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This article discusses the issue of phraseological meaning from the cognitive culture-oriented perspective, which is based on two key assumptions. The first is that language and culture are two separate and interacting semiotic systems, while phraseological units are the products of this interaction. Thus, phraseological meaning is formed as a result of inter-semiotic transposition, i.e. transfer of some conceptual information from nonverbal signs of culture system into the verbal ones of the language system. The second assumption results from the first and stipulates that phraseological meaning is a two-strata structure, the surface stratum and the deep stratum. The deep structure encloses the conceptual foundation based on cultural elements and the surface stratum is its embodiment into language signs. We have chosen the semantic field of emotions to put in practice the cognitive culture-oriented analysis. Anthropologists have proven that emotions are not simply physiological reactions of human bodies, they are also the result of people’s cultural interpretation of extra-linguistic reality. Thus, we shall try to identify the conceptual information that underlies phraseological units depicting human emotions.
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This article deals with the problem of the lingo-cultural orientation of the English language lessons in teaching children with special educational needs. The features of teaching a foreign language to children with special educational needs, organizational and methodological aspects of this teacher's work in an inclusive class are shown in this work. The author gives the examples of the teacher's work during extracurricular activity, and justifies the used methods.
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Communication is a complex phenomenon inevitable to society. Lately, one has noticed a noticeable rise in the interest towards both the theme of communication, in general, as well as in that of intercultural communication, in particular, at the individual level as well as at the level of the group interactions. Intercultural communication comprises universal elements, as well as specific ones, operating at various levels, generating a variety of communicative behaviours and leading to certain types of communicational necessities, greatly impacting what speakers perceive and how they perceive. The subject 'Romanian Language and Literature' is a strong means and an appropriate educational medium for intercultural education to take place in, it develops the intercultural communication skills, it creates intercultural attitudes. Thus, intercultural communication is a process which can be successfully guided, developed, adjusted by teachers during Romanian Language and Literature classes.
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Formativno: vrednovati aktivnost učenika/ca na času, učešće u diskusiji i doprinos timskom radu; Sumativno: vrednovati umijeće kritičkog promišljanja i sposobnost povezivanja sa ranije usvojenim znanjima.
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Earthquakes, like other natural disasters, affect the development of the area, the environment, the economy, society and tourism. The objective of this study is to know the impact of earthquakes on tourism. Specifically, the impact of the 2017 earthquake that hit the island of Kos in Greece, affecting local tourism, is studied. The island of Kos is very touristy and the earthquake occurred in July at the height of the tourist season. The main source of income for citizens in this area is based on tourism. During this event, citizens, in their social network accounts, show their concern for the future of tourism in the area. The methodology used is based on the observation of the publications of local users on Twitter and articles in the digital and printed press that address this issue. Data mining from two different sources is performed to understand the general perspective of the media and the vision of citizens. The results show the concern of the natives towards the tourist impact and the attempt to protect and care for the tourists who are in the area during the earthquake.
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The following article deals with augmentative formations, that is, word formation products that reinforce or intensify the meaning of the basis. The focus is on the use of augmentation in the language of the German mass media. Based on a number of examples registered in current mass media texts, we have analyzed various word formation methods, the semantic peculiarities and the pragmatic performance of augmentative formations in modern German.
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The article describes the relationship between language and culture as well as the ways of discussing about cultural identity and cultural diversity at EFL classes to university students. The author offers an analysis of researchers' views of the interaction between culture and language and suggests some practical ideas for intercultural dialogue at EFL classes. The author of the article highlights the idea that knowing the language gives an appearance of understanding people of different cultures but does not give a sufficient knowledge about the foreign culture. Taking into account that verbal as well as nonverbal communication involves much more than transmitting a particular message and it reflects everyone's identifications, keeping their cultural values, the author of the article suggests several practical ideas for EFL classroom to provide a real interaction between cultures through comparison of different cultural values.
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The emergence and development of new information and communication technologies has opened up vast opportunities for people to communicate, create and distribute content through multiple services and platforms, exercising their rights on and off the Internet. They have become the new center of attraction for active information exchange due to their accessibility, sense of community and understanding between its members. The direct communication is both the advantage and the disadvantage of this type of media. Along with their indisputable advantages, their main disadvantage was also discovered - the possibility of being used as a means of disinformation among the public and subsequent manipulation through the spread of so-called „fake news“. This article examines the possibilities of using artificial intelligence systems as a tool in the fight against fake news, summarizing scientific research on the subject. At the same time, the issue of the risks of using artificial intelligence systems to freedom of speech is also discussed.
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Artificial intelligence can create texts on a set topic, and similar software products are used by media around the world, as well as by companies that want to create content faster and for less money. Such programs can become a dangerous weapon of misinformation at the hands of people spreading news with false or misleading content, and fake news is becoming an increasingly serious security issue.
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Transmissible infectious diseases are caused by living biological agents that can be transmitted in different ways from the source, causing outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics. The current epidemiological situation, the COVID-19 pandemic is serious due to its rapid transmissibility, strong complications, and the fact that it is an unknown disease. Given its characteristics, similar in parts to a biological agent used as a disabling weapon, in this paper, we will address the current COVID-19 pandemic as an ongoing “situational experiment” in order to simulate a targeted biological attack (on a strategically important locality) with infectious effects that extends nationally and internationally. This type of pandemic has destructive potential through the created health crisis, followed by the economic crisis, aggravated by the information crisis (infodemics) and finally the social crisis with unpredictable consequences
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The purpose of this article is to analyze, based on the scientific literature, the main effects on global health security of the spread of disinformation about COVID-19. At the same time, this article illustrates how digital disinformation poses the risk of canceling credible sources, which can lead to mass public confusion and an increased risk of spreading and transmitting the virus. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the current trends and insights into disinformation activities related to COVID-19/Coronavirus.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that both state structures and citizens have not been prepared to face up a biological threat. The hesitant way in which, at first, action was taken to limit the spread of the new virus led to the emergence of situations that changed the relationship between the state and the population. The trust of a part of the citizens in the state structures has been altered, especially because of the restrictions imposed to limit the spread of the virus. Those who are in direct contact with citizens and who apply these restrictions are the law enforcement and other forces protecting public order and safety. At present, the countries of the world are in a position to think over some strategy meant to restore the confidence of their population in these forces. This distrust, along with conspiracy theories, endangers national and regional security because it is the ground for the proliferation of populism and extremism. The paper presents the sticking points of the relationship between the citizens and the law enforcement and public safety forces that a strategy at the state and regional level should solve in order to restore a level of trust at which security is ensured.
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The evolution of cyber spying technology presents new and rising dangers; coupled with the easy justification for use of the on-going terrorist crisis these dangers have now become major threats to the international security system. This article aims to provide analysis of these threats, using the new software Pegasus as a focal point of discussion. Developed by the Israeli ‘cyber-warfare’ company ‘NSO’, this spyware signals a danger not only to security but freedom of the press and journalistic integrity. This paper’s focus will centre on how this software is used for censorship rather than to combat terrorism and will examine the social and political ramifications of said use. As highlight, the case of UAE activist Ahmed Mansoor and his contemporaries who were writing against authoritarian governments will be discussed. This article will urge that strict global legislation is needed to stop the abuse of spyware as a tool of censorship
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Our paper examines the manner in which public opinion is affected by public communication in a very specific situation. The conflict in Ukraine has been on everyone’s mind for the last three months not only due to its unreasonableness but also due to the Ukrainians mastery of communicating to the public, be it national or international. As the conflict has grown stronger in its intensity so has the public communication on the Ukrainian side which took any given chance to address the international political scene through President Volodymyr Zelenski’s speeches in front of numerous Parliaments. While scrutinising the Ukrainian manner of communicating information and asking for humanitarian, financial and military aid, we will also inspect the manner in which the Russian side communicates. We will look into the effect that these addresses have had on the public opinion. The theoretical background of the paper includes the views on public opinion of GabrielTarde, Pierre Zémor’s definition of public communication as well as Jürgen Habermas’ communicative theory. These theories will assist us in our research to demonstrate which side communicates the better and which has the ability to use cultural references that support their message. Our paper studies an ongoing military conflict,i.e. the data that we have included so far could be interpreted differently later.
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The main purpose of this paper is to improve public awareness of the influence campaigns carried out in the Romanian public space, via traditional and internet media that are at odds with national interests. In the context of an ongoing Russian disinformation campaign that frequently spreads disinformation among civil society members and, more concerning, generates hostility between the Romanian citizens and their officials, the most common Russian narratives used in Romania are analyzed, and their misleading aspects are revealed. The paper also covers the resilience approach at national level, as well as at the EU and NATO levels, in order to better understand the instruments and procedures available for lowering risks and managing threats affecting the Romanian society. In light of the current situation in Ukraine, the study presents a series of conclusions regarding how the dissemination of misleading narratives influenced the information environment in Romania.
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COVID-19 defiantly threw down the gauntlet to established teaching methods around the world. The report examines the impact of the pandemic on global education, drawing on experience and changes in foreign education systems. The study aims to seek answers to questions such as: To what extent has the Bulgarian education system and its participants shown a resource to respond to the crisis?; More benefits or harms bring the urgent transition from in-person to online training?; Does the „step-by-step” reformation have the potential to grow into a new kind of education?”, and many more. The report also considers the prerequisites for the failures/successes of distance learning, including teachers‘ and students‘ levels of digital and media literacy and the role of the media and social networks in asserting or questioning its effectiveness.
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Verbal communication (WOM-Word of Mouth) is a current marketing tool, the main purpose of which is communication and socialization, followed by the promotion and sale of products that takes place face to face between sellers and buyers. With the advent of the Internet, WOM turns into eWOM, that is, electronic word-of-mouth communication that takes place between online sellers and online buyers through social networks and online store pages. Buyers can exchange online messages, experiences, reviews and leave rated reviews for products they have already purchased online. This new mode of eWOM communication has great potential to influence online purchase intentions. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate the impact of eWOM communication on online shopping intentions. As determinants of online messages, which are transmitted through social networks and websites of online stores, the following are analyzed: quality of messages, credibility of messages, needs and attitudes of buyers to messages, usefulness of messages. messages and acquisition of messages by online shoppers. In this research, the determinants of online messages are derived from the Consumer Attitudes and Needs Acquisition Model (IACM), which is also the research model of this paper, on the basis of which the impact of messages is investigated. on online shopping intentions. Finally, by applying adequate statistical methods, an analysis of two online eWOM communication platforms was made, to determine whether messages transmitted through online stores' Facebook pages have a greater impact on online purchase intentions than broadcast messages. through the means of communication of the websites of the online stores or vice versa. The research results provide useful conclusions for marketers, in terms of adapting their online marketing strategies for successful promotion and sales of products on Facebook and online store websites.
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Postojanje javnog servisa predstavlja evropsku praksu, uvedenu zarad očuvanja većeg stepena medijskih sloboda i nepristrasnog informisanja. Evropi nema jedinstvenog modela za upravljanje i finansiranje javnih servisa. Glavni problemi sa kojim se susreću svi javni servisi su održivo finansiranje i uređivačka nezavisnost. Tema ovog predloga praktične politike fokusirana je na finansijsku održivost javnog servisa. Cilj nam je da pružimo uvid u jedan od načina za uštede, u jednom od segmenata poslovanja javnog servisa. Bavićemo se unapređenjem organizacione strukture kroz stvaranje privatno-javnih partnerstava sa lokalnim medijskim stanicama, kao načina racionalizacije sredstava i puta ka podizanju kapaciteta lokalnih medija i produkcija, a takođe i načina za dostizanje veće finansijske održivosti. Srbija se, kao zemlja kandidat za E, nalazi pred otvaranjem poglavlja putem kojih će biti ispregovarani rokovi za implementaciju evropskog zakonodavstva u pravni sistem Srbije, a i putem kojih će se uvažiti određene specifičnosti sa kojima se zemlja suočava. Među 35 poglavlja koja čekaju Srbiju u okviru pregovora o članstvu u E, poglavlje „Informativno društvo i mediji“ se odnosi, između ostalog, i na funkcionisanje javnog servisa. Međunarodni standard je da svaki javni servis mora imati stabilno finansiranje. Kakvo će biti finasiranje zavisi od zakona svake pojedinačne države. Najbolje je da javni servisi imaju sigurne prihode od pretplate. Iako je to ponekad teško osigurati, kada se pređe na finansiranje direktno iz državnih fondova dolazi se do problema mogućeg upliva političkih struktura na odluke unutar javnog servisa i na njegovu uređivačku politiku, ali i do mogućeg ugrožavanja konkurencije na tržištu. Sa druge strane, kada se pređe na finansiranje isključivo od pretplate, čuju se često predlozi da treba ograničiti prihodovanje javnih servisa od marketinga. Kroz ovaj predlog praktične politike želimo da stavimo naglasak na stvaranje održivog i efikasnog javnog servisa, koji bi omogućio uspešno realizovanje obaveza predviđenih Zakonom o javnim servisu, kao i da predložimo na koji način i kroz koje akcije će ove ideje biti ostvarive u predstojećem periodu.
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The report explores issues related to the characteristics of the transfer of a considerable portion of linguistic concepts and terms into the professional language of logopaedics. If linguistics studies and describes language from the perspective of the norm, then the focus in logopaedics is on the investigation and description of various deviations from the norm. The utilization of linguistic terms within the specialized terminology of logopaedics for the purpose of defining and interpreting communicative disorders entails augmenting them with new additional information. This in turn leads to a shift in the perception and utilization of the ostensibly identical terminology,which acquires its own specificity within the context of logopaedic issues.
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