Ksenologie

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Nowy interdyscyplinarny, monograficzny tom jest w historii cyklu „Perspektywy Ponowoczesności” szczególny, bo znacząco metarefleksyjny. Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta pokazuje w nim w sposób bezpośredni, że pomieszanie sfery społecznej i kulturowej w jego nazwie nie jest przypadkowe. Trawestując Foucaulta, można powiedzieć, że w ramach badań Ośrodka związki między kulturą i polityką są permanentne i fundamentalne. Nieprzypadkowo w motcie do jednej części książki redaktorzy tomu „obnażają chwyt” i wprost przytaczają źródło nazwy Ośrodka, cytat z „Jutrzenki”: „Facta. Tak, facta ficta. Wszyscy historycy mówią o rzeczach, które nie istniały poza ich wyobraźnią”. Nietzsche pisze w nim dość wąsko o dyskursach historii – ale czyż dzieje ludzkich konfliktów nie są zarazem wyimaginowaną historią i topografią tak swojskości, jak i obcości? A zatem proponowany monograficzny projekt badawczy zajmuje się właśnie „mapowaniem obcości”. W tak zatytułowanym błyskotliwym wstępie do rozważań zacytowana jest, pomiędzy wieloma innymi, intrygująca myśl Waldenfelsa (wyraźnego, intelektualnego patrona całej publikacji): Obce należy do tego, co nas nachodzi. Nie gdy jest sobie daleko – ale gdy nas „nachodzi”. Taka jest perspektywa tomu – obcości nie poznamy, nie doświadczając uzurpacji i złudzeń swojskości. Zbliżymy się do obcego tylko wtedy, gdy poprzez refleksyjną postawę u-JA-rzmimy niepokoje związane z tym „najściem”. Nasze porządki symboliczne w swej pozornej „samowitości” doświadczają nieustannie tak realnych, jak i wyimaginowanych inwazji zewnętrzności. Oznaczenie wielu z nich wartościującą kategorią obcości omawiane jest w kolejnych rozdziałach „Ksenologii” uporządkowanych w czytelnym koncepcie dyskursywnych doświadczeń Facta i mimetycznych narracji Ficta.

Pucz jako mit założycielski. Filary ideologiczne Nowej Turcji

Author(s): Mateusz Chudziak / Language(s): Polish

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi autorską próbę rekonstrukcji ideowych podstaw Republiki Tureckiej, przechodzącej od 2002 roku głęboką transformację pod rządami Partii Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (AKP). Transformacja ta na poziomie ideowym weszła w decydujący etap po zamachu stanu z 15 lipca 2016 roku, udaremnionym przez zwolenników rządu. Pucz jest traktowany jako nowoczesny mit polityczny, który służy władzom do budowania całościowej opowieści o rządzonej przez nie Turcji oraz do definiowania fundamentalnych wartości i tożsamości państwa. Rozumienie nowoczesnego mitu politycznego zaczerpnięto z klasycznej pracy Ernsta Cassirera, który wychodząc od definicji mitu jako „uosobionego pragnienia zbiorowego”, stwierdza, że mit to „emocja obrócona w obraz”. Dodatkowo najistotniejszą cechą takich nowoczesnych mitów politycznych jest fakt tworzenia ich przez przywódców, którzy w swoich działaniach mających na celu określenie charakteru i tożsamości państwa łączą elementy myślenia emocjonalnego, irracjonalnego z umiejętnością ich świadomego i zręcznego wykorzystania. Tworzenie całościowej opowieści o państwie nie może być pozostawione przypadkowi.

Examining Armed Conflict: Theoretical Reflections on Selected Aspects

Author(s): Zdeněk Kříž,Kateřina Fridrichová,Zinaida Shevchuk,Jana Urbanovská,Martin Chovančík / Language(s): English

Studies on armed conflicts are among the traditional themes of international relations. Neither the theoretical, nor the practical importanceof this issue is declining in any way. It is an extremely complex research field, integrating a plethora of findings from international relations, social sciences, as well as natural sciences. The complexity of the issue exacts a plurality of theoretical and methodological approaches in examining the phenomenon of wars. Consolidating obtained findings into a homogenous and coherent framework can, however, be even more demanding. This work represents a contribution to ongoing academic discussion in all major areas currently relevant to armed conflict research while identifying the main issues of academic debate and analyzing their shared features.

L’absurde dans le théâtre Dada et présurréaliste français

Author(s): Mariana Kunešová / Language(s): French

The publication focuses on the absurd in the French Dada and pre-surrealist theatre, examining the scenical potential of three texts which have, until now, remained practically unexplored: “La Premiere aventure celeste de Mr. Antipyrine” by T. Tzara, “Les Mysteres de l’amour” by R. Vitrac, and “S’il vous plait” by A. Breton and P. Soupault. The author understands the absurd as an aesthetic category applicable to theatre analysis in general – contrary to the “Theatre of the absurd”, a concept suggested by M. Esslin in order to characterize the avant-garde of the 1950s and often criticized for its lack of precision. The conclusion evaluates Esslin's contribution to the study of the absurd in theatre.

Mandala and History: Bidia Dandarovich Dandaron and Buryat Buddhism

Author(s): Luboš Bělka / Language(s): English

The book brings an original presentation of unique materials from the mid- 1970s which have not been published in an English language monograph so far. It contains a visual analysis of historical photographs from Buryatia and Tibet and the analysis of author's own field observations and recordings of interviews.

Nicolai Dresdensis Apologia: De conclusionibus doctorum in Constantia de materia sanguinis

Author(s): Petra Mutlová / Language(s): Czech

This book contains a critical edition of Apologia, a Latin treatise written by a Hussite nonconformist Nicholas of Dresden in 1415, whereby the author reacted to the prohibition of the lay chalice, one of the most outstanding symbols of the Hussite movement. The edition comprises a critical apparatus, reassessment of the textual tradition of the text based on surviving manuscript copies as well as an analysis of the structure of the text and its models. The book is primarily aimed at researchers dealing with the Early Bohemian Reformation, nevertheless due to the wider context provided by the critical edition of the material, it will well serve the historians, philologists, lawyers, and theologians as well.

Slovosledné změny v bulharských a srbských evangelních památkách z 12. a 13. Století

Author(s): Elena Krejčová / Language(s): Czech

This monograph explores word order transformations in some Bulgarian and Serbian Church-Slavonic gospel transcriptions. The changes in word order in these texts are registered as variants to an Old Church-Slavonic text (Codex Marianus) and to the text of Old Greek New Testament. The publication discovers the principles on which the word order in the texts from the 12th and 13th century was organized and finds some differences from the word order in Old Church-Slavonic language. It also focuses on the question of occurrence of some new, progressive tendencies, and new, different word order models.

Texte über Filme: Stilanalysen anhand von Filmrezensionen und filmbezogenen Texten

Author(s): Jiřina Malá / Language(s): German

The study presents a stylistic textual analysis based on examples of film reviews and similar texts devoted to film as published in a variety of German magazines and newspapers (both printed an on-line). The corpus analyzed contains 470 texts about films from German magazines and dailies Der Spiegel, Focus, Die Zeit, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, sueddeutsche.de etc. The comparative aspect is represented by several Czech sources, such as texts from the website iDnes.cz.

Tremendismo: el sabor amargo de la vida: Tras las huellas de la estética tremendista en la narrativa española del siglo XX

Author(s): Athena Alchazidu / Language(s): Spanish

Tremendism is one of the most peculiar phenomena that appeared on the Spanish cultural scene in the 20th century. Its origin at the beginning of the 1940s had been accompanied with several polemics that have gradually faded out. Tremendism appeared along with a new literary group, the so called Generation of 36, whose literary works influenced the later development of the Spanish narrative. A greater revival of interest in this issue took place only much later, especially in the 1990s after Camilo Jose Cela, the leading representative of tremendism, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. At the same time, new writers from the Generation X published their tremendist novels. This monograph is a contribution to the academic discussion on tremendism as a literary phenomenon.

Mezigenerační učení: Teorie, výzkum, praxe

Author(s): Milada Rabušicová,Karla Brücknerová,Lenka Kamanová,Petr Novotný,Kateřina Pevná,Zuzana Vařejková / Language(s): Czech

Intergenerationality is one of the most natural aspects of learning, which stays with us for all of our lives. The age difference between the learner and the person teaching feels natural. The general assumption is that this age difference will guarantee a sufficiency of information, stimuli and experience which the learner will be able to profit from. This volume is trying to problematize this “natural feel” of intergenerational learning. We are showing that learning situations in which people from different generations encounter one another are specific in many respects: by learning contents, by types of activity of the individual participants while providing and accepting learning stimuli, by the variety of learning situations and opportunities. The book explores at the theoretical level and also by empirical research of intergenerational learning across social environments: in school, in the workplace, and in communities.

Pohybová aktivita a tělesná kultura pohledem evoluční ontologie: K otázce „filosofické kinantropologie“

Author(s): Vratislav Moudr / Language(s): Czech

Evolutionary ontology claims that culture as an open dynamic system destructs system of nature (biosphere) which is wider and older than culture. Culture must gain its energy, space and matter only through destruction and destabilisation of biosphere. The very existence of humankind (and of culture too) is threatened by successful evolution of sociocultural system. Personal activity of man so can be seen as participation on escatation of conflict between nature and culture. The flow of energy, matter and information is just mediated by human aktivity. Therefore we can understand to intentional activities of man in culture as artificial culturaly oriented processes, which are components of “autopoietic” metabolism of culture that is now highly destructive for nature and society. Aim of this monograph is thus present evolutionary ontology as fruitful theoretical point of view in the field of philosophy of sport. Author reflects on activities of man and its distinctive forms – physical training and sport exercising. He analyzes sociocultural system of physical culture, searchs for its function (identity) and its relations to culture, nature and human. Text is focused mainly on sociocultural orientation of human activities. Its autor also outlines where these activities should be oriented from the evolutionary ontological point of view.

Studie a stati 1

Author(s): Jaroslav Střítecký / Language(s): Czech,German

The core of the volume is the texts dealing with Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911). Although his texts could be interpreted from point of view of cultural history, the author tries to make a philosophical interpretation. Although they may seem thematically distant, the other texts are based on the development of Dilthey motifs. Kantian inspiration was evident in the analysis of the Enlightenment concept of woman and family, as well as in the interpretation of the Central European tradition of aesthetic formalism. The emergence of the philosophy of history and sociological theory in the philosophy of language and the theory of communicative behavior is shown in an analysis of the most important texts by Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel.

Počátky latinské písemné kultury v českých zemích: Nejstarší latinské rukopisy a zlomky v Čechách a na Moravě

Author(s): Dalibor Havel / Language(s): Czech

"The monograph focuses the onset of the Latin written culture in Bohemia and Moravia, especially its sources. Its focus lies on the presentation of manuscript fragments of the early medieval era, which were usually excluded from the codicological discourse or marginalised; most of them are published for the first time. The intrusion of the Latin caroline script in the Bohemian lands is presented on the base of a complex palaeographical and codicological anlysis as a phenomenon, that accompanied the Latin trend of christianisation, which came into the central Danubian region from the ecclesiastical centres of Bavaria during the IXth Cent. From mid-11th century on, the preserved sources show an important transformation: the initial passivity (i. e. dependence of the Bohemian lands upon the import of books from other countries) is transforming into an active participation of Bohemia in the transcriptions of Latin texts. In this period the oldest identifiable scribe school in the Bohemian lands can be traced – the scriptorium in Břevnov monastery founded during the long abbotship of Meginhardus. The book includes coloured pictures of all relevant sources including diagrams visualising the codicological conclusions; codicological and palaeographical registers are added."

Filosofie jako životní cesta: Ad honorem Jan Zouhar

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

The collection of papers Philosophy as a Life Journey was published in honour of Jan Zouhar, a distinguished professor, an expert in the history of Czech philosophy and an organizer of university life. The volume begins with an interview in which Professor Zouhar outlines his philosophical creed. The core of the collection comprises six personal contributions (Laudationes) and sixteen original scientific works that focus on a wide range of issues related to philosophy, history, literature, language, ethnography and culture. The final part of the volume (Appendices) contains a brief curriculum vitae of Professor Zouhar and a selection of his works and photographs followed by a list of volume contributors.

Kondycja współczesnej rodziny – ujęcie interdyscyplinarne

Author(s): Monika Kornaszewska-Polak,Monika Gwóźdź,Marek Wójtowicz,Leokadia Szymczyk / Language(s): Polish

The concept of the monograph was created on the basis of the observation of contemporary world and the changes taking place in it. In the postmodern world, the concepts of human nature, family, community, love, development, freedom have been redefined – in the face of intensively changing cultural, economic, political and health phenomena. For centuries the family has been the basic source of shaping the attitudes of individuals, but now these natural processes have been degraded in favor of the progressive visions of man and society. The changes affected the family structure, its functions, rules of conduct and value systems. The monograph presents a multifaceted analysis of changes in marriage and family from the following scientific perspectives: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, theology and canon law.

Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar- II

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish,English

Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar - V

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish

Technological developments and globalization has changed human nature. This change directly affects all stages of human life. At this point, it becomes inevitable to carry out research on people and human life. All studies carried out in the field of Social Sciences aim to understand human, human life and human nature. In this work, which was put forward in order to understand the human, different studies from different disciplines were discussed and a step was tried to be built in order to reach this goal, albeit to some extent.

Feminizam i religija u 21. Stoljeću: Tehnologija, dijalog i širenje granica

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Ovaj zbornik pod nazivom Feminizam i religija u 21. stoljeću: tehnologija, dijalog i širenje granica predstavlja pionirsko izdanje. Razne autorice pišu o transformacijskim efektima komunikacijskih tehnologija, internetu, blogovima i društvenim medijima, poput Twittera i Facebooka, u zajednicama žena i muškaraca koji se bave religijom i feminizmom. Žene su izuzetno uključene u digitalni svijet jer dominiraju blogovima, a predstavljaju većinu ukupnih korisnika društvenih medija. Ti mediji razbijaju granice, komuniciraju globalno i preko brojnih podjela, a ženama dozvoljavaju da se bave različitim pitanjima polazeći od vlastitog iskustva.

Przestrzeń społeczno-kulturowa złożonego układu osadniczego

Author(s): Jerzy Runge / Language(s): Polish

The Katowice conurbation had taken shape beginning with the end of the 18th century in the borderlands of two states, Poland and Germany. In this sense, it was an area situated on the peripheries of both countries. Permanent and dynamic interactions between different national-ethnic groups resulted in cultural intermingling. Beginning with the middle of the 20th century, this complex settlement system was already at the centre of socio-economic development on a supra-regional scale. As a result of multidirectional migration, influenced by intensive industrialisation, social relations evolved between the migrants and the local (indigenous) population, as well as between the migrants themselves. The aim of this study is to analyse the early multicultural nature of selected cities in the Katowice conurbation against a methodological and terminological background and to indicate the extent to which this feature might be an asset in present-day socio-economic transformations in this area. The temporal and spatial overlapping of various origins of socio-cultural links and relations leads the author to formulate the concepts of cultural genotype and primary and secondary cultural genotype, and to exemplify the formation of cultural genotypes in the Katowice conurbation.

Druidism, Tengrism, Taaraism: Current Reactivations of Ancient Spiritualities and Religions, From Identity to Politics

Author(s): / Language(s): English

“In this book, we have named the phenomena neoreligion and reactivation. Neoreligion does not mean a change inside institutionalised religion, it does not correspond to some kind of dogmatic creative crisis, which would bring established religious groups to claim to create something new while only dusting out ancient components of their religion. It is not to confuse, either, with some kind of religious nostalgia, a desire to return to the origins or foundations of a religion. Such a dynamic can be observed with the born-again phenomena – obvious in the spheres of monotheistic religions – that is individual religious revivalism of people who are often searching for a supposedly original orthodoxy.Neoreligion, on the contrary, is the phenomenon where, outside existing religions, new religions are created, but not from nothing: they are reactivated in a new form. They take their roots – or at least claim to do so – in traditional or ancient beliefs and adopt some of the imagined traditional behaviours. The movement, therefore, is one of transformation, since it is a takeover of the old. But this change does not simply follow the logic of the old: there is also a dimension of novelty, of creation.This volume is dedicated to studying these phenomena: describing and analysing their various appearances, uncovering their logic and dynamics, shedding light on the motivations of followers, and discussing their consequences.”