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Reflect on the sacral value of visual art-facts, symbolizing life – as a philosophy of development in ascending gradation and the eternal repetition of intrinsic values, as well as their nurturing role in Bulgarian secondary school.
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The main question of ethnology is: What is the attitude of the researchers (ethnologists, folklorists, anthropologists, and in general researchers in humanities) towards the spiritual word, that is, towards the religious and mythological believes and ideas. What is their answer to the fundamental question if there are two worlds, material and spiritual, or is there only one world, the material one? A researcher could take only one of these two positions. A constituent premise for solving this question is the understanding that the Bulgarian, the so-called “folklore person”, till recent time is homo religiosus, that is a person who lives in and through the religious world. If ethnologists do not have this view point, how could they interpret the phenomena of present-day Bulgarian folklore culture?
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In this article; we will examine the question concerning the roots and the meaning of the settlements: Samokov; Alino; Belchin and Popovyane. Each name is key to unveiling moments of their history and establishment. We begin with the earliest historical records of the settlements; to give us context about the meaning of their names. The available historical sources are dated between the middle of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century. These names; with little exemptions; remain unchanged to this day. Their toponyms predate the Turkish slavery in the region.
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The text contain the information about Averkiy – one of those Bulgarians, whose particular deserts for the development of the school deed, the fight against the Phanariots, the literature and the national revolutionary fights. He is also a cleric, and author of church chants, and figure of the Bulgarian national Renaissance. He was born in Dupnitsa in 1802 in the family of a priest. As for many figures of the period of the Renaissance there is not much kept information. Averkiy has worked as a teacher for many years. From 1858 to 1878 he is an abbot in the Monastery of Osogovo – “St. Yoakim Osogovski” (today’s Republic of North Macedonia). After the liberation, the Monastery of Osogovo stays within the borders of the Ottoman Empire – this is the reason to movement of Averkiy to the Zhablenski monastery (in the area of Radomir, Bulgaria). He spends his last years reconstructing the monastery Averkiy dies in 1881. We determine Averkiy as a collective figure of the fighters of the epoch of the Bulgarian Renaissance. Clever, highly- educated, devout and sacrificial. This is him – worker for the enlightenment and literature, fighter for church independence, rebellion and preacher.
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This paper is investigating how the Crimean War (1853 – 1856) was depicted in the Journals of Queen Victoria. The Queen's Journals are a valuable source of information about this phase of the Eastern Question. They can provide an important perspective on the conflict between the West and Russia.
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There is an old legend that tells a story about the origins of the name of the town Vinica, which is located in the east of R.N. Macedonia. According to the legend, long time ago there was a severe drought in the town and because of the lack of water and abundance of wine, when 163 building houses people used wine to make mortar. And the town got its name. But opposed to the legend there are old written sources in which the toponym Vinica is mentioned. It was first documented in the Slavic written monuments from the 16th century. The name is of Slavic origins and means a place where vine grows, vineyard. People of Vinica have always been known for growing large areas of quality vine and production of good quality wine. We have learned from the historical sources that the first vineyards here were cultivated even in the ancient times, at the time of Roman arrival. During the archeological excavations in Vinica area various mobile materials made of metal and ceramics from different periods was found on which vines (grapes) are engraved as decorative ornaments. Among the most exhibited is the ceramic relief ‘79 Psalm of Asaf” (Grapevine), part of the world famous Terracotta reliefs, on which, in the central part a grapevine with grapes is depicted. This relief that has inscription VINEAM in its upper part today is recognizable trademark of the town under Vinichko Kale.
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I attempt to restore elements of the horizon of perception that readers and listeners of the Bernabò and Zinevra novella (IX, Day II) from Decameron may have had in Italian cities in the mid-14th century. I discuss topics such as sustainability in social roles, cruelty and justice, the image of wolves, topography, the relationship between fairy tale and authenticity, the importance of the exemplum. The novel exemplum conveys experience, indicates a norm and its violation. Speaking of truth, deception and punishment, the short story establishes a pattern of behaviour.
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The article analyzes Victor Paskov's story "The Ballad of Georg Henich", following the four genre paradigms that build its unique composition. These paradigms are: ballad, story, memoir and passion. Each of them has its own way of processing the life material, its own composition and way of building the images of the main characters, its own way of posing the artistic problem, as well as a specific way of impact and social function. Despite the differences between the four genre paradigms clearly present in this book, its semantic world is emphatically unified. This unity is ensured by the fact that the idea of truth underlies all four genre models. In essence, this book observes four ways of presenting and evaluating the truth, which are so organically intertwined that they form a unique, harmonious and emotionally convincing whole.
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The article reveals the attitude of “Zlatorog” towards state policies in culture and education. With the help of the problem-chronological and culturological approach is substantiated the statement that the journal insists on the state management of the spiritual life to be based on the principles of high professionalism, humanity and free development of the creative abilities. Some new arguments support the view that this journal is not apolitical and aesthetically self-closed, but is an active participant in the public debate on the culture and the value formation of young people. “Zlatorog” is presented as a platform for independent intellectuals concerned with the spiritual growth of society who critically analyze the state’s cultural and educational directives and act as their corrective.
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The object of this article are the books from the series Children's Life which Geo Milev published in 1913 and 1914. In literary studies the series has usually been mentioned in order to illustrate the early literary interests and publishing ambitions of its author and only single poems from the books have been interpreted by the scholars when presenting his children’s works. The aim of this article is to prove that as an integral initiative the poems from Children’s Life can be placed in the broader context of Geo Milev’s modernist project. In the first part of the article the history of the series is presented and an unknown poem by the poet is published. In the second part it is emphasized on the author’s desire to show his readers the modernist parameters of what he called “aesthetic emotion”.
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The paper aims to comment on the representation of the 1920s, seen through the last few years of the lives of the poet Geo Milev and the anarchist Georgi Sheytanov, as shown in one of the most famous contemporary Bulgarian novels, written by Hristo Karastoyanov, “The Same Night Awaits Us All”. In order this to be achieved a few key scenes are analyzed, since they introduce main themes and narrative strategies, followed throughout the novel, as well as point out the allegorical contrast between light and darkness, good and evil. Subject to interpretation are also the characters’ motifs, actions, emotional states and reactions, particularly to the presence of death, which seems to be impossible to overlook and plays an importing part in setting the overall tone of the novel.
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Changing the focus in modern education from teaching knowledge to acquiring key competences requires the development of new, practically oriented, interactive methodological solutions. The article outlines theoretical perspectives for future investigation, based on the results from lessons carried out according to the Waldorf system of teaching – innovative for Bulgaria. They point to opportunities of developing interdisciplinary teaching in English, Bulgarian (Music, Visual Arts, Philosophy, Citizenship) through (literary) translation as a learning activity. Thus conditions could be created for going beyond a particular subject, hence for learning in the context of universal human themes. This could allow for the acquiring of basic life skills and the integrated development of key competences: literacy competence, multilingual competence, cultural awareness and expression competence, citizenship competence, including intercultural competence.
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In the eastern part of R. N. Macedonia, under the slopes of the mountain Plachkovica is the city of Vinica. With exceptional natural wealth and predispositions, it has always been a place where many civilizations, traditions and cultures intertwined and complemented each other. The celebrating and respecting of the religious holidays, among which the holiday dedicated to St. Theodore is especially important, are part of the rich Vinica tradition. Theodore’s Saturday or Todorica is a holiday dedicated to the Holy Great Martyr Theodore. This Orthodox Christian holiday does not have a permanent date but is celebrated on the first Saturday of Easter 306 fasting, i.e. on the first Saturday after Procka (the Holiday of forgiveness). Although Theodore’s Saturday is a church holiday and this is indicated by many customs that are performed in the church, on this day there are also many customs performed that originate from much older times. In our region, in Vinica, this holiday is marked by two significant events. One of the events is connected with the church where on this day all newlywed brides (wedded from March of the previous year to this year’s) gather together with their mothers-in-law, the young daughters-in-law bow to their mothers-in-law and kiss their hands and their mothers-in-law give them presents. This custom has been practiced for years. The second event is related to the event “Theodore’s races” where people take part in sports games with a competitive and fun spirit, which were practiced by our ancestors hundreds of years ago. People from 7 to 77 years old take part in these races. This is also the most massive event held in Vinica. Proof that this saint was revered a long time ago in these parts of the country, is the “Terracotta icons” St. Theodore from the 5th – 6th century found at the archeological site Vinichko Kale.
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This article presents the application of mathematical analysis in reading folklore and argues for the significance of the method to study historical sources. This work also shows which is the city, described in the Bulgarian folk songs with a motif “A Virgin rescues Malta”.
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The article discusses a number of set phrases incorporated in the text of the Bible. The author focuses on the history of the units: a heart of stone, an eye for an eye, and to hide one’s light under bushel. The different traditions and the primary contexts in which they were initially used are shown and also some of the most significant transformations of their meanings up to the present day were analysed. Although their antiquity supposed only hypothetical findings, the discussed connections with ancient cultures pile specific connotations on their meanings.
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This article presents the goals and the preparatory stage of a new project, which examines how contemporary adapted versions of verbal folklore can be applied in some innovative education concepts. The new version of “Veda Slovena” has been put as an example for an experimental reading implemented by children, parents and teachers.
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Monitoring child’s development in the early and preschool years is of utmost importance as this is a period of great plasticity, during which children respond best to therapy and to stimulation. Psychological assessment in this period of life is an important part of the process of early identification of developmental problems. The result of it could help parents to choose timely an appropriate intervention program. This paper aims to present the basic principles of good practices for psychological assessment of development in early and preschool children. The authors discuss validated and proven models that meet professional standards and ethical requirements.
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What we see around us and how today will affect tomorrow is all depending on our creativity. Our intelligent life is inspired from our imagination. Since the world exists the main source of ideas has derived from the fairy tales and fables that humanity learned in its infancy. These brainstorming sources of ideas are constantly used by the science and technology to move our life forward through embodying our dreams for freedom, justice, democracy and sustainability through smart concepts and solutions. The future is here inspired by myths and legends and represented by Michio Kaku in his futuristic visions. Our proposed work is to visualise some of these ideas into smart concepts for the future. Our panel will discuss and demonstrate how an idea can transform storytelling into a VR concept and will shed light onto the rise of some of the most ground-breaking emerging technologies.
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As drivers of economic and social growth, and engines of innovation, cities develop urban intelligence relying on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a source to ensure high quality of life and improve processes and services. Smart cities and smart communities help build urban intelligence within cities aiming to proceed towards urban sustainability and promoting innovation and knowledge creation. Cities identify smart and intelligent solutions to facing and solving urban problems, by using the potential offered by information technology to drive innovative processes and proceed towards sustainable urban growth. Information technology helps cities to rediscover the meaning of community as an organizational framework that fosters collaboration within urban spaces. Local government, business, education and citizens understand the potential of information technology in order to transform the community in significant ways through collaboration. Intelligent cities as communities promote technological innovation and encourage people to work for achieving urban sustainability. As engines of innovation, cities as smart communities proceed towards urban intelligence by developing the urban community as an intelligent city which rediscovers a pathway for growth and knowledge, innovation and value creation.
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