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4.50 €

Long Live the Goddess! Mythological Anthropology of Femininity Exempli􀏔ied in the Novel “Anna In w grobowcach świata” by Olga Tokarczuk

NIECH ŻYJE BOGINI! MITOLOGICZNA ANTROPOLOGIA KOBIECOŚCI NA PRZYKŁADZIE POWIEŚCI OLGI TOKARCZUK ANNA IN W GROBOWCACH ŚWIATA

Author(s): Miłosz Kłobukowski / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Olga Tokarczuk; myth; femininity; Goddess; anthropology

The author of the article refers to the tools of mythographical criticism and hermeneutics to show the evolution of the Goddess/ Mother/ Eternal Woman and to present how literary enlightenment of myths in a novel by Olga Tokarczuk is used in political discussions. The writer reinterprets the myth about Inann, incorporating feminist discourse on the originality of matriarchy into the novel, creating the main heroine as the figure of the Goddess, suppressed by the masculine God in the history of civilisation. Mythical anthropology of femininity uncovered by Tokarczuk through literary excavations is aimed at searching for the sources of feminine subjectivity in the oldest cultural texts and their modern interpretations (Bachofen, Graves, Gimbutas).

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Intersections of Gender, Class and Environmental Concern in Contemporary Chinese Poetry: Zheng Xiaoqiong and Her Writing from Below

SPLOT PŁCI KULTUROWEJ, KLASY SPOŁECZNEJ I PROBLEMÓW EKOLOGICZNYCH WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POEZJI CHIŃSKIEJ: ZHENG XIAOQIONG I JEJ PISARSTWO Z NIZIN

Author(s): Justyna Jaguścik / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: China; ecocriticism; gender; migrant workers; poetry

Since the turn of the century, the so-called writing from below (diceng xiezuo) has becomea much-discussed issue in mainland China. Texts by authors from lower social strata, mainly migrant workers, have been appearing in unofficial magazines, based in southern China, since the 1980s. This paper focuses on texts by Zheng Xiaoqiong and demonstrates how in her poetry and essays gender intersects with class. Speaking from the position of a (former) female migrant worker, Zheng delivers in her writing a radical critique of industrialisation and globalisation, and shows the human and environmental costs of the Chinese economic miracle.

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The Alienation Effect. “Ciotunia” by Weronika Szczawińska as a Proposal of Feminist Strategy in Theatre

EFEKT OBCOŚCI. CIOTUNIA WERONIKI SZCZAWIŃSKIEJ JAKO PROPOZYCJA FEMINISTYCZNEJ STRATEGII W TEATRZE

Author(s): Agata Chałupnik / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: feminist theatre; alienation effect; Weronika Szczawińska; Aleksander Fredro; Ciotunia

The text presents a performance reading of Ciotunia by Aleksander Fredro, prepared by Weronika Szczawińska at the Zbigniew Raszewski Theatrical Institute in Warsaw (2015) as an example of feminist strategy in theatre. In the play analysis, the author applies theoretical tools, developed by feminist theatre scholars, mostly by Elin Diamond, who proposes in her famous text Brechtian Theory / Feminist Theory. Toward a Gestic Feminist Criticism to take over the alienation effect category of Bertolt Brecht for the purposes of feminist theatre. A similar gesture is seen by theauthor in the theatre of Weronika Szczawińska, considering the relation between a director andan actor, as well as between a woman director and an actress, gender and sexual connotations of the canon and theatrical hierarchies, and an approach embedded into the relation between a stage and an audience.

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“Matrix” Means “Mould” and “Mother” – the Image of a Woman in the Trilogy by the Wachowski Sisters

MATRIX, CZYLI MACIERZ - OBRAZ KOBIETY W TRYLOGII SIÓSTR WACHOWSKI

Author(s): Adriana Brenda-Mańkowska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Matrix; transgender; androgyny; identity; femininity

The objective of the article is to describe women’s figures presented in the fictional universe of the Matrix and an interpretation of the presentation in transgender context. Reinterpretation of the image of gender relations, necessary because of the revealing of information on the feminine nature of the artists, allows for the discovery of new traces for interpretation of the work. This creates a new background for current discussions on the separation of body and mind in art.

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“Women Inspire Women”: Paris in Feminine Touristic Imagination

„KOBIETY INSPIRUJĄ KOBIETY”: PARYŻ W KOBIECEJ WYOBRAŹNI TURYSTYCZNEJ

Author(s): Beata Walęciuk-Dejneka / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Paris; feminine touristic imagination; tourist guide for women; women’s tourism

The article is an attempt at literary reflection upon feminine touristic imagination: how do women inspire other women to visit popular places, how do they encourage contemporary women tourists to travel, what imaginations of femininity are the base of a tourist guide for women written by women? The objective of the article is also to present discourse on getting to know the city from feminine perspective and “being” in the city of women. The city is Paris, eternal, mysterious,extremely attractive and inspiring. The source material was the tourist guide for women written in the 1990s by Pierrette Letondor and Beatrice Berthet-Pimor, translated into Polish and published in Cracow in 1993.

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Woman on the Road. The Memoir of Regina Salomea Pilsztynowa, Born Rusiecka

KOBIETA W DRODZE. PAMIĘTNIK REGINY SALOMEI Z RUSIECKICH PILSZTYNOWEJ

Author(s): Marcin Pliszka / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: journey; existence; memoir; eighteenth century; space

The article attempts to interpret the journey of Salomea Pilsztynowa, described in her memoiras of the eighteenth century. The peregrination of the main character is discussed in the context of sociological and existential aspects of travelling, with consideration of specifications of geo-poetics. The key issue is thus the relation between a location and a person, relation which describes the model of a journey and defines the traveller’s figure. The journey, created in the memoir, combines the features of experimental and existential tourism with wandering about without any plan.

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Priestesses of Home. The Ideal of a Religious Jewish Woman in the View of Prayer Books of Nineteenth-Century Jewish Women: Fanny Neuda, Rozalia Saulson, Fanny G…r

KAPŁANKI DOMOWEGO OGNISKA. IDEAŁ POBOŻNEJ ŻYDÓWKI W ŚWIETLE MODLITEWNIKÓW XIX-WIECZNYCH ŻYDÓWEK: FANNY NEUDY, ROZALII SAULSONOWEJ, FANNY G…R

Author(s): Agata Rybińska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: prayer books; Jewish women; nineteenth century; social roles; role models

The objective of the article is to present differences and similarities in the perception of Jewish women and their lives in the perspective of selected prayer texts: edited in national languages and published in Moravia, in the Kingdom of Poland and in the German Empire. Three nineteenth century Jewish women – Fanny Neuda, Rozalia Saulson and unidentified Fanny G…r – published these collections of prayers with Jewish women and girls in mind. They promote traditional role models and social roles (of religious Jewish women, mothers, housewives).

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Nineteenth-Century Discussions on “The Nature of Women.” The Voice of Klementyna Hoffmanowa, Born Tańska

XIX-WIECZNE DYSKUSJE O „CHARAKTERZE KOBIET”. GŁOS KLEMENTYNY Z TAŃSKICH HOFFMANOWEJ

Author(s): Małgorzata Karpińska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: women; Klementyna Hoffmanowa; born Tańska; the gender nature; education of women

“The gender nature” is a nineteenth-century notion covering psychological aspects of sex. The theory had a real impact on the perception of sex. On Polish territory the issue was most widely addressed by Klementyna Hoffmanowa, who thought that the human spirit was based on three powers: soul, heart and brain. The feminine soul is weak, which, according to her, is advantageous: women are less unholy, less likely to commit offences and crimes. The feminine brain, however, is weak, powerless, but full of imagination, which makes women full of vice. Women supersede men in the power of heart. It makes them faithful assistants of men and devoted mothers. It allmakes women closer to nature than to culture by their construction. For her own safety, a woman should give in to the protection of a wise, down-to-earth man.

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Young Lady for Young Ladies. Creation of Femininity in “Pamiątka po dobrej matce” by Kle mentyna Hoffmanowa

PRZEZ MŁODĄ DAMĘ DLA MŁODYCH DAM. KREACJA KOBIECOŚCI W PAMIĄTCE PO DOBREJ MATCE KLEMENTYNY HOFFMANOWEJ

Author(s): Daria Chudoba / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: bringing up women; Klementyna Hoffmanowa; emancipation; history of women; social history of the nineteenth century

The article is an analysis of the manner of creation of femininity in publications by Klementyna Hoffmanowa, born Tańska. The assessment of the writer in the subject literature is unambiguous – on the one hand, it values her great impact in bringing up and educating Polish girls, on the other, it criticises her for archaic views on women’s roles in society. The text aims to assess if the femininity image created by Hoffmanowa is the feature holding emancipation back, or whether itis rather a set of pragmatic conclusions drawn on the basis of what is really expected of women.

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Images of Femininity in Children’s Literature. Five Characters from the Texts by Zofia Rogoszówna

ODMIANY KOBIECOŚCI W LITERATURZE DLA DZIECI. PIĘĆ POSTACI Z TEKSTÓW ZOFII ROGOSZÓWNY

Author(s): Joanna Frużyńska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: children’s literature; violence; femininity; family; childhood

The article describes the works of Zofia Rogoszówna, placing her children’s stories and stories about children in the perspective of feminine studies. The key question refers to possible connections of the writer’s works with the ideas of the early Polish feminist movement. The answer to this question is positive. Rogoszówna disclosed violence incorporated into the patriarchal social order in various manners. The model she proposes, of an independent and humanitarian stand, reflecting her ideal of femininity, is illustrated in the feminine character types created in her work.

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(Dis)abled Views: The Heroine of the Latest Polish Prose for Youth

(NIE)PEŁNOSPRAWNE SPOJRZENIA: BOHATERKA NAJNOWSZEJ POLSKIEJ PROZY DLA MŁODZIEŻY

Author(s): Alicja Fidowicz / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: disability; gender studies; disability studies; stigmatisation

The article attempts to answer the question on stereotypes and representation of the disabled teenage girls in Polish prose for young readers. The author notices connections between gender studies and disability studies, in particular the problem of doubled stigmatisation, due tosex and disability. Thus, she analyses selected works of Barbara Wiza, Barbara Ciwoniuk and Barbara Odnous.

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Does the Psychoanalytic Critic Have Gender? Interpretation of the Sleeping Beauty by Stefanie Bornstein in Relation to Analysis by Bruno Bettelheim

CZY KRYTYKA PSYCHOANALITYCZNA MA PŁEĆ? INTERPRETACJA BAŚNI O ŚPIĄCEJ KRÓLEWNIE STEFANIE BORNSTEIN W ODNIESIENIU DO ANALIZY BRUNONA BETTELHEIMA

Author(s): Kamila Żukowska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Stefanie Bornstein; Bruno Bettelheim; fairy tale; Sleeping Beauty; psychoanalysis

The paper discusses the psychoanalytical interpretation of the Sleeping Beauty, according to the German tradition entitled Little Briar Rose (Dornröschen), proposed by Stefanie Bornstein. Theauthor, who belonged to the first generation of Freudian psychoanalysts, is almost forgotten today despite her unquestionable contribution to psychoanalytical pedagogy. The interpretation, which appeared in 1933 in the German magazine Imago, was discussed in the article in terms of possible connections between the author’s gender and the meanings she attributed to the fairy tale. In order to highlight the differences in interpretation, the text of the pre-war researcher wasalso juxtaposed with the analysis of the Sleeping Beauty by Bruno Bettelheim.

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Enclosed in Her Own “I.” “Narcyza” by Zofia Nałkowska as a Study of Feminine Narcissism

ZAMKNIĘTA WE WŁASNYM „JA”. NARCYZA ZOFII NAŁKOWSKIEJ JAKO STUDIUM KOBIECEGO NARCYZMU

Author(s): Jan Zdunik / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: narcissism; Zofia Nałkowska; Narcyza; psychotherapy; relation

The article interprets Narcyza, a novel by young Zofia Nałkowska, in the context of the title phenomenon of narcissism. Thanks to the analysis of the important modernistic phenomenon in the aspect of psychoanalysis, one can notice that the heroine’s escape into her own “I” is not only characteristic of introspective escapism, but it also might have its sources in interpersonal relations, in particular in an early adolescent disorder of the basic relations with the mother – the primary object.

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PLATEIA, PEDION, “CANOPIC STREET”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE MAIN STREET OF ANCIENT ALEXANDRIA

Author(s): Barbara Tkaczow / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ancient Alexandria; ancient urbanism; architectural decoration

The street network of ancient Alexandria has been a subject of studies for nearly one and a half centuries, and successive archaeological discoveries throughout the years have enhanced and adjusted its image in different epochs. Even though many new and atypical streets have been discovered, scholars show unceasing interest in the principal longitudinal street of the ancient city, which they conventionally named “Canopic”. Ancient written sources use different terms to refer to it, yet its name is never stated. Ancient texts describe – usually very superficially – the dimensions of the street, its decoration, and the buildings located along its sides, as well as the different events in the history of the city that it witnessed. When archaeological evidence was added to the ancient descriptions, an impressive, nevertheless, ahistorical reconstruction of the appearance of the street was created, as the data from different epochs were matched incorrectly. The division of that evidence into three major periods in the history of ancient Alexandria shows that the first period (Ptolemaic and Early Roman) poses the biggest challenge in reconstruction, and the two which followed (Roman Imperial and Late Roman) have fuller archaeological documentation, even if occasionally difficult to distinguish precisely. The period when the street gradually ceases to be the principal artery of the new, Arabic, Alexandria is a separate scientific question for future study.

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TROIS MONNAIES « ISIAQUES » DE KÔM EL-DIKKA À ALEXANDRIE (SAISONS DE FOUILLES 1963–2006)

Author(s): Barbara Lichocka / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Alexandria; Antioch; Nicomedia; Nilus; Serapis; Maximinus Daia; Theodosius I; coins

Among coins registered during archaeological exploration of Kom el Dikka in Alexandria, seasons 1963–2006, there are three specimens representing a bust of Serapis, Deo sancto Sarapidi on the obverse and a reclining figure of Nilus, Deo sancto Nilo, with the mintmark of Alexandria, on the reverse. The series, labelled as semi-autonomous or civic anonymous coinage, is attributed to the fourth century AD, but precise dating is still a subject for debate. Recently, J. van Heesch, M.-Chr. Marcellesi and E.A. Arslan studied this issue offering various dating: 312, the period between 306–317, and 364–395, respectively. Also, the Antioch and Nicomedia mints produced, at that time, series showing, on the obverses, busts of gods rather than those of an emperor and figural representations of various gods on the reverses. The choice of subjects may be interpreted as a manifestation of an old pagan tradition or an expression of the propaganda against the growing power of Christian religion. Depictions of Serapis and Nilus on the Alexandrian series attest to a mindful choice of deities whose worship in fourth century Egypt was still of great importance. Traces of scratching and twisting on one of the coins may signify that the message of the depictions had not always been approved of.

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FIGURINES, SITES ET CONTEXTES DANS L’ÉGYPTE GRÉCO-ROMAINE. ÉTUDES DE CAS PROVINCIAUX: DE TELL EL-HERR À BOUTO

Author(s): Pascale Ballet / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Tell el-Herr; Buto; archaeological contexts; coroplastic; iconography; multiculturalism

In the wake of the multi-fields aims and methods used by Jolanta, the author is trying to show in this paper the relations between terracotta figurines, contexts, and sites, based on two settlements located in the Eastern and Western Delta in the Graeco-Roman periods, namely Tell el-Herr and Buto. She reveals first the difficulty to get closed contexts, secondly the diversity of the iconographical aspects through the terracotta figurines in a society we can define as multicultural, and finally the porosity of the borders between the so-called Graeco-Roman features and the Egyptian ones. It seems, except in some rare cases, that the use, the type or the “style” of the figurines were interchangeable from the house to the tomb and the production areas, thus making more complex a possible cultural identification of the population which was using these objects.

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MORE ABOUT THE DIONYSIAN THIASOS IN PTOLEMAIC ATHRIBIS (LOWER EGYPT)

Author(s): Karol Myśliwiec / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Athribis; Tell Atrib; Ptolemaic Period; Dionysos; Osiris; Isis-Hathor-Aphrodite; coroplathy; pottery

One of the most important results of the Polish-Egyptian excavations at Tell Atrib (Lower Egyptian Athribis) was the discovery of a large group of artefacts crafted by local artists and artisans, mainly coroplasts, potters, sculptors and faience producers. Iconographic features of these objects confirm the hypothesis that a Dionysian thiasos existed in Athribis in the first half of the Ptolemaic Period. Moreover, they prove that Egyptian religious traditions, and particularly the cult of Osiris, were progressively incorporated into the Greek rite.

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AMPHORE CINÉRAIRE PEINTE HELLENISTIQUE DE PALAEPAPHOS

Author(s): Eustathios Raptou / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: amphora; burial customs; Hellenistic period; incineration; painted decoration; Palaepaphos

In this paper we present an amphora unearthed in a tomb in the Hellenistic and Roman cemetery of Palaepaphos, situated in the locality Phones, to the West of the sanctuary of Aphrodite. The amphora dates to the early Hellenistic period and although its shape is common among local ceramic production, it bears a polychrome decoration of a wreath with ribbons on a white ground, which distinguishes it from other Cypriot vases of the same period. The vase contained burnt human remains, which means that it was used as a cinerary urn. This cinerary urn is the first to be found in Palaepaphos and is also an important addition to the limited number of cremations known for the whole area of Paphos at the same period. In this paper we discuss the shape and decoration of the amphora, cremation as a burial custom introduced to Cyprus in the Hellenistic period and we try to place that discovery inside its wider archaeological and historical frame.

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A FRAGMENT OF A ROYAL OINOCHOE FROM NEA PAPHOS

Author(s): Demetrios Michaelides / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: oinochoe; faience; royal cult; domestic cult; Arsinoe II; House of Orpheus; Nea Paphos

The paper presents a fragment of a faience royal oinochoe found in the excavation of the House of Orpheus in Nea Paphos. Although very small, it adds significantly to the evidence for the cult of Ptolemaic sovereigns in Cyprus, especially its domestic aspect.

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“CENTURIES OF DARKNESS” REVISITED: ANOTHER LOOK AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM CYPRUS, BETWEEN CA. AD 150 AND AD 350

Author(s): John Lund / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Cyprus; second to fourth century AD; excavations; surveys; Nea Paphos; Soloi; Salamis; Kourion; crisis; connectivity; climatic change; Empire-wide diseases; Late Antique recovery

The contribution takes a fresh look at the archaeology of Cyprus between ca. AD 150 and 350, departing from a review of the excavations and surveys carried out in the island over the last decades. The evidence suggests that some settlements – particularly in the central and northern parts of the island – had by then been abandoned and that economic activities were at a low level elsewhere, even if Nea Paphos, Soloi, Salamis and Kourion were apparently less severely affected. Some scholars have seen these developments as symptoms of a crisis. The situation may in part be explained with a shift in the productive and/or trading frameworks of the Eastern Mediterranean that seems to have occurred aft er about AD 150. Connectivity between Cyprus and the Western Mediterranean deteriorated, the climate changed for the worse, and Empire-wide diseases may have caused a demographic downturn. However, the underlying reasons were no doubt more complex than that, and there seems to have been a resurgence under the Severans. Recovery seems to have set in during the first half of the fourth century AD, and Late Antiquity is commonly regarded as a flourishing period in Cyprus.

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