore higher quality of education processes focused on entrepreneurship at Slovak high schools is needed. Leadership, autonomy and proactive personality as career anchors and perceived support from family and friends are major factors explaining EI among youth growing up in Slovak cities and villages.

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COMPARISON OF ROAD FREIGHT CHARGING IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Tomáš Kučera,Nikola VITEKOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Road transport plays an important role in the social and economic development of the state and regions. On the other hand, road transport is a source of emissions, noise and vibration and causes health and safety risks to humans. Road freight charging is being introduced for reasons of road freight transport restrictions. The article aims to make a comparison of the road freight charging in the Visegrad Group countries in the context of sustainable regional development. The article uses a comparison method, which belongs to the category of logical scientific methods. The websites of road transport charging operators are the source of the data in the individual countries of the Visegrad Group countries. The results of the comparison of road freight charging in the Visegrad Group countries are given for each country, with particular emphasis on the legal framework, toll rates and toll payment method in the specific country.

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NÁSTROJE ZVÝŠENÍ ÚROVNĚ PROJEKTOVÉHO ŘÍZENÍ PRO LEPŠÍ ROZVOJ REGIONŮ

Author(s): Jana Kostalova,Ondřej Táborský / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The project management maturity significantly influences the success of project implementation. There is available a number of tools to increase project success, such as international project management standards: IPMA standard, PRINCE2 standard, PMI Standard and associated project management certifications can be used. Other tools of project management maturity assessment are project management maturity models based on the above mentioned standards as well as based on other methodologies. A great benefit is also the concentration of project management know-how at the organization level in the project management office, or at community level in project consulting firms. In the case of economic and social development of cities, municipalities and regions, specialized institutions are created to ensure the implementation of development projects or offer expert advice on the specification of the project objective, plan preparation and project implementation. Such institutions in the Czech Republic as well as in other countries include local action groups and regional development agencies. The aim of the article is to present the above tools on the basis of a literature review and to present the possibilities of their use in case study in the form of assessment of the project management maturity of a selected local action group with the help of project management maturity models.

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SUPPORT OF FOOD RETAIL AND SELECTED COMMERCIAL SERVICES IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION

Author(s): Zdeněk Šilhan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper submits an investigation overview of the survey, which is related to the topic of retail and commercial services in the South Moravian Region. This paper is focused on the issue related to the support of retail and commercial services from municipalities. Therefore, the presented article includes an analysis of the support which is held by municipalities. The purpose of the paper is to present a brief analysis of the situation in distinct municipalities in the South Moravian Region to municipalities that are considering the support of their retail and services. The paper could be used as a model of the questionnaire for follow-up research, which would aim on evaluation of development of retail and services. Descriptive methods were used in the process of questionnaire survey evaluating, especially the occurrence statistics (frequency analysis). The methods of comparison and analogy were used in the process of literary research. It turned out that many inquiries related to this topic were already carried out in the South Moravian Region before writing this paper. Available data showed that approximately a quarter of South Moravian Region municipalities supports retail and services in their area.

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MAPOVÁNÍ VIRTUÁLNÍCH INFRASTRUKTUR PRO REGIONÁLNÍ SHLUKOVÉ ANALÝZY

Author(s): Josef Botlík,Milena Botlíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to present results of modeling of regional infrastructures. The paper is based on research into customer relationship management in SMEs. Part of this research was the identification of the influence of foreigners with long-term residence in the Czechia on supplier-customer relationships given by the region of origin of foreigners. The research was focused on regional geospatial relations, associated with dislocation of source countries of which 185 have been identified. The aim of the analysis was to identify spatial relationships (clusters of areas with increasing, decreasing and constant distribution of the number of foreigners) using a virtual infrastructure modeled using minimal distances. To identify relationships, a model has been developed to model infrastructure at different regional levels. Infrastructure properties were set using additional parameters. However, this modeled infrastructure shows disproportions which need to be identified and eliminated, and in this sense, the generation of infrastructure. Comparison method, exploratory analysis, multiagent systems simulation, incidence and precedence matrix and geostatistics were used to identify infrastructure characteristics. The research proved the importance of individual infrastructure parameters, especially the number of minimum edges for individual states.

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KONKURENCESCHOPNOST CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V RÁMCI ZEMÍ VISEGRADSKÉ ČTYŘKY

Author(s): MARKÉTA KALÁBOVÁ,ZDENKA PETRŮ,Antonín Dvořák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The strategic development of tourism destinations is based on analyzing the position of individual areas in the international tourism market. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the position of tourism in the Czech Republic within the Visegrad Group. The intention was to identify the main competitive advantages over selected countries and to identify problematic areas that the Czech Republic should focus on in the future in order to improve its competitive position not only towards the Visegrad Group countries but also towards other states. The Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) issued by the World Economic Forum was used for evaluation and comparison. Subsequently, the method of comparing the individual indicators and determining the difference between the positions achieved was used. The Czech Republic is rated best in the V4 countries according to the Tourism Competitiveness Index. The Czech Republic took the leading position in nine out of fourteen indicators. The biggest competitive advantage over the V4 countries is in the tourism infrastructure, the density of ground infrastructure, as well as safety. On the other hand, natural resources, which are not sufficiently attractive to visitors, and price competitiveness, in which the Czech Republic is losing its position for a long time, are a major problem.

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EVALUATION OF DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS FINANCING IN BANSKÁ BYSTRICA REGION

Author(s): Ľubica Šebová,Radka Marcekova,Veronika BELIČKOVÁ,Ján Šebo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Currently, there is one regional and seven local destination management organizations in the Banská Bystrica Region. The aim of the paper is to explore and evaluate the financing of destination management organizations operating in the Banská Bystrica region. We have obtained the materials from individual organizations as well as from various institutions' websites. We have focused on exploring the sources of organizations funding in the years 2016 and 2017. The financing of tourism organizations is secured from public and private sources, while the funding sources of the organization according the Law Act No. 91/2010 about the tourism support as amended may include membership fees, grants from the state budget, voluntary contributions of municipalities, natural and legal persons, income from activities, sales of products and services, rewards for mediation, income from the activities of tourist information centers, income from the sale of advertising space, non-repayable financial contributions from domestic and foreign sources and other sources of income. We have found out that destination management organizations operating in the Banská Bystrica Region received in 2017 total grants of € 299,685, which represents only a 6.9% share of state grants paid to local destination management organizations in Slovakia (€ 264,655 in 2016, which means 7% share). Organizations are mostly funded by state grants and membership fees. Own income forms only a small part of their financial resources.

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SLOVAK AND AUSTRIAN TOURISM STRATEGIES AND PRODUCTS

Author(s): Andrej Malachovský,Radka Marcekova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Statistical results of tourism in Slovakia over the past 20 years are the direct and exact proof of an insufficient implementation of a strategy in comparison with Austrian results in tourism. Strategies as a set of practical measures in tourism are presented in the form of a tourism policy. The aim of this paper is to analyse main strategies in Slovak and Austrian tourism and key statistical figures from tourism in both countries on the demand side. These strategies and statistical figures from both countries are an important and significant element for correct analysing of potential and successful development in both countries. In this international competition has Slovakia many problems with effective strategies and with the stabilisation of the source markets. The article uses a literary method for the analysis of available relevant book and magazine sources, a method of analysis of statistical series, a method of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction on the method of comparison for tourism strategies and statistics of Austria and Slovakia. The result of this comparison is a finding of similarity of products and problems in the structure of the source markets.

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REGIONAL PRODUCTS OFFERED BY TOURIST INFORMATION CENTERS IN SLOVAKIA

Author(s): ĽUDMILA MAZÚCHOVÁ,KRISTÍNA PANČÍKOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tourist information centers play an important role in the development of tourism. They exist in all countries with developed tourism and are therefore also important in regions of Slovakia. They contribute not only to the improvement of visitor information but also to the promotion of regional products. The aim of the paper is to examine and compare the offer and ways of promoting regional products in tourist information centers in Slovakia. In the first half of 2018 we conducted a survey in 52 tourist information centers, which is associated with the Association of Information Centers of Slovakia. Information was obtained by the method of interviewing employees of selected tourist information centers. Primary data were processed by Friedman and McNemar tests and descriptive statistics methods. The results show that in the offer of tourist information centers, collectors' items, craft and art products are generally the most represented regional products. In tourist information centers to promote regional products, they most often use personal sales and their own websites. Tourist information centers are currently also intensively involved in the preparation and promotion of organized events aimed at presenting the uniqueness of Slovakia's regions, which contribute to the development of creative tourism.

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PROJEKT SLOW FOOD CE JAKO KLÍČ K UDRŽITELNÉMU ROZVOJI

Author(s): HELENA KUBÍČKOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Food, which, among other things, was created in response to unfavorable global changes, and culinary tourism, the current tourism trend, as two possible tools for implementing ideas of sustainable development. In the intersection of these instruments stands the Slow Food Central Europe project. The aim of this paper is to map the problems of the involved project stakeholders, identify their solutions through the project and based on existing outputs to evaluate the potential of similarly oriented projects for sustainable development. Secondary data analysis and its interpretation, interviews with participants, observation and personal experience of the author were used for processing. In conclusion, the Slow Food Central Europe project really links the Slow Food ideas with the trend of culinary tourism with regard to sustainable tourism. Its existence can thus be described as an example of good practice in the case of sustainable development.

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DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: CASE STUDY OF THE SOUTH BOHEMIAN REGION

Author(s): Iveta Hamarneh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rural tourism is one of the most significant and especially sustainable forms of tourism, which are further divided into other subcategories - e.g., agrotourism, eco-tourism, hiking, cycling, walking, etc. The South Bohemian Region, thanks to its primary and secondary offer, represents a very suitable area for the promotion and development of this form of tourism. The paper proposes to evaluate the position of rural tourism in South Bohemian tourism and by primary and secondary data to offer specific recommendations for support of rural tourism in the region. Specific suggestions include strengthening cooperation between different stakeholders in tourism or improving transport infrastructure. The questionnaire survey revealed that visitors are interested in rural tourism in the region, with interest in horseback riding prevailing in specific rural activities. The main barriers to the development of rural tourism, which have been pursued by semi-structured interviews, include the lack of cooperation between the tourism stakeholders in the region but with the more or less improving conditions.

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VÍCE JE LÉPE? INTENZITA CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU A JEJÍ VLIV NA UDRŽITELNOST DESTINACE

Author(s): Markéta Novotná,Josef Kunc / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Many destinations still measure their success by the number of visitors, preferring the-more-the-better-principle. However, in the case of sustainable destination development, maximization of the number of visitors may not be the optimal option due to the excessive burden of the area. In this respect, the number of visitors must not exceed the carrying capacity of the destination. The overcrowding at attractive tourist sites is associated with the extrusion of residential functions by the functions of tourism. The process of touristification is accompanied by the congestion of public space, affecting residents' quality of life and also visitors' quality of experience. The paper focuses on congestion in the historic city centres – Venice and Florence – with excessive tourism development. The aim is to evaluate the impact of tourism intensity on the visitor experience and on sustainability pillars. The research is based on the application of a qualitative method of interpretative phenomenological analysis, used during the field survey conducted in model destinations in December 2018, supplemented by an analysis of quantitative data. The results show that congestion may not be a problem for the visitors themselves and that it negatively affects the residents´ quality of life.

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MEDIÁLNĚ-PROSTOROVÁ ANALÝZA OPATŘENÍ V DESTINACÍCH TRPÍCÍCH OVERTOURISMEM

Author(s): Aneta Krajíčková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Today, one of the most discussed issues of tourism is overtourism as a situation where there are too many visitors in the destination and the quality of life of the locals as well as the visitors' experiences are negatively affected. The way the destinations fight or how they try to mitigate the impacts of overtourism are diverse and are differently presented. The aim of this paper is to identify places that are most commonly associated with overtourism by analyzing 121 online articles. 14 destinations are selected and groups of implemented measures, taken to mitigate consequences or to fight overtourism, are examined. The most used is regulation of behavior and determination of maximum number of visitors for a certain period of time. The most media-visible destinations in Venice, Barcelona and Amsterdam use a wide range of tools. One of important factors of the regulation implementation is also the spatial characteristic of the destination.

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PERCEPTION OF RISK AS A BARRIER IN TOURIST DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT. A KEY STUDY FROM COLOMBIA

Author(s): MICHAEL PONDĚLÍČEK,VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ,Armando ALFARO VALERO,Jefferson ARIAS GOMÉZ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The goal of research is to identify the perception of the safety of a tourist destination on the basis of a simple and generally applicable method and then verify it on the example of the perception of the safety of the Colombia. To assess the perception of security situation of Colombia as a tourist destination, the DELPHI method of joint expert estimates was selected from the methods used for risk analysis, complemented with specific territorial and destination security features. Potential tourists have been assigned to the role of experts. For the data collection, a separate questionnaire was developed with the selection of standardized threats processed. The research realized in 2018 year was based on 200 respondents. From our research it’s clear, that there is a quite considerable difference in a perception of Colombia as a tourist destination from the real state of the situation in this country. Potential visitors perceive high rate of a risk in five segments, and three of them belong to the military threads and to the safety threads (street criminality - 90%, activities of a mafia and/or organised crime - 82%, and social conflicts, protests, demonstrations - 78%). Remaining two threads are connected to a tectonic activity, for example an earthquake or landslides. But analysis of the real safety situation in the country doesn’t confirm this assumption. In general we can say, that the media image of the country doesn’t help its development of tourism. People are afraid to go there, even though, in comparison with previous years, the situation is significantly better and it continues to improve.

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SPATIAL ASPECT AND BEHAVIOR OF TOUR OPERATORS IN SLOVAKIA (CASE STUDY)

Author(s): Lucia Šolcová,Jozef Petrikovič / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Slovakia recorded rapid development in tourism. This phenomenon also follow the increase in the number of tour operators and travel agencies. Part of the paper is devoted to spatial aspects of travel agencies and disparities within individual regions of Slovakia. Good management and marketing in controling and new approaches and trends accelerate the development and advancement of tour operators. The paper is focused to the functional evaluation of German tour operator which operates in Slovakia for the period 2011-2017. The aim is to analyze the effectiveness of management on the basis of the overall balance in relation to the number of clients and evaluate the number of travel agencies that offer product of tour operator within the regions of Slovakia. Research was running in 2017 during the summer season. The number of clients depends mainly on the political stability of the destination that the tour operator can not influence, but can influence a whole range of factors and management practices.

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İmalat Sektöründeki Firmalar İçin Bir Uluslararası Stratejiler Modeli Önerisi

Author(s): Nigar Çağla Mutlucan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Companies try to stay competitive by taking internationalization steps in today's global business environment. Companies that prefer the internationalization path can use the competitive advantages arising from the factors in their own countries. In addition, they can decide to position their activities in their value chains in a country or region where they can carry out their activities most effectively and efficiently by using international value networks. There are four strategies that they will implement in line with the decision they have taken; these are simple export, complex export, multidomestic strategy, or global strategies. Several important factors affect the strategies companies implement in entering foreign markets: the previous experience of companies in international markets, the uncertainty they perceive, and, therefore, the risk ratio. At the same time, as a result of their increasing experience, the risk perceptions of companies decrease, and their control ratios increase in their operations abroad. As a result of examining the factors found in the literature, a model of four independent variables that affect the choice of international strategies of manufacturing companies has been created. In this model, Porter's (1986) strategies, adapted by Johnson et al. (2008), are used, but different variables are chosen. These variables are market uncertainty, the firm's experience level, cooperation rate indicating the rate of doing business with foreign partners, and market dissimilarity. Finally, the proposed model was evaluated, the limitations of the model were stated, and opinions were shared about how internationalization would evolve and how companies would be affected.

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Talent Marketing

Author(s): Ramazan Özkan Yıldız / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Talent marketing is a strategic approach used by organizations to attract and retain top talent. This approach involves the use of various marketing techniques and channels to communicate the employer brand, job opportunities, and employee value proposition to potential candidates. Talent marketing is an essential component of an organization's overall talent management strategy as it helps to enhance the organization's reputation and competitiveness in the job market. The success of talent marketing relies on a deep understanding of the target audience, effective communication, and the creation of a compelling employer brand that resonates with potential candidates. With the growing competition for talent in today's job market, organizations must invest in talent marketing to attract and retain the best talent and stay ahead of the competition.

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Lojistik İşletmelerinde Bilgi İletişim Teknolojilerine Olan Yatırımların Önemi

Author(s): Hüseyin Balcı,Ömer Emirkadı / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In recent years, the changes in the logistics sector have accelerated and competition has moved to international arena. The concept of customer oriented strategy development has become the main factor in the logistics sector as a result of development of supply demand balance in favor of supply, just as in every sector. Today, the logistics sector has a young and dynamic structure with little spatial affiliation to service production. The most important strategic investment on the information and communication technologies ensures that costs are constantly considered, that there is no business flow complexity, that communications take place instantaneously and that, as a result, rapid decision making and customer and employee satisfaction are at the highest level in terms of providing logistics services. Put in a simplistic expression, the logistics companies need to compete against competitors and become successful in the sector they are. The most important mistakes made while trying to realize the target are to take a persistent attitude on maintaining the traditional management approach, to be closed to the improvements and the innovations, to take the example of the best company in the sector, and to create certain processes by using conventional expressions of mission and vision. At the same time, this situation prevents the enterprises or companies from determining his / her own internal dynamics in determining their targets and the strategies appropriate for their structure. On the contrary, logistics enterprises will be able to increase their competitiveness levels by creating a radical strategic management thought that is primarily the focus of restructuring on issues such as process management open to the innovations and changes, lean manufacturing and total quality management. A qualitative study was conducted with this study and the obtained data were evaluated by means of descriptive data analysis. In this study, the problems usually encountered by the companies operating in the logistics sector are discussed, the importance of creating a strategy against these problems is emphasized and the benefits of investments on the information and communication technologies in creating a strategy in establishing competitive advantage against their competitors are evaluted.

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