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Ekonomia przed i po kryzysie gospodarki światowej

Author(s): Piotr Pysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2009

The paper constitutes the attempt to evaluate the current mainstreams of economics from the perspective of challenges posed by present crises of worldwide economy. The diagnosis gives grounds for a new outcome in the field of research concepts and methodology. The research concepts should be extended within historical aspects of economic process, economic order and paramount values of economic society. Consequently, there is a need to enhance quantitative methods, which have been dominant in the mainstream of economics, by qualitative approach. In quantitative methods the focus should be given to the relationships of economic order and economic process, politics and market as well as new image of a man in economics “homo sociooeconomicus”. The concept of pluralism in mainstreams of economics should substitute longlasting neoclassical theoretical monism.

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Do we really need to start from scratch?

Author(s): Krzysztof Makarski,Joanna Tyrowicz,Michał Gradzewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2009

This paper presents views and believes of the authors on the relevance of the current economic theory for the understanding of the complex world we live in. Has the crisis indeed demonstrated that as profession we are misled by the beauty of the mathematical models and the only useful, workable solutions at hand were provided in early 1930s? The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the current state-of-the-art literature from the perspective of its usefulness in the context of economic crises. We argue that although we might be unable to answer many questions or to “predict” crises, the path we are following is the right one. Furthermore, going back to Keynes would not solve any of the identified problems and would generate problems on its own. Analysing the state of economics after the crisis it is argued that (i) we need models with micro-foundations, (ii) we need better models with micro-foundations. Already existent and promising directions for future research are discussed.

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Kilka refleksji o przyczynach i mozliwych skutkach światowego kryzysu finansowo-gospodarczego

Author(s): Urszula Płowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2009

World financial crisis of 2008 was evoked mainly by three self-supporting causes and consequently its effects concern three domains. At first, it revealed weakness of banking and whole financial system mainly in the USA, but also in the other countries. The traditional American mortgage banking model based on durable bilateral relationship between the bank and the debtor was replaced at the end of 1990. by a new model, based on securitization and globalization of financial markets, where the risk is unknown. In the globalization era it had to lead to financial crisis in the global scale. At second, it revealed shortsightedness of US economic policy, i.e. internal and external indebtedness (life on credit of the whole country) and the declining of political and economic hegemony on behalf of the emerging countries. At third, it revealed that the theory of economic sciences does not keep up with the reality. Mixed model of Chinese economy that uses market mechanism to the implementation of the decisions taken by meritocracy on behalf of the public welfare proved to be more effective than the traditional liberal, where market forces dominate the interests of all other subjects. In sum, the results of crisis may be creative.

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Gospodarka i teoria ekonomiczna po kryzysie

Author(s): Leszek Jerzy Jasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2009

The main causes of the financial crisis in the world economy and their impact on the Polish economy were presented. It was analyzed what can become the long-term consequence of this crisis and what the economic theory suggests as an explanation of this development. The financial crisis of 2007–2009 was compared with the Great Depression of 1929–1933.

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Czy kryzys finansowy przyczynia się do kryzysu w naukach ekonomicznych?

Author(s): Witold Kwaśnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2009

It was pointed out that the crisis in economics is observed mainly in the mainstream economics. Important feature of the current crisis is the mutual accusation of different schools of the mainstream economics and radicalization of expressed opinions. Majority of economists agree that the abuse of mathematics in economic analysis is one of possible cause of current economics’ crises. It seems that the crisis situation of economics is observed in the last thirty years and the current crisis belongs to that long-term trend. Increasing willingness of general public (especially among young generation) for self-education in economics is an important effect of current financial crises.

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L’oralité d’un fragment de Louis-Ferdinand Céline à la lumière des fonctions du langage

Author(s): Iulia Mateiu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

In this article, we aim to highlight a peculiarity of the Célinian style, orality, through an analysis of language functions in a fragment of the novel Mort à crédit. Elements with specific functions (expressive, impressive, etc.) at micro-textual level acquire, through their inter-relatedness, an additional function at macro-textual level, which is more important than the others: a stylistic function.

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Prison Movies&Implicature: Chow Time or Observing the Maxim of Quantity

Author(s): Gabriel Bărbuleţ / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

The present paper deals with one of Paul Grice’s Cooperative Principle – The Maxim of Quantity. Apart from the theoretical background we have tried to show how this maxim can be shown at work in some prison movies.

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On Translating Eminescu. The Poetics and/vs. the Practice of Translation

Author(s): Maria Ştefănescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

The present paper attempts to offer a brief survey of some trends in the theory of translation, followed by remarks on the poetics of translation as it can be inferred from the theoretical work of some of M. Eminescu’s Romanian translators. Poems translated by Leon Leviţchi, A. Bantaş, Corneliu M. Popescu, D. Cuclin and P. Grimm are analysed with a view to comparing the translators’ theoretical positions with their ‘hands-on’ practice.

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Journal et autofiction du moi gidien

Author(s): Diana-Adriana Lefter / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

If we consider the work of André Gide as a whole, it can be considered as a long and constant effort to reach the truth of self, the intimate nature of the author and characters in equal measure. The changing nature and complexity can not be seized from a particular work, but from the construction of the whole creation. Our work proposes to address this theme of self discovery, with a corpus of texts representing Gide’s self-fictional creation, particularly his Si le grain... and his Diary. We will examine the relationship between the development of Gide’s auctorial self, the self of the character and his intimate self as revealed in his diary.

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Le jeu de l’enfant dans la perspective de Freud – valences didactiques

Author(s): Adina Curta / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

The role play activity is still a notion whose multiple valences are from further debatable. Many cultural and scientific fields tend to take into account psychoanalyses approaches. Freud’s own approach is to be brought into play, for its significance and interpretation relevance, which can be considered a reference point for the teachers interested in making their approaches easier from that particular perspective.

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William Faulkner- Modernism, Tradition, Innovation

Author(s): Marinela Lupsa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

In being an instance of the quintessential modernist fiction and at the same the object of highly influential postmodern scholarship, Faulkner’s literary output condenses an ethos whose value and relevance are not time-bound. The richness of critical perspectives it accommodates, in addition to illustrating the inner dynamics of paradigmatic dominants, testifies to a hard core that has remained largely unchanged throughout the evolution of the Enlightenment project of modernity. Faulkner’s work subscribes to a secularization of thought that recuperates myth creatively on the side of cognitive strategies and posits stylistic experimentation as both an instance and a dramatization of the will to knowledge.

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De la joc la activităţile ludice de Adina Curta. Alba Iulia: Editura Aeternitas, 2006

Author(s): Teodora Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2008

The book review "From Play to Ludic Activities" by Adina Curta analyses the book published by Editura Aeternitas in 2006.

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Cioran, Eliade, Ionescu –non/ political involvment

Author(s): Mara Magda Maftei / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

The paper insists on the political involvment of Eliade, Ionescu, Cioran, the most known representatives of the young generation, the generation due to which the Romanian literature became known in the Western world and in the States, Eliade being studied nowadays at Vatican. Eliade and Cioran were deeply sustaining the Iron Guard at the time. Obviously, Ionescu never indulged himself in the same political issue, criticizing the two colleagues for their naivety, declaring him as being their enemy. Finally, the three became friends in the exile, being fully convinced that they accomplished the mission of their generation, namely to make the Romanian literature step out of its marginal status.

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Echoes of Romanian Immigration to the USA at the Beginning of the 20th Century

Author(s): Rodica Pioariu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

The issue of Romanian migration was and continues to be a problem of great topicality nowadays arousing constant interest and commentary. It has got its own exciting history generously reflected by the Romanian press during the previous century. At the same time, it was frequently tackled on in a series of books or in genuine stories told by those who have really experienced immigration - either as real actors or simply messengers of what they have just heard about it from relatives, friends or other witnesses. Our study is meant to point out the place and the role Romanian emigration has played in the history of immigration to the New World focusing especially on the major impact it had upon Romanian mentalities in the epoch as well as its undeniable contribution to mutual understanding and strengthening of bi-lateral relations.

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La quête d’une impossible identité dans "La 25e heure" de Virgil Gheorghiu

Author(s): Iulia Mateiu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

In this article, we propose to trace the quest for a possible identity for the characters of the novel La vingt-cinquième heure by Virgil Gheorghiu. The experiences they live prove that are never what they should be, where or when they should be. They always belong to the enemy, the cursed nationality or ethnicity. Their identity is there to condemn them, but it does not save them when they become prisoners of the mechanics of war or the administration, be it the military administration. They are merely pieces in a spiral that does not stop for so little. Also they may be crushed. Apart from the problems caused by their assumed names supposedly referring to a certain identity, the language they speak, sometimes in order to integrate in a certain community, also serves as a pretext for their conviction. In fact, the deletion of identity of individuals, including the human one, appears to be the very purpose of modern society.

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L’objet dans la syntaxe du récit fantastique

Author(s): Silvia Adriana Apostol / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

The present paper analyzes the object in the syntax of fictional stories, as a result of our consideration that the appearance of some objects in strategic places of the fictional stories gives them a particular function referring to both the progressive level of the story (the object being fiction generator) and the reading level (in the way the object represents the major argument through which the lecturer will accept that the story deals with fiction). Our contrastive study is based on French and Romanian fictional story corpus such as Le Horla by Maupassant, Véra by Villiers de l’Isle-Adam and Remember by Mateiu Caragiale. We have limited our analyses to fictional stories written in the second half of the 19th century in order to refer as much as possible to the Romanian phenomenon -Remember- (account of the time difference between those two literatures).

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Une approche pragmatique du journal intime. Le récit carcéral de Daniel Timsit

Author(s): Maria Petrescu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

This paper’s aim is to show the tools the pragmatics offers to the diary’s literary analyses. The methods of the pragmatic analyses are applied to Daniel Timsit’s prison diary, Récits de la longue patience. Journal de prison 1956 – 1962 (2002). After several important reference points in the communication scheme evolution, we want to present the manner in which that has affected the literary analyses generally and the autobiographical works particularly. Firstly, what we are interested in is the transition of structuralism or functionalism in the 60s versus the language pragmatic concept of the 70s. Secondly, we want to reveal the contribution that Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni and Marilyn Randall gave to the field of linguistic and literary pragmatics. Finally, we want to make some reference to Daniel Timsit’s diary in order to prove the interest the pragmatics has in the diary analyses.

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Littérature régionale / régionaliste et littérature universelle

Author(s): Silvia Mihut / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2008

The term „regional”, has been present in France since long time, even before the 19th century, but its rise is valorised by school organization which allows great access to writing. The peak of the regional novel is reached in 1914 and after the 1st World War when the teachers valorised their ancestors’ art of telling stories, the most remarkable one represented by that generation of regionalist writers being the case of subtle and splendid literature will anticipate the case of other writers: a Franc-comtrois Marcel Louis Pergaud (1882-1915) .His Aymé (1902-1967) and a Lyonais du Beaujolais Gabriel Chevallier

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Metaphor and Philosophy

Author(s): Natalia Hada / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

Looking at the history of philosophy since as far back as the Greek Presocratic thinkers (Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Protagoras, Gorgias) the Metaphysical school (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), through Empiricism (Bacon, Hobbes, Locke), Rationalism (Descartes, Leibnitz) or Enlightenment (Rousseau), Existentialism (Heidegger), Neo-Positivism or Neo-Pragmatism (Richard Rorty) until Structuralism (Levi-Strauss), Deconstruction (Derrida) and Post-Structuralism (Michel Foucault) one can distinctly notice certain aspects concerning metaphor. The most important one would be that philosophy as such has been defining itself around and by metaphor whether overtly so or, on the contrary strongly denying its truth and relevance as instrument of cognition or downright condemning its very status as anomaly or categorical mistake. Whichever the case may be, and mostly one can safely argue that the devaluation of metaphor actually has come to be a point of philosophical consensus, the reality is that none of these thinkers could escape its use both as means of persuasion and illustration and especially as instrument of cognition no matter how hard they may have struggled to.

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El triángulo amoroso – tema español, tema universal

Author(s): Lavinia Similaru / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2008

The love triangle is, without a doubt, a theme that is present in all literature and in all periods of time. The famous Elena that gives rise to the war of Troy by leaving her husband and eloping with Paris was mentioned by various authors like Homer and Vergilio and even Gabriele d’Annunzio or Jean Giraudoux. The “Divine Comedy“ does not despise the theme either , since Dante encounters, in his trip, Francesca de Rimini who still loves her brother-in-law , Paolo Malatesta despite the torments from hell . There are a lot of forbidden and well-known loves like these in the universal literature: Tristan and Isolde, Lancelot and Gineva, The Princess of Cleves and The Duke of Nemours….In the Spanish literature the theme is treated by all the famous authors, we can find it in << Don Quijote >>, or in the dramas of Lope de Vega and Tirso de Molina. As the literary criticism pointed out, so that these love triangles should end “well”, one of the main characters must die or get out of the way so that the others’ happiness should become possible. But in the Spanish literature this rule is not always respected: even if one of the three disappears, the others’ happiness is not possible. A particular case is that of Ana Ozores, from “The Wife of the Regent“ by Clarín, where there are two men around the heroine , but none of them is her husband. The love triangle is also one of the favourite themes of one of the most appreciated contemporary authors: Javier Marías in his novels <<A Heart So White>>, << Tomorrow in The Fight Think of Me >>, or <<The Sentimental Man>>.

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