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The Information Society’s phenomenon is a subject of interest of many scientific disciplines, among them geography, economy and sociology. The ESPON 1.2.3 project differ against a background of research on the Information Society because of its thematic and spatial scope of the analyses. The operational objective of the project was not only the description of Information Society’s state and trends in Europe from the territorial perspective15, but also analysis of Information Society’s effects on spatial development in different types of regions and formulation on that basis of policy recommendations for macro-, meso- and microlevels. The project has been the first attempt to include the issues of the Information Society into research conducted in the field of spatial development within the enlarged European Union and it should be conceived as a pilot study for the future research.
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The paper is devoted to the problems of development of peripheral regions. It contains a review of theories of endogenous and exogenous development and a description of their evolution. Based on this theoretical discussion two model strategies are presented: (1) modernization of endogenous potential and (2) building the new endogenous potential of a region. In its further part the paper focuses on the experiences of peripheral regions in Portugal and Finland. Finally it offers the recommendations for public policies in the peripheral regions of Eastern Poland.
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A high ranking position of Lower Silesia among Polish voivodeships based on its competitiveness, attractiveness for investors and accessibility as well as on its innovative potential is a good starting point for achieving the goals of the Renewed Lisbon Strategy as well as for making it a Region of Knowledge. Innovativeness and attractiveness for investors however are a dynamic status which a region has to compete for in an incessant rivalry with the best ones involving institutional and social partners. The Structural Funds – aptly streamed to and implemented – are only some efficient tools and not a goal itself. An apt profiting by the strong position of Wroclaw agglomeration as well as by experience of Wroclaw Technical University being a local leader of innovation, combined with wider than up till now learning from the experience of Lower Silesia’s partner regions and building an attractive offer for investors in high tech and services will make it possible to achieve final goals indicated in strategies.
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Article presents results of the analysis of 15 regional innovation strategies prepared by the Polish regions in the years 2002–2005. The stress was put on their conformity with the standards. In particular, adequacy of the diagnosis and objectives and character and scope of the first implementation activities were taken into account. The strategies in question turned out to be quite different as far as methodology and conceptual underpinnings adopted or objectives and activities proposed are concerned. The efforts put into RIS preparation were not in vain, however, there is a need to upgrade them up (wider use of qualitative criteria in diagnosis, improved compatibility of methodology used) and first of all to get full picture of innovativeness of Polish regions. And this is what cannot be achieved on the basis of those 15 strategies. Strongly recommended nationwide research on regional innovativeness may serve as a starting point to create national Innovation Support and Technology Transfer System SWIFT which is considered by Authors a precondition for effective utilization of regional efforts for the benefit of the country as a whole.
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Collins’s conception rightly describes the relationship between religion and secularism. Belief and science belong to different levels of the discourse, and they need to be compared, not equalized. Belief and science should and could be harmonized in the way suggested by Einstein in his famous saying: “Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind”. Collins’s case is quite instructive and motivating as is shows that the mind can reach belief through science.
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What is the European Union? The European Union and the local legislation concerning church and religious communities. The Council of Europe’s views on state-religious communities relations. Religious situation in Europe. The confessional distribution of the population. The religious minorities. Controversies around the concept of “Christian Europe”. God in the European constitution. The Roman Catholic Church and European integrations. Vatican politics. Orthodoxy and Europe. Islam as a part of European history. The role of religious communities in today’s Europe.
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The article presents a first academic approach to a poem by Carlos Garrulo («El latido del bosque. 1 – GÉNESIS. Libro de orígenes y germinaciones», Ediciones Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago-Chile, 2008, 144 pages). The poem is the first of nine biblical reflections on the “wood” whose rustlings it wants to be perceived, as though going in search of a living truth, destined to live on in the future. It is an attempt to discover what can be found in Don Bosco which has the flavour of originality and novelty, or the power of a seed which once sown bursts to life, grows, and, in its maturity with the passing of time, is capable of germinating and perpetuating in the newness of today, in this way contributing to the re-awakening and rejuvenating of the world in the monotony of its old and daily rhythm. In the poem one can see a fragment of poetical-spiritual theology in action, a field of freedom without limits, aimed at an understanding which is prophetic not priestly, of the biblical exodus, whose presentation invites us to a “resurrection” of the charism and of the holiness of Don Bosco in these first years of the XXI century. This first analysis would lead to the affirmation that the poem of Garrulo is subject to an anthropology with characteristics similar to those of the prophets of Israel. One can see that it is a work unique in its own kind, which expresses realism and modernity together with a clarity of perspective for the future and a great beauty in order to profess a purified love of Don Bosco and his mission.
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The Salesian Society runs several schools in Poland. They represent a significant part of Catholic schools in the national educational system. The education is characterized by the preventive system of St. John Bosco. Polish educational law offers possibilities to integrate the educational objectives set out by Fr. Bosco, and pursue them in a manner appropriate to today's time and society. This article presents the main objectives of the Salesian educational pedagogy and presents the educational records of the Polish educational law, which offers space for their appropriate implementation.
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Pedagogical reflection is accompanied from the start by the conviction that upbringing is an art and requires a particular kind of sensitivity, innovativity in action and creative engagement. Upbringing today is upbringing in a society that is diverse, wavering, full of tension, and in which there are many opportunities for choice, great personal responsibility, with life chances, but also with many dangers. This is why an authentic upbringing requires, above all, a closeness and trust which brings love, a first and fundamental experience which is, or at least which ought to be, the love of a child by its parents. The upbringer, thus, stands in a relationship to the upbringee as with a person, and not a material which may be freely formed. The upbringing itself is aiming towards the future positive development of the child such that s/he will be able to realize his/her “potential”, shape his/her will and develop as an “inimitable person” both in the individual and social senses. The “realisation of the individual” which takes place during upbringing leaves space for hope. In the promise and hope the future interacts with the human life even now, and by the same token shows the sense behind upbringing. Whereas, from the perspective of “Christian realism”, it is emphasised that the individual always finds finds him or herself in a certain “existential situation”. And so upbringing is not merely a dialogue and a relationship between people, but it is also a real relationship with God. It is God who comes to meet the individual in history and who gives him the unfailing promise of total fulfilment (joy, a sense of life). In this view the sign of hope is also the building of a future (a community) through respecting the natural laws and fundamental freedoms of people and nations.
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Profit is a crucial quality pertaining to the economy in its broader meaning. Growing one’s wealth is an activity of a man who, due to his/her natural characteristics, is obliged to evaluate his/her moral conduct in the light of ethical principles and taking into consideration those ideals which, in a way, make up the purpose of any human action. Christianity offers a certain system of values and principles which allow us to pass a moral judgment on the economic aspect of the human life. The analysis of the profit based on Scriptural facts need to point at the value of labour and the idea of private property. The inspired writers emphasise the centrality of the human being in their account of the material aspect of the created reality. Therefore, every profitable activity ought to be subordinated to the well-being of the person. These economic systems which put in question the fundamental value of human dignity or absolutise the material side of things need to be, according to the Bible, deemed unjust or even fatal for all the human kind. On the basis of the revealed truth and taking into account the social encyclical letter of Pope Benedict XVI Caritas in veritate three criteria of the contemporary moral reflection on profit-making may be pointed out, namely personalising of the aspects of profit-making activity, enabling the wealth to produce social benefits it is bound to bring forth and referring to the common good. The positive evaluation of profit-making in the perspective of these principles makes it possible for the profitable activity to contribute to the genuine growth of every member of the community along with the whole of the society.
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Cardinal August Hlond is a distinguished personality of the Catholic Church in Poland. His entire life and work as the priest, archbishop, apostolic administrator, Cardinal and Primate of Poland was devoted to the service of God, His Church, Salesian Society and the country. Being the spiritual son of Saint John Bosco, he was undoubtedly sensitive to the needs of the Polish youths of the time as well as their living conditions. This article is to present the issue of the youth in Cardinal’s life as three-dimensional: his growth and youth in his natural family; his beginnings as a young boy in the Salesian Society in which he decided to carry on with his priestly vocation; his spiritual growth to the point of becoming “the Good Shepherd of the Church” in Poland.
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In the year 2010 Salesian Congregation celebrates 100 anniversary of the death blessed Michał Rua, the first successor of Don Bosco’s on the position of Rector Major of Salesians. Father Rua carried out Salesians through the difficult period of the passage from charismatic times of the Founder to practical faithful of Don Bosco’s charismat. One of indications of this dynamic faithfulness was development of the salesian mission work. Father Rua not only animated the quantitative growth of salesian presence in new foundations in Latin America , U.S.A., Africa, Asia and Europe, but took pains, so that was done according to the missionary strategy proposed by Don Bosco. The founder of Salesians wished to evangelise trough the education. Therefore wherever came salesian missionaries arose all types of schools, boarding-schools and oratories. Salesian work was accepted willingly even by authorities often hostile to the Church and by the local population not infrequently secularization. Depended on this, so that as be accustomed to say Don Bosco „to penetrate the ground of the enemy across the education, sending before evangeliser crowds of the young people”. Within a period of father Rua’s Rua into the realization of this program, close to Salesians from Italy and originating from other countries, joined near 100 missionaries of Poles. They number of Polish salesians was the second just after Italians. The present article shows details of their commitment into the missionary program of Salesians in the period of the rectorate of father Rua, calling the special genesis of their salesian and missionary’s vocation, conditions in which came to work to them and challenge, which realized in schools on missions. The end of article is the attempt of the synthetic estimation of the commitment of Poles into the realization of salesian missionary program across the education at school within a period of Rua of father Rua.
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The main aim of this article is to show that except the priestly activity the priest should get involved in the social life. We can distinguish two principal forms of the presence of the church in the social life. The first of them is the wide understood teaching in the social sphere, second the concrete activity. The man in the light of the social science of the church is the highest value in the world, and the family is the proper environment of the man’s life and development. So the church realizes his social mission base on the family. The family is the value not only for the individual, but also for the larger community, in this case for the state community. Essential question, which to find oneself in priestly social prophesying is the question of the nation. The nation both through the community and the culture creates the conditions of the man development in all planes of development: - in the plane of the truth /the intellectual development/, - in the plane of the beauty /the spiritual development/, - in the plane of the good /the moral development/, - in the plane of holiness /the religious development. The question, which to also find oneself in the field of the interest of the social science of the church is the question of the character of state, relation the state - the church, as well as the question of the system of the state. The conception of state can’t be indifferent to the church. The problem, therefore such the system, which lets men lives on the proper living standard have to be the centre of the interest of the social science of the church. From the different social questions which are the symptom of the presence of the church in the life we can specify the problems of the human rights and the presence of Christian values in the social life. There are signaled here the most important questions which touch the man who is in the centre of the interest of the church.
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After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, social debate on the topic of religion boiled up anew. This was provoked by the terrorists themselves, who justified their actions giving religious reasons. On this backdrop, the author of the articles considers how to distinguish fundamental from fundamentalist approaches. As an educational theorist, he emphasises that people are „doomed” to Divine revelation in the same way that God could reveal Himself only to humanity – teachable beings. Thus, in his opinion religion is a specific form of human activity (praxis) in which and through which the person gives expression to his own serendipitous existence by developing a „religious musicality” within himself. This phrase means that each individual is given a feeling of „absolute dependence” (F. Schleiermacher) on God. On this basis, the individual as a thinking being, active and reflective, should do „everything accompanied by religion, and nothing because of religion” (F. Schleiermacher). According to the author it is precisely this criterion which allows the distinction between fundamental and fundamentalist attitudes.
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The article discusses the problem of disabled children adoption, its conditions and the idea of what care of children is. Besides institutional activity, discussed have been the functions of the family and pro-family policy regarding care of children, particularly of disabled children.
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The focus of the article is on the creation of a regional, bilateral project for the rehabilitation of a degraded border area in Moravia. The project was based on inter-institutional and inter-university co-operation between universities in Brno and Vienna. Because of this, an important part of the project was the streamlining of research methods and working with students. The settlement structure of the border region was analysed, as well as the demographic and settlements pattern and age structure of the population, followed by analysis of the physical, cultural and historical elements and prevailing problems in the area. Based on the analysis of prospects and possibilities, a long-term development strategy was proposed. Amongst other it includes proposals for changes in agriculture, modifications of the education system and possibilities for developing regional tourism.
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Predmet razprave je izdelava regionalnega, meddržavnega projekta oživljanja dolga leta zanemarjenega obmejnega območja na Moravskem. Projekt je bil voden z medinstitucionalnim in meduniverzitetnim sodelovanjem univerz v Brnu in na Dunaju. Zato je eden izmed poudarkov bil na poenotenju metod raziskovalnega dela ter dela z študenti. Opravljene so bile analize: poselitve obmejne regije, demografske in naselitvene strukture, starostne strukture prebivalstva in analize fizičnih, kulturnih ter zgodovinskih danosti in trenutnih problemov tega območja. Na osnovi analize obetov in priložnosti je bil izdelan predlog dolgoročne strategije urejanja, le-to med ostalim tvorijo predlogi sprememb v kmetijstvu, modifikacije v izobraževalnem sistemu in možnosti razvoja regionalnega turizma.
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