Two East African Toponyms: A Case Study in Intercultural Transmission of Knowledge

Author(s): Marina Tolmacheva / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2014

Toponyms of the East African coast present a recorded illustration of the multicultural environment of the Indian Ocean in its western part. A number of historical locations have been identified on the basis of modern or archaeological evidence corresponding to place names found in the written sources ranging from Antiquity to the contemporary era. From the Horn of Africa to the Swahili coast to Mozambique, the East African coast has been marked by a certain geographical stability of urban centres and port locations. Some of the modern cities still carry the names first recorded in the 10th century C.E., while some medieval toponyms may be correlated to locations first listed in ancient Greek sources.The present paper will examine two examples from the extensive toponymical record for the East African coast. The major cultural traditions related to the place names and their recorded history in the written sources of the past centuries are generally known. Medieval Arabic sources provide the bulk of written information about the region in the pre-Portuguese era. The paper acknowledges some differences between the evidence of academic Islamic geography and the information provided by Arab travellers and navigators. The sources reveal a degree of stability in the inventory of the recorded place names despite the historical changes on the coast. Analysis reveals a complex picture of historical and language-based patterns of knowledge transmission in the trans-cultural oceanic environment.

Nazwy szczytów w głównym grzbiecie Pasma Brzanki na Pogórzu Ciężkowickim

Author(s): Marcin, Wojciech Solarz,Rafał Kroczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article analyses the names of peaks in the main ridge of the Brzanka Mountain Range, located on the border of the Małopolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodships, mainly in the Tarnów county. However the purpose of the article is not only to try to explain etymology of the names of peaks in the main ridge of the Brzanka Mountain Range, but also to reconstruct a set of named peaks of the Brzanka Mountain Range in their right locations.

Zmiany użytkowania ziemi i pokrycia terenu Kwidzyna od końca XIX do początku XXI wieku na podstawie analizy materiałów kartograficznych

Author(s): Tomasz Karasiewicz,Aleksander Adamczyk,Justyna Trzcinska,Magdalena Janiszewska,Barbara Szyda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

This article analyses changes in land use in the town of Kwidzyn during the 19th, 20th and early 21st century. During the analysis of cartographic sources, attention was paid to changes in the area occupied by the city and also to changes in land use by communal and industrial developments, forest and urban green areas, arable lands, mead-ows and water reservoirs. Of the linear features, only changes in the length of railway lines were considered. For the analyzed period, five colour images of changes in land use and land cover are prepared in a GIS software, and supported by quantitative analysis. Although relatively small, the area has been changing in a very dynamic manner, the most marked cases being the decrease in the area of arable land and the increase in forest area.

Sto lat geografii na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Początki

Author(s): Andrzej Richling / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

In 2018, one hundred years passed since the founding of the first geographical department at theUniversity of Warsaw. The article is devoted to the discussion of the circumstances surrounding this event,teaching geography at the university level in Warsaw in the interwar period and conspiratorial studies duringthe German occupation, as well as reactivating geographical studies after the Second World War.

Infrastruktura noclegowa dla turystyki kwalifikowanej w latach 30. XX wieku na obszarze Karpat Wschodnich (w granicach II Rzeczpospolitej)

Author(s): Łukasz Quirini-Popławski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The research problem focuses on an attempt to define the condition of the elements of the accommodation base associated with qualified tourism on the territory of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains within the borders of the Second Polish Republic, including analysis of spatial pattern and size of individual tourist bases as well as analysis of their legal status. The analysis has led to an identification of 141 shelters, refuges and accommodation stations which in the year 1939 had at their disposal 4.2 thousand accommodation places. Thus in the above-mentioned period, the development of the tourist base in this area can be recognized as adequate.

Dziedzictwo żydowskie Białegostoku i możliwości jego wykorzystania w turystyce

Author(s): Katarzyna Kamler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article presents the possibilities of using the Białystok Jewish heritage in tourism. Conclusions come from field studies - inventory, own observations and photographic documentation. The Jewish heritage is visible mainly through the presence in the urban tissue of secular (41) and sacred (9) objects, which are shown on two maps. In addition, there are tourist routes on which you can find objects related to the Jews. Some of the objects are revitalized and bear information boards but some of them are falling into disrepair. Some of them have been adapted to perform new functions - a museum, a shopping gallery or a residential building. The Jewish culture is also visible in the activities of Jewish organizations like Center for Civic Education Poland-Israel or the Jewish Religious Community. One of the most famous Jewish festivals is organized in the city - "Zachor - Color and Sound". It seems that cultural, sentimental and festival tourism can develop in the city.

Místopisná komise České akademie věd a umění v letech 1913–1952

Author(s): Hana Kábová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

In the early days of the establishment of the Topographic Committee at the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts the idea behind the institute was to coordinate interdisciplinary research (involving history and philology) and to deal with practical (review and renaming of local names) and scholarly tasks (recording the development of local names). The committee was made up of specialists from various fields (philologists, historians and geographers) both in research and in practice. It operated almost continually between 1913 and 1952, thanks in particular to the activities of several prominent figures (chaired by Josef Zubatý, Josef Janko and Josef Dobiáš, with secretaries Josef Vítězslav Šimák and Antonín Profous). It focused primarily on practical tasks – drawing up expert reports on proposals for local names to alter or become fixed. Of permanent merit is the scholarly work by Antonín Profous Místní jména v Čechách. Jejich vznik, význam a původní změny – Local names in Bohemia. Their origin, meaning and original changes (published 1947–1957), which came about in part with the support of the Topographic Committee. Charting the history of this committee helps us to understand the institutionalization of research within marginal fields and within the context of Czech-German rivalry. Questions surrounding the review of, and alterations to, topographical nomenclature were carefully followed by state administration and local government representatives, whose influence on Topographical Committee tasks was great in view of the tiny grants for research.

Forgotten shelters of Kłodzko Land. On architecture inspired by the local building tradition

Author(s): Jacek Suchodolski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The article addresses the problem of the decline in the number of tourist facilities with outstanding features of regional architecture, built before 1945 in Kłodzko Land. Their destruction is an irreparable loss for the cultural heritage of the described region. Usually designed in the spirit of the local building tradition – born out of centuries of experience of the people living here – hostels, inns and taverns were a characteristic, regional distinguishing feature of the landscape of Kłodzko Land. Meanwhile, the new architecture of objects related to tourism, built after the end of the Second World War, most often does not refer to the characteristic forms and structures of local buildings. The article stresses the need to put an end to the often deliberate practice of destroying old pre-war buildings and to draw the attention of architects working today to the importance of continuing local, regional forms in the emerging tourist facilities.

O dokumencie z roku 1358 raz jeszcze

Author(s): Henryk Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2020

ПОПИС НАХИЈЕ НЕЧВЕН ИЗ 1574. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Aleksandar Jakovljević,Neven Isailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 42/2021

The paper offers a critical edition of the census of the Nečven nāhiye, within the Sanjak of Klis, from 1574. In the introductory text the area of the nāhiye (formerly district of Oprominje), comprising two micro regions – Promina and Miljevci, was put in a historical and historical-geographical context, after which a short analysis of the source itself was given. The definition of the principles of this edition is followed by transliteration, translation (with identification of the geographical terms) and facsimiles of the census.

ЗЕМЉОТРЕС У ЈУЖНОЈ СРБИЈИ 1931. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Dragiša Kecojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2012

The paper describes the devastating earthquake with human losses which happened eighty years ago in Southern Serbia. Catastrophic shake happened on 8th March 1931, at 51 minutes, 18 seconds past 1 o`clock P.M. The period of the wave was 8 seconds. The quakes were so strong that the needles on the apparatus in the Seizmographic Institute in Belgrade were thrown-off. The earthquake was recorded by the most distant seizmographic stations on all five continents. The epicentre of the quake was in Greece. The quake shook the great part of the Balkan penninsula, mostly Greece, southeastern part of Southern Serbia and part of the western Bulgaria, including Sofia. The places in Southern Serbia which sufferred most were Kavadar, Negotin na Vardaru, Demir Kapija, County of Dojran, County of Djevdjelija and the surroundings of Strumica. The most devastated was Valandovo in the County of Dojran. The next day, early in the morning, the royal train arrived in Skoplje with His Majesty, King Aleksandar Karadjordjević followed by the President Mr. Petar Živković. The train proceeded towards south to the endangered area. The King came in order to be with his people, to perceive the extent of the destruction and to find out what kind of help was needed there and how it could be distributed. In Demir Kapija, the King was welcomed by a huge crowd of people. The King personally made sure that the destruction was devastating and he had promised that they would receive the much needed help. The next stop was in Udov, at the train station “Strumica“. As soon as he got out of the train, the King made sure that the earthquake had really been a catastrophic one. The train station was so damaged that it was expected to collapse after a next shake, even a light one. Many of the surrounding buildings were fallen or close to collapsing. The King was met by a huge crowd of people under the leadership of the president of the municipality, head of the county, a deputy and other leading men. The King looked up the ruins and he promised people that everything would be renovated at state’s expense and that all of them would be in new and better houses by autumn. After Udov, the King visited the settled village of Karadjordjevac, then village Pirava, county place Valandovo, little town Furka and county place Strumica. In all of these places, the people greeted their King enthusiastically. In his talks with the people, the King would be telling them that all the damages would be compensated, all demolished houses would be pulled down to the ground and that new houses would be built and that everyone, by autumn, would be living in newer and better houses than before. Military commanders who escorted him were given orders that the people should immediately receive tents as a protection against bad weather. The King left for Štip and further. Immediately after the King`s departure, the army arrived to all of these places and started giving all the necessary help to the people. Soon, there came masons, carpenters and other handicraftsman for building houses. From whole of Yugoslavia came building materials: bricks and roofing tiles came from Leskovac and Kikinda, wooden material came from Drvar, lime, nails and other material arrived from other places. A group of soldiers was assigned to each house. They were helping the artisans, learning the crafts in that way. The King refused the international help stating that his country was strong enough to clear away the situation brought about by the damaging earthquake. The King kept his promise. In the September of the same year, all of the demolished houses were renewed and the people moved into new houses which were better and more spacious than before. The King fulfilled his promise.

Reflections on Industrial Heritage Transformation in Slovakia (Case Study: Forest Railway Čierny Balog)

Author(s): Viera Krešáková / Language(s): English Issue: 74/2021

In the paper, we have a look at one of the most popular and most used forms of protection of industrial heritage today: transformation. Central Slovakia is the region with the most industrial monuments and sites in Slovakia and many of them are more or less aesthetic elements of the local landscape since the Middle Ages. However, except of some popular destinations, Central Slovakia does not belong among the regions with high attendance of domestic and foreign tourists. Several industrial monuments are in poor condition and located in remote places where tourists rarely venture. In this article, we would like to point out transformation and adaptive reuse as an appropriate form of protection for industrial monuments and have a closer look at the potential of rural regions and small towns. As a positive example of a conversion, we analyze the Čiernohronská Forest Railway in Čierny Balog in more detail. We focus not only on its positive economic and aesthetic impact on the surrounding landscape and people’s lives, but also on building prestige and an important position of the rural and unattractive touristically region in comparison with popular and prestigious tourist destinations.

Complex genesis of N-channel eskers illustrated with the example of an esker near Tosie (east-central Poland)

Author(s): Małgorzata Frydrych / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The study presents the problem of complex genesis of eskers formed in N-channels on the example of an esker located near Tosie in east-central Poland. The lithofacies analysis revealed a high diversity of structural and textural characteristics of sediments in this form. The esker consists of three sedimentation units. Coarse sediments of the esker core were deposited in the subenvironment of a subglacial tunnel, as an effect of bedforms migration under hydrostatic pressure. Opening of the tunnel resulted in the forming of an open crevasse, in which the cover of the esker core sediments was accumulated. These deposits recorded a significant variability of flow energy and sedimentation mechanisms, which indicates a strong influence of the ice-sheet ablation dynamics. During the final deglaciation stage, a part of the esker was covered with diamicton. Numerous soft-sediment deformation structures were identified within the esker. The sediments were dislocated vertically to the elevation of more than 8 metres. They constitute the record of buried dead-ice masses melting in the esker core sediments. Melting of the masses resulted in vertical displacement of sediments and formation of "the dead-ice structure". The complexity of esker genesis is characteristic of postglacial areas in Poland, where most eskers were formed in subglacial N-channels. Numerous research results confirm a considerably more frequent occurrence of the facies sequence of subglacial tunnel and open crevasse in eskers formed in N-channels than R-channels. This is indicated by a much greater dissimilarity of processes during different stages of esker formation on soft bed and solid substratum.

The Absent Rus' Land and Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi

Author(s): Charles J. Halperin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

After the Mongol conquest of the 13th century, the Kyivan myth of the “Rus' Land” played a less important role in the east Slavic lands that came under the control of Poland or Lithuania than in the northeastern territory that came to constitute Muscovy. Galicia, which belonged to Poland, became known administratively as the Rus' Land. The Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicles revived the concept in the Ruthenian lands incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In these chronicles, Rus' Land referred to all of Kyivan Rus' historically, but could denote all the Ruthenian territories in the Grand Duchy, or only those in Belarusian regions, or only those in Ukrainian regions in the post-Kyivan period. In addition, the Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicles borrowed passages from northeastern Rus' chronicles in which the Rus' Land meant northeastern Rus' or Muscovy. In the text of the Union of Lublin, the Rus' Land connoted the four borderland palatinates annexed by Poland after the Union of Lublin. The Rus' Land also occasionally appeared in other sources. However, Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi and the mid-seventeenth century Cossacks did not invoke the term to legitimize their new polity, thus discarding an element of the Kyivan inheritance. In Ukraine, this discontinuity of the Rus' Land myth has not been appreciated and remains unexplained.

Borderland City: Kharkiv

Author(s): Volodymyr V. Kravchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article attempts to identify Kharkiv’s place on the mental map of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and traces the changing image of the city in Ukrainian and Russian narratives up to the end of the twentieth century. The author explores the role of Kharkiv in the symbolic reconfiguration of the Ukrainian-Russian borderland and describes how the interplay of imperial, national, and local contexts left an imprint on the city’s symbolic space.

Urban Identity in (Post)Modern Cities: A Case Study of Kharkiv and Lviv

Author(s): Oleksiy Musiyezdov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This article aims to highlight the results of an empirical study of urban identity that was conducted by the author in Kharkiv and Lviv. The theoretical underpinnings of this research are based on the ideas of Manuel Castells and Zygmunt Bauman, as well as others. They assert that under the conditions of (post)modern society, groups which are involved in one way or another in the global post-industrial economy interpret cities and their relationship with them in a variety of ways—in other words, their definitions of urban identity vary. The author’s hypothesis is generally confirmed that groups will interpret their connection to a city in distinct ways: representatives of different groups will differ in their interpretation of the question of what it means to be an “urbanite” or a “true [insert city name]-ian,” in their ways of participating in the resolution of urban issues, etc. The unique features of the sampled Ukrainian cities (Kharkiv, Lviv) are described. The confirmation of the hypothesis serves as an argument in favour of considering urban identity in the context of an “imagined community.” Under such consideration, a city comprises not a “local community” but an aggregate of groups that consider the city to be “theirs” and defend their “right to the city” based on their individual image of the world, which depends on their social, cultural, and economic conditions.

O încercare de climatologie istorică II

Author(s): Constantin Tofan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXVIII/1999

Cette deuxième partie de notre étude analyse des phénomenes climatiques tels: les hivers rudes, Ies neiges tardives, les hivers doux sans neige, les années pluvieuses et celles de séchereese.

Zagadnienia morfogenetyczne wybranych osad olęderskich w obecnych granicach Łodzi

Author(s): Tomasz Figlus,Monika Cepil / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The article presents the results of geographical and historical research on selected Olęder settlements that were formed in the present-day administrative area of Łódź. Based on archival materials, with particular emphasis on settlement contracts or their copies, the existing knowledge on the process of development of the Olęder settlement in the studied area was systematized and supplemented. This allowed for the identification of new facts and regularities concerning the genesis and legal and organizational foundations of the studied form of rural settlement. On the basis of the preserved cartographic sources in the form of historical topographic maps and handwritten plans of individual localities, an analysis was carried out. Its aim was the morphogenetic reconstruction of selected settlements in the initial phase of their spatial development. As a result, it was possible to accurately determine the original location, discuss the layout of buildings and fields, and identify their morphometric features.

Próba rekonstrukcji socjotopografii średniowiecznego Chełmna na przykładzie kwartału większego

Author(s): Mateusz Superczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2022

The article is a contribution to the development of the full socio‑topography of medieval Chełmno (Kulm) and shows the problems related to the development of the social and occupational structure of this city in the light of surviving city records. It indicates gaps in the sources database, and, at the same time, the possibilities and research methods of socio‑topography via the example of Chełmno. The text includes an annex in the form of a list of townspeople of the great quarter, prepared on the basis of a compilation of data from several rent registers and other archival sources. Attached to the annex is a city map showing the plot grid, on which the occupational structure of the inhabitants is marked.

Champa Kingdom towers as a tourist attraction in Vietnam. Historical, geographical and architectural aspects

Author(s): Waldemar Moska,Owidiusz Moska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

In the 17th century, the Champa Kingdom, which had operated for more than 1,000 years in what is now central and southern Vietnam, ceased to exist. The Hindu influence of the Cham state remained visible in the brick tower-temples that still exist, as well as in sculptures some of which are in Vietnamese museums. The first research into the Cham culture and history was carried out by French colonisers in the early 20th century, followed by Polish archaeologists and the Vietnamese government, among others. The study of the legacy left by the Cham poses significant difficulties, due to years of warfare, environmental influences, the passage of time and theft. However, the homogeneous culture and architectural structural integrity enable conducting a research analysis of the legacy left behind. The heterogeneous level of tourist development of the different tower groups poses a challenge to create a high standard of tourist attractiveness. The high quality of tourism provision characteristic of My Son and Po Nagar, setting an example to be followed throughout the Southeast Asian region, stands out against the low level of tourism development at other Cham temples.