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The Internet is at present one of the most important tools of political communication. From the point of view of politicians, it is a perfect tool, not only for economic reasons, but also because the fact that it offers the possibility of permanent communication, which is especially important in the period in-between campaigns. The present article aims to discuss the use of internet sites and social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) by the presidents of cities with county rights from the Silesian Voivodeship. The research conducted indicates the insufficient and inefficient use of the Internet by the politicians subjected to the study. It also demonstrates the intensification of communicative activities on the Internet during election campaigns, and its gradual suppression in the period in-between campaigns.
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This article discusses the features of the work of an elementary school teacher in an inclusive class. This problem was examined through the prism of advanced training for primary school teachers in the framework of the applied research project “Optimization of inclusive education in the process of continuous formation of professional competence of didactic personnel in preschool and primary school” at Balti State University A. Russo, as a result of which she developed a structural-functional model of training specialists in this field in the process of their training in continuing education courses. The features of the teacher’s work are correlated with the program of continuing education courses, and the methods of work of teachers.
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The teaching strategies are characterized by flexibility, adapting them to the situations, learning conditions, but also the target group to which they are oriented. Adaptive restructuring of strategies depends on several factors, such as: - creativity and spontaneity of the teacher; - ability to identify the student's needs, - the possibility to use the child's strengths. Teaching strategies for training computing skills in children with Down Syndrome require a complex of interventions, resources, ways of activating them, of combining and arousing using "productive" devices of knowledge, mobilization, association and memorization. constructivist approaches as the teacher ensures that the process of teaching, learning and assessment will be focused on providing the information necessary for students to learn and think, practicing logical thinking, analytical, critical, synthesis, evaluation and resolution skills. of problems.
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The article deals with the problem of using the games and gaming techniques in literature lessons in working with children with special educational needs. The author describes the difficulties that pupils experience in studying literary texts, gives examples of game techniques that help pupils with special educational needs to learn and understand literary texts. It reveals the functions of gaming activities, as well as the development objectives of pupils that are achieved in gaming activities.
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The article in question touches upon the problem of social and professional integration of pupils with special educational needs, focusing on the access to education and career guidance, so that they acquire the quality of socially useful citizen having a productive job. It highlights the principles, the difficulties and the opportunities of social and professional integration of people with special needs. It proposes some exemples of activities and working methods with pupils from primary classes aiming to facilitate the career choise.
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The problems of the modern labor market are subject of growing interest in the research field of the political discussions and management practices. Of particular relevance they acquire at the beginning of the period of economic and political transition, they deepen according to the Bulgaria's membership in the European Union, and in more modern times arise into the new challenges in the new demographic, economic and social realities. One of the key and at the same time most complex tasks of the modern economy is the formation of an effectively functioning, dynamic and civilized labor market.
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The report analyses the current state and the opportunities of distance learning in accounting at a university of economics by emphasizing the training provided to the students of Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, where the author is a professor at the moment. The features of the distancelearning in the accounting program are being highlighted and its characteristics are being pointed out. The formed conclusions regarding the research are being made as a result of the performed analysis.
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The article is devoted to the assessment of the importance for the professional development of the future teacher of the need to form the foundations of religious tolerance. The role and place of the innovative Russian project «Ethno-Calendar of St. Petersburg» as an effective means of improving the quality of modern higher pedagogical education are presented. «Ethno-calendar» is considered in the context of future primary school teachers studying the course «Educational space of St. Petersburg», based on the experience of its testing in the Institute of childhood of Pedagogical University A. I. Herzen (St. Petersburg)
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In this text, the attitude of music-religion is subordinated to the idea of integrating the religious themes into the educational process of music history. In a broad interdisciplinary framework, some philosophical-aesthetic, cultural, sociological, psychological aspects of the problem are affected, as deliberately sought distance from purely theological and accent on the general culture.
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If it was not for the coronavirus pandemic, 2019 and the beginning of 2020 wouldnot have been regarded in the international politics as overly exciting. One exceptionwas the American-Iranian crisis at the turn of 2019/20. America under Donald Trumpcontinued to waste its leadership capital at both global and transatlantic level. The Weststarted to show signs of its triple division into the US – Western Europe – and Central/Southern Europe, with the latter widening the distance from “old Europe” and shiftingpolitically towards a second class democracy at best. Under Viktor Orbán, Hungarybecame in a way the fi rst private state in contemporary Europe. Transition of power atthe top of EU institutions paralyzed the Union’s foreign activity. Russia, despite its ratherpoor domestic performance, was doing well internationally mainly due to the weakEU and the hectic American policy. China continued its stable course, although itseconomy was slowly losing its previous impetus. Thomas Hobbes’s visions of politicsseemed to settle down in the wider Middle East, where there were many mid- and microlevelconfl icts, clashes and tensions, and no hope for a clear weather. The coronaviruspandemic, which started during the fi rst months of 2020 and will last for a few monthsmore, will bring deep consequences for the global and national economies all overthe world as well as for international politics. However, COVID-19 driven changes needmore time for a credible assessment.
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The article discusses the evolution and functioning of the Common Securityand Defence Policy of the EU in 2019. The authors begin with an analysis of the maindeterminants of cooperation within CSDP, focusing on the impact of the perspectiveon Brexit as well as internal political changes and tensions in main European countries(France, Germany), and US-Europe relations. They discuss the evolution of the politicaldimension of European cooperation on security and defence, including the debates onEuropean strategic autonomy and changes in European institutions. They also presentthe development of PESCO, including the course of the debates on the participationof third states in this initiative, as well as it’s functioning in 2019. Additionally, theyanalyze current changes in operational activities (i.e. CSDP missions and operations),including modifi cations of key instruments for executing such actions, like the socalled Civilian Compact. In conclusion, they off er an overall assessment of the resultsand achievements of CSDP in 2019, together with a concise prognosis of its futuredevelopment.
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The article assesses the activity of the Security Council in 2019. It explains the reasonsbehind Russia’s and China’s vetoes concerning the situation in the Middle Eastand Venezuela, and the discussion blockade on the situation in Ukraine and Myanmar.It describes the main trends in decisions on country and regional situations, as wellas in the adoption of thematic resolutions. In addition, it summarizes the progressof peacekeeping operations and the impact of Polish membership in the SecurityCouncil. The article argues that some problems which cause political tension arecurrently “juridicized”; that Russia and China oppose inclusion of Human Rights issuesin the Security Council works; and that Poland concludes its membership with rathermeagre results.
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In 2019, the nuclear arms control architecture collapsed. The article presents the mostimportant examples of this process; fi rstly, the continuing destruction of the nuclearagreement with Iran – JCPOA – and no progress on full denuclearization of the KoreanPeninsula; secondly, compliance with the obligations arising from the New STARTwith no decisions regarding its future; and thirdly, US withdrawal from INF and itsultimate collapse.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the ongoing 2019 confl icts in the Middle Eastand Africa. The selection of armed confl icts was made on the basis of two maincriteria: intensity, i.e. the scale of battle-deaths; and internationalization, i.e. militaryinvolvement of third countries. As part of the Strategic Yearbook series that reviewscurrent armed confl icts, this study is a continuation of analyses from previous editions.Its purpose is to explore the conditions and dynamics of the 2019 armed confl ictsand their implications for international security. It also explains the reasons of theirincreasing intensity and internationalization.
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The article surveys an analysis of the most important energy market trends fromthe perspective of their importance for global and European energy security and globalclimate security. The author illustrates the importance of both climate change challengesand traditional threats to energy security – especially those related to the oil suppliesdisruptions and price fl uctuations – on the dynamically changing energy market. In 2019,global oil market experienced the largest disruptions in the 21st century due to the attackon Saudi Arabia’s oil facilities in Abqaiq. How did this spectacular event impact oil/energy security? How did contemporary demand-supply trends help in managingthe 2019 disruptions? Finally, the author examines the scale of transformative changesin the energy market with regard to energy effi ciency, renewable energy, CO2 emissions,and how energy-climate policy interacts with the energy security environment.
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2019 brought massive and fi erce protests to Hong Kong. Contentious politics in thisSpecial Administrative Region of China should be seen through the deep changesin Hong Kong’s society and politics after the Handover. Mainlandization of the regionis met with public resistance. This article underlines the economic, social and politicalreasons of this resistance and the growth of radical politics in Hong Kong, and it discussesthe changes in tactics of the protesters.
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The collapse of existing political and social structures in the Middle East creates spacefor seeking new systemic solutions. For many countries, this is an opportunity tochange their position and international roles in the region. Especially Iran and Turkeyhave become very active, seeking to strengthen their regional position. Being twoof the largest countries in the Middle East, their actions entail consequences that gobeyond the region, thus becoming the subject of non-regional powers.
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The article discusses Poland’s foreign policy in 2019/2020. The government continued itsEurosceptical policy, getting involved in numerous confl icts with European institutionsand showing scepticism towards further deepening of European integration. Mucheff ort was put into the relations with the United States, especially in the area of security.The eff ectiveness of regional forums proved to be limited. The policy towards easternneighbours was determined mainly by historical problems.
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