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In this article Sikora examines what role the writing down of the law played for the Philomath Society. She focuses on the process of formulating the law and the norms regulating communication within the group. Basing her analysis on their correspondence, protocols, successive drafts of the law, etc., Sikora suggests that the behavioural formalization constituting the Vilnius students’ secret organization was accomplished principally through a regulation of writing practices. The very process of formulating the law aimed at creating a bureaucratic disciplinal system that would guarantee the founders’ influence. Exploring the contradiction between the Society’s declared values their accepted protocol of communication, Sikora also asks in how far members would have internalized the ambivalence of their protocol.
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The article deals with the security issues and the related army reform in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We focus on the continuing armed conflicts in the east of the DRC, destabilizing the situation in the region. We analyze the facts of human rights violation and the factors impeding the creation of the national army in the country. We also cover the problem of the DRC military cooperation with a number of other countries. The analysis enables us to broaden the understanding of the origin of armed conflicts in subtropical Africa and to define the specific features of the DRC military forces. We make a conclusion that the army reform in the DRC is a complicated process, which will demand great efforts and determined decisions of the DRC authorities. However, due to the lack of financing and professional personnel, these problems remain so far unsolvable.
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The article analyzes the elements of a crime that provides for the responsibility for the failure to assist a sick person. Based on the analysis of the current criminal law and the existing scientific data, we present our own vision of the problem. We propose making changes to Article 124 of the Criminal Law of the Russian Federation, i.e., it is recommended to define the nature of medical assistance and to add a note where necessary that specifies the concepts of medical assistance and medical workers.
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The paper focuses on the gaps in national law in preventing repetitive violence and adopting a general strategy for the prevention of violence against women. The national legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is evaluated in relation to international law in the area of gender-based and domestic violence. Notably, Lithuania is a party to the corresponding international documents in this area. However, the national legislation at the level of laws and regulations lacks links with international law and relevant documents. The basic preventive measures are very broad and are not targeted at the elimination of violence against women; instead, they seek to decrease the numbers of crimes in the area of domestic violence. The most relevant sectors for prevention, i.e. the health care sector and the education sector, are not involved. The objectives of prevention are not placed within the gender equality paradigm, and violence against women is not seen as being connected with stereotypes and discrimination. In addition, gaps are identified in the prevention of repeated violence against women. The paper suggests that the system of protective orders should be reformed so that protective orders are available to all victims of violence and not limited to domestic violence victims. Both civil and criminal protection measures should exist, and they should be applicable to post-trial victims as well. It is also recommended that the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, which is the most thorough document on prevention, be ratified. Ratification would improve the weakest point in Lithuanian legislation on violence against women – the prevention of violence.
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Review of: Sergei Antonov - Ekaterina Pravilova. A Public Empire: Property and the Quest for the Common Good in Imperial Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. 448 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-15905-8.
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The paper analyzes in detail the role of public hearings in drafting the law-governed social state as a whole and in formulating recommendations for the territorial building of municipalities in particular. The problems arising from considering comments and suggestions of citizens on drafts of the master plan, as well as their recommendations for land use and development of municipalities are studied. It is argued that procedural and administrative matters for holding public hearings of the adversary character should be introduced in the urban planning legislation.
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The paper discusses elements of a crime encroaching on the basics of free market, fair competition. The elements and features of this type of crime, as well as the practice of applying the above-stated norm, are analyzed. Current trends in the legal policy of foreign countries concerning the field of antitrust legislation are studied. The statistical data on accountability for crimes against competition in Russia are considered. Weaknesses are identified in the legal technique of criminal legislation regarding the relations associated with the activity of economic entities. The dependence of effective law enforcement for preventing, eliminating, and restricting competition on the commensurate and adequate correlation between the norms of civil, administrative, and criminal legislation is proved. The need to strengthen the cross-sectoral links of antitrust legislation is substantiated.
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The paper deals with issues related to identification of the causes of formation of independent legal regulation of the housing relations in Russia, description of the development of housing legislation, and influence of the doctrine on this process. During the post-revolutionary period, the burden of solving the housing problem was taken by the state, which is reflected in the regulations. The normative material was then intensely accumulated and served as the basis for further codification of housing legislation. Originally, the legislator demonstrated a comprehensive approach to the regulation of housing relations. Subsequently, however, the focus shifted mostly to the normalization of tenancy agreements in the codification acts of civil legislation. After having been established in 1977, the constitutional right of citizens to housing became a prerequisite for housing legislation. Thus, the basics of housing legislation and the Housing Codes of the Union Republics developed. During the period of transition to market relations in the housing area, normative legal acts were published. They were intended for the adaptation of the institutions of the Soviet housing legislation to the recent political and socio-economic conditions that were in effect until the adoption of the new Housing Code. It is emphasized in the paper that the historically doctrinal research in this area has been always directed at finding the most appropriate legal regulation of housing relations. The conclusion is made that the modern housing legislation is a stable complex array of regulations, having the ability to adapt to the changing political and socio-economic conditions.
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The paper analyzes the place of hiring contracts in the system of civil law. The relevance of this problem is justified by the current situation in the system of civil law when the hiring contract can be concluded between economic entities and physical persons, thereby giving them identical legal status. We consider this situation as contradicting to the economic nature of relations between consumers. The aim of this research is to identify the correct place of hiring contracts in the system of civil law and, thus, to spot certain measures to be applied in order to ensure fulfillment of the liabilities of contractors, as well as to protect their rights. Attention is also paid to the specific rules of legal regulation of hiring contracts. The hiring contract is bilateral in its nature (since two sides take part in it), commutative (each side offers something to its partner), concensual (the contract is concluded when both sides reached their agreements), and public (the lessor cannot deny concluding a hiring contract if they possess the property to be rented). These properties of hiring contracts determine their consumer nature. The results obtained during the analysis allow making the following conclusions: the hiring contract should be exclusively consumer-oriented, being considered only as the contract between consumers and not providing any possibility to use a hiring property for entrepreneurial activities; the distinctive feature of the hiring contract is the impossibility of its prolongation, which ensures protection of the rights of consumers when the lessor aims to impose an extra period of rent.
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The paper is devoted to the political biography and ideological views of H.P. Newton, who was an outstanding fighter for civil rights of African Americans, political thinker, human rights activist, and internationally recognized scholar. The aim of this paper is historical analysis of the phenomenon of the radical leftist current in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century based on the research of the political views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party. In order to achieve the set aim, the following tasks are solved: (1) to consider the reasons, conditions, and actualization of radical leftist currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century; (2) to reveal the occurrence, major historical and ideological events in the activity of African American radical leftists by the example of the “Black Panthers” party, as well as to show the role and place of the party in the social and political life of the USA; (3) to analyze the consequences of the development of radical currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century. The scientific novelty of the paper is that it, for the first time in the modern Russian historiography, provides a complex analysis of the phenomenon of leftist currents in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century using the views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party, as the example. For a long time, there was a stereotype of social and political life in the United States, according to which the “Black Panthers” party headed by H.P. Newton was a criminal terrorist organization. However, an alternative point of view based on newly emerging data from the declassified archives has recently gained strength in the US historiography. This paper is one of the first attempts in Russian historiography to give an objective and undistorted image of H.P. Newton as a representative of radical leftists in the movement of African Americans for civil rights during the second half of the 20th century.
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In order to subjugate Turkish Nation, especially since last 200 years, imperialists imposed a method of self alienation and metamorphosis of our nation. Behind the strategic gambit that called seperatism today are those long term preparations and strategies of self alienation. That started with naming and categorization of everyday speech which in fact consisted mixing of existing tongues spoken by some people who were out of touch with central education as if it’s a separate language. At the last quarter of 18th century P. Maurizio GARZONI, lived 30 km away from today’s Turkish/ Iraqi border for 18 years and made observations on Armenians, Assyrians, Chaldeans and Nastorians for separatist purposes. Italian missionary priest Maurizio GARZONI published his work at 1787. Though if scientific objectivity applied for this issue, the “thing” that named as a separate language by imperialists, which was spoken by people who are out of touch with central education, the dialects of kirmanji and zazaki can be seen for the most part consisted of mixing ancient Göktürk and Uighur dialects with Chuvash speech, which is essentially old Turkic.
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It is right that the constitution of each country's political system and discipline of all aspects of central government and the main force determining the best public relations people, and its strict enforcement, blocking all avenues of despotism to freedom, human dignity and citizenship rights to the guarantee.
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Usvojiti amandmane na Ustav BiH i ostale ustave u BiH kojima se ukida etnička diskriminacija i pružaju jednaka politička prava svim građanima/kama; - Ugraditi u Ustav BiH definiciju ravnopravnosti između žena i muškaraca i zabranu direktne i indirektne diskriminacije žena u javnoj i privatnoj sferi; - Dijalog o ustavnim reformama voditi isključivo u institucionalnom okviru, transparentno i uz učešće zainteresovane javnosti, ekspertske zajednice i civilnog društva. Zaustaviti praksu donošenja zakona u hitnoj proceduri, naročito sistemskih zakona, te onih koji imaju značajan uticaj na život građana/ki u BiH; - Zaustaviti praksu kršenja zakonskih procedura u parlamentarnim procesima. Procese od značaja za javnost voditi transparentno i uz učešće zainteresovane javnosti na svim nivoima vlasti u BiH, uz poštovanje socijalnog dijaloga i demokratske prakse. Kroz donošenje zakona jačati nezavisnost Ustavnog suda BiH; - Uskladiti Poslovnik o radu Ustavnog suda Republike Srpske sa Ustavom BiH; - Sudije/sutkinje ustavnih sudova imenovati u propisanim rokovima, na transparentan i formalno-pravno ispravan način, bez političkih blokada; - Formalno utvrditi odgovornost Vijeća ministara BiH da nadzire i sprovodi odluke iz apelacionih nadležnosti Ustavnog suda BiH. U transparentnoj i demokratskoj proceduri usvojiti izmjene Izbornog zakona BiH, koje će omogućiti provođenje lokalnih izbora u gradu Mostaru. Radi unapređenja efikasnosti rada Institucije otkloniti preklapanje u obavljanju poslova između ombudsmena, te uvesti struktuiranu podjelu rada unutar Institucije; - Pri usvajanju novog zakona o ombudsmanu za ljudska prava BiH strogo ispoštovati preporuke Međunarodnog koordinacionog komiteta i Venecijanske komisije. Raditi na dosljednoj primjeni postojećeg Sporazuma za saradnju organizacija civilnog društva i institucija na nivou BiH, te uspostavi sličnih mehanizama na entitetskom nivou; - Implementirati transparentne i inkluzivne mehanizme za javne konsultacije s organizacijama civilnog društva na svim nivoima vlasti; - Usvojiti strategiju za razvoj civilnog društva na državnom i entitetskim nivoima, uz konkretne mjere koje će uključiti sistematsko finansiranje kroz odgovarajuće fondove i uključivanje civilnog društva u proces izrade i donošenja javnih politika i zakona. Uspostaviti novi strateški okvir za nastavak reformskog procesa u skladu sa najboljim praksama participativnih procesa, uz konsultacije sa organizacijama civilnog društva, ekspertskom i akademskom zajednicom; - Uključiti javnost i zainteresovane strane u sve zakonodavne inicijative u oblasti javne uprave, uz adekvatne konsultacije, javne rasprave i analize procjena učinka, te pravovremeno i adekvatno obavještavati javnost o ovim procesima. Hitno usvojiti Akcioni plan za Strategiju reforme sektora pravde u BiH, ubrzati rad institucija na ispunjenju obaveza koje su uzrokovane dosadašnjim kašnjenjem, te definirati odgovornost institucija za neispunjenje obaveza preuzetih ovim dokumentom; - Ažurirati postojeći Pravilnik o sukobu interesa članova Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH (uvođenje pravila o kontroli i provjeri imovinskih kartona članova VSTV-a BiH, ali i ostalih sudija/ sutkinja i tužilaca/ teljica), te izrada smjernica o sukobu interesa za cijelo pravosuđe. Hitno ojačati odredbe Zakona o sukobu interesa i uvesti nezavisno tijelo za nadzor nad njegovim provođenjem (proširivanje komisije uključivanjem predstavnika/ca civilnog društva, ili uključivanje jednakog broja predstavnika/ ca pozicijskih i opozicijskih stranaka); - Podići nivo provjere i uvesti novčane sankcije za netačne prijave imovinskih kartona imenovanih zvaničnika/ca Centralnoj izbornoj komisiji BiH. Hitno postići politički dogovor između Vijeća ministara BiH i entiteta da bi se pristupilo izradi, a zatim i provedbi strategije za ljudska prava i osnovne slobode BiH. Na adekvatan način riješiti pitanje osnivanja, funkcionisanja i finansiranja sigurnih kuća u FBiH, te unaprijediti institucionalni okvir za borbu protiv nasilja u porodici na svim nivoima; - Uvesti rodnu kvotu od 50% žena i muškaraca na kandidatskim listama, te poduzeti dodatne mjere koje se odnose na učešće manje zastupljenog spola (npr. kroz dodjeljivanje mandata sa kompenzacijskih listi); - Kroz Gender akcioni plan i godišnje operativne planove po GAP-u, provoditi mjere za uključivanje ravnopravnosti spolova u nastavne sadržaje; - Ujednačiti pravo na porodiljske naknade kroz poseban zakon i fond na nivou FBiH. Donijeti državni Akcioni plan za zaštitu djece i sprečavanje nasilja nad djecom putem informacijskokomunikacijskih tehnologija; - Harmonizirati krivično zakonodavstvo u skladu sa Konvencijom Vijeća Evrope o sprečavanju seksualnog nasilja nad djecom; - Donijeti zakone o hraniteljstvu u oba entiteta i Brčko distriktu; - Obezbijediti bezuslovni pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti za djecu - Harmonizirati i obezbijediti redovnu isplatu socijalnih davanja i naknada za porodice sa djecom. Usvojiti nove strategije za izjednačavanje mogućnosti i unapređenje položaja osoba s invaliditetom, vodeći računa o nužnosti alokacije neophodnih sredstava za njihovu implementaciju, te jačanje sistema odgovornosti onih koji su zaduženi za implementaciju; - Obezbijediti potrebne uslove za puno i aktivno učešće osoba s invaliditetom u svim segmentima društvenih aktivnosti, uključujući i proces evropskih integracija, kako bi se osigurala implementacija prava garantovanih Konvencijom o pravima osoba s invaliditetom; - Uskladiti zakonske propise sa odredbama Konvencije kod obezbjeđivanja podrške u donošenju odluka za osobe sa intelektualnim i mentalnim invaliditetom. Usvojiti prijedlog izmjena i dopuna Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije BiH; - Uspostaviti praksu godišnjeg izvještavanja o pojavnim oblicima diskriminacije sa prijedlogom mjera za uklanjanje i sprečavanje trendova diskriminacije; - Izraditi i usvojiti Strategiju za suzbijanje diskriminacije u BiH. Izmijeniti krivične zakone FBiH, Republike Srpske i Brčko Distrikta tako da se prošire osnove na kojima je zabranjeno izazivati mržnju, netrpeljivost i razdor, u skladu sa osnovama prepoznatim kroz regulaciju krivičnih djela počinjenih iz mržnje; - Uključiti obavezno obrazovanje o krivičnim djelima počinjenim iz mržnje u nastavne planove policijskih akademija Republike Srpske i Federacije BiH, te u stalne i specijalističke programe obuke policajaca/ki, tužitelja/ki i sudija/sutkinja; - Izraditi protokol kojim će se jasno propisati saradnja policije i pravosudnih organa u procesuiranju slučajeva krivičnih djela počinjenih iz mržnje s ciljem njihovog brzog i efikasnog rasvjetljavanja. Izraditi, usvojiti i provoditi višegodišnji Akcioni plan za ravnopravnost LGBTI osoba s ciljem suzbijanja predrasuda, diskriminacije i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije, rodnog identiteta i spolnih karakteristika; - Usvojiti i provoditi zakone Republike Srpske, Federacije BiH i Brčko Distrikta kojima bi se zakonski priznale istospolne zajednice; - Usvojiti i provoditi zakone Republike Srpske, Federacije BiH i Brčko Distrikta kojima bi se zakonski uredili svi pravni i medicinski aspekti promjene spola; Osigurati zakonski okvir na državnom nivou kojim se uređuje pitanje naziva i upotrebe službenih jezika; - Uskladiti Sporazum o posebnim potrebama djece povratnika u pristupu obrazovanju sa propisima na državnom i entitetskom nivou; - Izvršiti reviziju instrukcija nadležnim policijskim organima u vezi sa primjenom Zakona o prebivalištu i boravištu s ciljem adekvatne primjene propisa za raseljena lica i povratnike/ce; - Osigurati standarde minimalne zastupljenosti građana/ ki iz reda konstitutivnih naroda i Ostalih pri zapošljavanju u javnim službama; Hitno pristupiti izradi nove strategije za rješavanje problema Roma/Romkinja, koja će biti usklađena sa Platformom Evropske unije, uz obuhvatanje svih oblasti u kojima Romi ne ostvaruju svoja prava; - Usvojiti zasebne akcione planove za pojedinačne oblasti, posebno za zdravlje, stanovanje, zapošljavanje i obrazovanje Roma/ Romkinja, te primijeniti intersektorski pristup u realizaciji; - Obezbijediti finansijska sredstva za realizaciju strategije i akcionih planova; - Ojačati kapacitete Odbora za Rome/Romkinje pri Vijeću ministara BiH kroz utvrđivanje preciznih kriterija za izbor članova/ ica Odbora; - Ozvaničiti i obilježavati datume od značaja za Rome/Romkinje; - Pri rješavanju romskih pitanja i radu na romskim akcionim planovima neophodno je osnaživati i uključivati predstavnice i predstavnike romske zajednice u BiH. Usvojiti legislativu kojom će se osigurati transparetnost medijskog vlasništva i finansiranja medija iz javnih budžeta; - Harmonizirati zakone o javnim servisima sa krovnim Zakonom o javnom RTV sistemu, te uspostaviti održiv model finansiranja javnih medija i depolitizovati proces izbora i imenovanja upravnih odbora, programskih savjeta i direktora/ica javnih servisa; Osigurati efikasniju zaštitu sigurnosti novinara/ki kroz dopune krivičnih zakona i zakona o krivičnom postupku na svim nivoima vlasti u BiH; Spriječiti političke uticaje na rad Regulatorne agencije za komunikacije radi efikasnije regulacije tržišta elektronskih medija i poštovanja profesionalnih standarda novinarstva. Predmeti kategorije A, obrađeni na Međunarodnom krivičnom sudu za bivšu Jugoslaviju, trebaju postati prioritet da bi se preostalo vrijeme za implementaciju državne strategije iskoristilo najefikasnije i najsvrsishodnije; - Usvojiti zakon o žrtvama torture u BiH; - Napraviti program reparacije kako bi se umanjile posljedice pretrpljenih trauma žrtava, te kompenzirala njihova materijalna i nematerijalna šteta i izvršio povrat imovine. Na osnovu analize primjene odredaba novih zakona o radu do kraja 2016. godine izmijeniti i dopuniti članove koji nisu dovoljno razjašnjeni, ili postoje problemi u primjeni, te pojačati inspekcijski nadzor nad primjenom novih zakonskih rješenja; - Uskladiti zakonska rješenja iz oblasti socijalne i zdravstvene zaštite sa novim rješenjima u vezi s pravom na porodiljsko odsustvo za očeve; - Izjednačiti naknade u oblasti socijalne zaštite da bi se svim građanima/kama osigurao jednak tretman i ista prava u oblasti rada, socijalne i zdravstvene zaštite; - Ukinuti odredbe kojima se zdravstveno osiguranje nezaposlenih osoba uslovljava rokovima prijavljivanja na evidenciju zavoda za zapošljavanje; - Usvojiti okvirni Zakon o liječenju neplodnosti biomedicinski potpomognutom oplodnjom na državnom nivou.
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Obaveza Bosne i Hercegovine i njenih entiteta, Republike Srpske i Federacije BiH, da izradi detaljan set mjera kojima će unaprijediti poštivanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava lezbejki, gej muškaraca, biseksualnih, transrodnih i interspolnih (LGBTI) osoba proizlazi iz njenih obaveza preuzetih potpisivanjem i ratificiranjem međunarodnih dokumenata, kao i iz članstva u međunarodnim organizacijama. Članstvo u Vijeću Evrope obavezuje je da provodi kako presude Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u Strazburu tako i preporuke koje Vijeće Evrope upućuje svojim državama članicama. Najznačajniji dokument u ovom pogledu svakako je Preporuka CM/Rec(2010)51 o mjerama za suzbijanje diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta koju je 31. marta 2010. godine na 1081. sastanku zamjenika ministara usvojio Odbor ministara_ica Vijeća Europe i uputio je državama članicama, a kojom se preporučuje vladama zemalja članica da: • ispitaju postojeće zakonske i ostale mjere, drže ih pod revizijom, i prikupljaju i analiziraju relevantne podatke u cilju praćenja i obeštećenja bilo koje direktne ili indirektne diskriminacije zasnovane na seksualnoj orijentaciji ili rodnom identitetu; • obezbijede usvajanje i efikasnu primjenu svih zakonodavnih i drugih mjera u borbi protiv diskriminacije zasnovane na seksualnoj orijentaciji ili rodnom identitetu kako bi se osiguralo poštovanje ljudskih prava lezbejki, gej, biseksualnih i transrodnih osoba, i promovirala tolerantnost prema njima; • osiguraju da žrtve diskriminacije budu upoznate sa pravom na efikasan pravni lijek kao i da imaju pristup državnim organima, i da mjere borbe protiv diskriminacije uključuju, gdje je potrebno, sankcije za povredu prava i adekvatnu nadoknadu žrtvama diskriminacije; • države članice treba da se u svojim zakonodavstvima, politikama i praksama rukovode principima i mjerama sadržanim u Dodatku ove Preporuke; • obezbijede odgovarajuća sredstva i akcije da se ova Preporuka, uključujući i Dodatak, prevedu i distribuiraju što je šire moguće. Ova Preporuka je prvi pravni dokument koji se na ovako detaljan način bavi diskriminacijom po ovim osnovama i koji pruža konkretne instrumente za njeno otklanjanje, te unapređenje stanja ljudskih prava i položaja LGBTI osoba u jednom društvu. Kao preporuka, ona nije pravno obavezujuća, ali se, kako je već navedeno, svaka mjera definirana njenim Dodatkom čvrsto zasniva na postojećim pravno obavezujućim međunarodnim i evropskim dokumentima vezanim za poštovanje ljudskih prava, koje BiH ima obavezu da provodi i poštuje, kao što su Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama, Evropska socijalna povelja, Međunarodna konvencija o pravima djeteta, Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima, Međunarodni pakt o ekonomskim, socijalnim i kulturnim pravima i drugi. Jasno je, dakle, da su država BiH, njeni entiteti Republika Srpska i Federacija BiH i Brčko distrikt BiH dužni da provode glavne elemente definirane ovom Preporukom i njenim Dodatkom. Dodatkom ove Preporuke definiraju se prioritetne oblasti, te mjere i aktivnosti koje trebaju biti poduzete u okviru svake od ovih sedam oblasti u cilju otklanjanja neravnopravnosti LGBT osoba u bosanskohercegovačkom društvu. Prioritetne oblasti definirane ovim Dodatkom podijeljene su u 11 poglavlja: I. Pravo na život, bezbjednost i zaštitu od nasilja (zločini iz mržnje i govor mržnje); II. Sloboda udruživanja; III. Sloboda izražavanja i mirnog okupljanja; IV. Pravo na poštivanje privatnog i porodičnog života; V. Zaposlenje; VI. Obrazovanje; VII. Zdravstvo; VIII. Stanovanje; IX. Sport; X. Pravo na azil; XI. Državne strukture za zaštitu ljudskih prava. Predložene mjere i aktivnosti su izvedene i definirane na osnovu navedenih principa, za BiH pravno obavezujućih evropskih i drugih međunarodnih instrumenata i detaljno razrađene u cilju adekvatnog provođenja pojedinačnih preporuka i što lakše primjene u državama članicama. Prijedlog mjera za ravnopravnost LGBTI osoba u BiH izrađen je u cilju unapređenja društvene i pravne ravnopravnosti LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini, provođenja mjera definiranih ovom Preporukom, ali i dosljedne implementacije Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova BiH i Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije BiH u pogledu otklanjanja diskriminacije na osnovi seksualne orijentacije, rodnog identiteta i spolnih karakteristika. Prijedlog mjera izrađen je za period od 2017. do 2019. godine i predstavlja prijedlog strateškog dokumenta koji sadrži strateške ciljeve, programe i mjere za ostvarivanje ravnopravnosti LGBTI osoba u svim oblastima društvenog života i rada, u javnoj i privatnoj sferi. Prijedlog mjera predstavlja paket aktivnosti koji bi trebao da se provede u skladu sa ustavnim nadležnostima u Bosni i Hercegovini, na nivou BiH, odnosno entitetskom, kantonalnom i lokalnom nivou, uključujući i Brčko distrikt BiH, uz poštovanje prava LGBTI osoba, te jasno definiranje obaveza i odgovornosti nadležnih institucija na svim nivoima vlasti.
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The paper reveals the formation of the concept in Bulgaria’s laws in the period 1878–1912, related to the stimulating the settlements in the country. Starting with the Constitution, the author examines some basic laws connected with the implementation of this aim such as the Law on Population of Uninhabited Lands in Bulgaria (1880), the several versions of the Law of Acquisition of Bulgarian Citizenship as well as the legislation connected with the settling of the refugees. Particular groups of laws were targeted to different categories of population abroad with regard to attracting them to the Bulgarian Principality. For the realization of this policy the legislators set out mainly encouraging measures of economic and political nature, with the dominance of those of economic character. The main tendency in reflecting this political concept in the envisaged laws was to gradually expand the opportunities for attracting potential settlers to the country. Nevertheless, there was a marked inconsistency in the implementation of this trend by the government. This was mainly due to the lack of convenience among the ruling circles about the necessity of this type of policy and its enforcement through the existing legislation in the country at that time.
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The journal is structured into sections that reflect current issues in various fields, as follows: International Law, Public Law, Private Law, and Criminal Sciences. The journal continues to promote the innovative element implemented in previous issues — within the respective sections, doctoral students are admitted, the criterion being the completion of doctoral studies and the finalization of the thesis, including the initiation of the defense procedure. This exception confirms the high level of research of the doctoral students. Equally, this rule is applied to experts whose studies are of interest, especially for practitioners. Promoting the idea of supporting young scientific researchers, the journal contains a special section called 'Doctoral Tribune,' where they have the opportunity to publish their research results, with the works being reviewed by experts in the field.
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The paper is a critical overview of the recently issued regulations (December 2022 – June 2024) on movable cultural heritage and museums in Romania. The main elements of the new regulations reinforce the advisory role of the scientific external body of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, the National Commission for Museums and Collections, administrative procedures for declaring cultural goods as national treasure and for the pre-emption right of the Romanian state in acquiring cultural goods classified as national treasure, as well as new sanctioning competences for the Romanian Police, in the field of national movable cultural heritage.
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