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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Code of Violence Weighs Heavy on Albanian Kids
School is not an option when a child could be killed at any time outside the safety of home.
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School is not an option when a child could be killed at any time outside the safety of home.
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The paper deals with the necessity of reviving the social role of the 21st century civil servants based on the assumption that the idea of social justice becomes vital due to a decade-long recession caused by the uncritical pushing the neo-liberal model of social development as well as by the implementation of corporate and market tools in managing departmental policies – both in developed and transitional societies. By insisting on turning a civil servant in vendors at public services’ stall, the role of public administration in social development has been sidelined from the academic debate and practice, particularly in Serbia where the New Public Management model is applied inconsistently and often is regarded as fashionable. The departing point of the article is the hypothesis that the pragmatic worldview embedded in the New Public Management model reinforces a stance of moral indifference – or at best of a moral minimalism – and by doing that it neglects the communitarian rationale in justifying public policy outcome. Therefore, the article urges that the structural characteristics of the role of civil servants in achieving social justice has to become an important issue of concern of the academic discipline of public administration in Serbia, although the number of civil servants in position to significantly impact the social changes is relatively small, with an even smaller number of those who are willing to take an action. The author argues that the real technocratic superiority over citizens and greater ability of understanding properly the essence of the public interest create moral obligation for a civil servant to contribute through her/his professional performance to the social justice as the fundamental purpose of the life in a democratic political community. The author employs ancient aristocratic ideal contained in the motto of noblesse oblige as a reference point for the design of the 21st century civil servant profile summed up as an unwritten obligation of benevolent, attentive, honour, generous, and responsible behaviour of a high-ranking person to the other members of the community, especially to the lower and non-privileged social layers. The complex technocratic nature of state management emphasizes the specialist knowledge and skills that give civil servant a serious advantage over the majority of citizens in terms of informed debate on plausible policy alternatives to public problems. The author stresses that the operationalization of the concept of social justice in the public administration performance requires a transformation of the social purpose of the whole civil service as profession in accordance with modern interpretation of the aristocratic motto of noblesse oblige. The author concludes that strengthening professional integrity within the guild must be grounded on full respect for the communitarian rationale of public policy as the counterweight to the pragmatic worldview of New Public Management embodied in moral indifference to the existential need of citizens for their self-actualization within the political community.
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Critique of the organization and management of the public sector in the 1990s led to the extensive application of private sector regulations and practices in public sector organizations. This gave rise to hybrid organizations which mixed goals and values pursued in the public sector with methods typical of the private sector. The authors of this article describe various effects of this phenomenon using a number of examples from Europe.
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The article analyzes the construction of a post-ethnic collective identity in the 2014-2016Macedonian social movements. Instead of looking at the large-scale political changes as a yard stick for the success or failure of a social movement, it focuses on the cognitive process of collective identity and social action, in which heterogeneous individuals come together as a collective entity, learn to understand their grievances in collective terms and nurture a new sense of group-identity in relation to the external environment. It concludes that this process – based on shared memories of a collective struggle for the common interest against the common enemy – is to be understood as a fruitful outcome of a social movement that generates new movement biographies for a sustainable and permanent ‘we-ness’. In light of Bernd Simon’s and Bert Klanderman’s ‘tripod approach’ to collective identity, the contribution further argues that the success of a long-lasting social movement is based on creating a politically relevant collective identity that appeals to social bystanders in the general public. This inclusive and societal context beyond ethno-nationalist rhetoric was the driving force behind the success of the 2014-2016 social movements in Macedonia.
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More than two decades since the end of war accompanying the disintegration of former Yugoslavia,the bloody chapter remains little scrutinized, neither legally nor scientifically. With the topic blacked out by most politicians in the region, hope fell on education in schools.The analysis of the most recent schoolbooks in Croatia and Serbia, however, exposes an extremely unrealistic attribution of culpability, an uncritical justification of one’s own standpoint, a minimization of one’s own mistakes and an inflation in the number of victims each side has suffered. Swirling conspiracy theories and reality distortion round off this distorted narrative.The planned relaunch of the regional truth commissions in all countries that emerged from the former multi-ethnic federation raises expectations of improvement.
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The issues raised in this article present the organization and the tasks of the commune authorities in the Polish and in the French legal system, indicating their decision-making and executive function. The regulations concerning the organization and the operation of the commune authorities, outlined on the basis of the statutory regulations and the internal regulations, the output of the doctrine and the jurisprudence of administrative courts, are intended to identify the elements common and specific to these bodies. Creating good relations between the community authorities is of fundamental importance for the efficient exercise of power at the local level, hence the present issues are deemed crucial. De lege lata analysis of the research problems at hand will help to raise comments and postulates in the final assessment in respect of the relations between decision-making and executive authorities in the commune of both a personal as well as functional nature.
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In the paper there is discussed the essence of the hidden debt of territorial self-government entities in Poland. There are pointed out some reasons and effects of that debt. There are also proposed some solutions to reduce that debt, to sustain good financial condition of territorial self-government entities and to ensure transparency of local finance.
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The main purpose of this article is to present the views of Václav Havel (1936-2011) in the field of civil society. After the fall of communism and then dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the former dissident found himself in a new role. As president of the Czech Republic, Václav Havel obtained the opportunity to openly propagate his own views about the role that civil society plays in building and strengthening democracy. So the question arises – what vision of civil society emerges from the output of Václav Havel and how this concept is perceived.
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The activity of NGOs is an expression of the development of civil society, directed at functioning independently from state institutions. The autonomy of this activity should not be treated as competing with the state, but rather as supporting it and complementing its functions. Civil society strives to satisfy the needs of its members and feels responsible for their fate. In this way the NGOs may work in the so-called external sphere of administration. However, the functioning in the internal sphere is also possible – in this case public administration bodies transfer some of their competences to NGOs which “step into” position of public administration in this domain. is study focuses on the legal aspects of both types of this co-operation
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The Author presents and analyzes the problem of participation of non-governmental organizations in civil proceedings under the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964. The Author presents the concept of „non-governmental organizations” in the context of legal amendments implemented by the legislator, as well as analyses the scope of cases in which nongovernmental organizations are entitled to act and the forms of their participation in civil proceedings.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the discourse participants published in the "Gazeta Wyborcza" newspaper in 2013. These were scholars, politicians, columnists and journalists. The year 2013 was not chosen at random. In connection with two questions: the lowering of school age and attempts to dismiss the Mayor of Warsaw, the grounds for, essence, range and consequences of the use of a referendum in the process of political decision-making were again discussed. The article consists of several parts: introduction; the institution of a referendum in "Gazeta Wyborcza" in 2013; pros and cons of using a referendum; conclusions.
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This article focuses on the characteristics and the position of municipal presidential parties in the municipalities in the Silesian region. The article based on the results of the City Council elections in the years 2006–2014. Municipal presidential parties are defined as local initiatives created by independent Mayors. These parties were created as a result of the change in law connected with the mayoral elections. The analysis demonstrates that in the majority of municipalities in the Silesian Voivodeship initiatives that are described are relevant to local politics. Moreover, it presents significant differences among all the cities to their relevance. The article extends the analysis of urban move-ments in the biggest cities of the Silesian Voivodeship by the category of the municipal presidential parties which constitute one of the models of the described entities.
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The assessment of the quality of public transport services is carried out from differ-ent points of view: the users, the principals (the organizer), service providers (operators) and independent conformity assessment bodies and certification bodies. The aim of this study is to determine if the ZTM Poznan specifies the demands for quality, as expressed in the policies of the agglomeration, in public tenders, aims to enforce the demands of the transport policy contained in the transport plan and that it works in the direction of the intended standard of the services provided.
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The paper presents the question of the urban narration in contemporary Poland in-terpreted as an anachronistic form of the naturalization and normalization of social and symbolic inequalities created after the transformations of 1989. That subject being one of the very import elements of the self-image of local, subordinated elites, while strongly present in journalism, remains also very problematic. Uncertainty over the role and shape of this class in Poland in a historical context was (and still is) fiercely contested. Where important elements of such controversies are its forms, from „lord-ship”, derived from gentry imaginations, through the politics and heritage of emanci-pation in the Polish Peoples’ Republic, and modern serious existential uncertainty associated with the decomposition of the traditional formulas „bourgeois” and „third state”. This paper offers a proposition for the reinterpretation of the contemporary „bourgeois tale” in the context of the „post-communist narration”, which, often seen as seemingly antagonistic, are, as the paper's argument stands, closely connected ele-ments of a modernization strategy reconstructing anachronistic peripheral inequality in new, globalized conditions.
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The paper presents seven consecutive public opinion polls in Serbia (in the period 2000–2011) on the International Criminal Tri-bunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and its “partiality“ towards Serbs. The author connected changes in attitudes of citizens dur-ing the observed years with the public statements of the “national leaders“ about the Tribunal, as well as with the presentation of the facts of Serbian war crimes in Serbian media. Even though the observed correlation could not be interpreted in the terms of caus-al relation, the author pointed out to the importance of creators of the public opinion, and offered a possibility that the leading politi-cians and media in Serbia were not reactive to the attitudes of citizens (as they claimed) but vice versa – they created the public opinion of citizens by their statements or by presentation of the facts about Serbian war crimes.
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War veterans block roads to demand higher benefits from a state that claims it can’t afford it.
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Political parties serve as the subjects of politics and take an active part in the formation and implementation of state policy. In the framework of these issues we consider the level of trust to institutions of the political system with more details. The current state of development of political parties in establishing a parity of interaction with public authorities to implement public policy is investigated. The determining the place and role of political parties in Ukraine is analyzed.
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The article investigates questions of the scientific understanding of the status of the decisions of the higher courts in the state. The author analyzes the current dynamics of the legal regulation of the status of decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in civil judicial proceedings. The critical analysis of existing legal norms that reinforce the status of the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in civil judicial proceedings. A distinction between "resolution of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in civil judicial proceedings" and "conclusion of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in civil judicial proceedings". Generalized shortcomings of legal regulation of the status of decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in civil judicial proceedings and substantiated suggestions for improvement.
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One of the elementary conditions of modern democratic political system includes, among others, an active and powerful civil society which performs as an intermediary between the state and citizens. Based on the complexity of term, the article puts attention to the politological point of view to civil society which relates to different forms of political participation and civic activism, as well. Currently is the potential of active and powerful civil society supported by massive development of various information and communication technologies. In that context, the representatives of civil society with the help of information and communication technologies could create the background for empowering political participation and civic activism with the aim to have impact to the actors of decision making processes. The target of the article is, by using inductive and deductive reasoning, to analyse in the theoretical way the civil society with the attention to the one of the selected forms e-participation. The research confirmed that the e-participation acts as a one of the effective tools of social change which could overcome obstacles connected with participatory gap in the post-communist countries. Moreover, the results shown that the e-participation has inevitable position for empowering political activity among young generation. In that context, modern forms of political participation in the active civil society should be considered as inevitable parts for future modernisation processes in public policy.
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This article analyzes civil legal ways that protect the side’s rights in the housing sale contract in Ukraine. We investigate the use of certain methods that protect violated rights and interests. Also investigate the legal consequences of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment side obligations in the housing sale contract. Grounded suggestions for improving the legal regulation mechanism of the violated side’s rights.
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