Членството на България в Европейския съюз: шестнадесет години по-късно
Тhe Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: Sixteen Years Later
Contributor(s): Paskal Zhelev (Editor), Dobroslav Emilov Mollov (Editor), Alexander Hristov (Editor), Elena Simeonova (Editor), Stela Jivkova (Editor), Ingrid Shikova (Editor), Tatiana Hubenova (Editor), Matilda Aleksandrova (Editor), Virginia Zhelyazkova (Editor), Milen Baltov (Editor), Preslav Dimitrov (Editor), Karim Naama (Editor), Desislava Stoilova (Editor), Georgi Marinov (Editor), Elif Dağdemir Uçkan (Editor), Mirko Tripunoski (Editor), Duško Dimitrijević (Editor), Silvana Jovcheska (Editor), Maia Tripunoska (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
ISSN: 2815-2719
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: European Union; Bulgaria; EU Policy; International Economics; Innovations; International trade; Sustainability; Energy; Marketing; Business
Summary/Abstract: On 13th October 2023, the 22nd international scientific conference was held, organized by the Department of "International Economic Relations and Business" at the University of National and World Economy. During the conference, traditionally, the topics were related not only to Bulgaria's membership in the European Union, but also covered a wide range of other issues such as politics, economy, sustainable development, decarbonization, trade, marketing, innovation, technology, etc. It was held under the patronage of the Rector of UNWE, Prof. Dr. Dimitar Dimitrov.
- Page Count: 308
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: Bulgarian
Еврозоната и България – рецесия или икономически растеж
Еврозоната и България – рецесия или икономически растеж
(The Eurozone and Bulgaria – Recession or Economic Growth)
- Author(s):Vasil Petkov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:7-22
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Еurozone; Bulgaria; recession; economic growth
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to track the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators for the euro area, for selected countries in the euro area and for Bulgaria, based on empirical and statistical information for a five-year retrospective period. In this way, similarities and differences in economic development can be highlighted and cause-and-effect relationships can be explored. Despite efforts to mitigate negative external shocks, gross domestic product growth slows during 2023. The level of inflation is decreasing significantly due to the increase in interest rates, but at the expense of this, the economic activity will continue to slow down. Investment has a negligible contribution to the aggregate product, and foreign trade is shrinking. Based on the analysis of interdependencies and the peculiarities of the cyclical development of the considered economies, including Bulgaria, the most likely scenario for their short-term development is either recession or low but unstable economic growth.
Цифровото евро – перспективи и очаквания
Цифровото евро – перспективи и очаквания
(The Digital Euro – Perspectives and Expectations)
- Author(s):Monika Moraliyska, Zdravko Beshendjiev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:23-31
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:digital euro; digital payments; digitization; EU
- Summary/Abstract:Digitization, globalization and the advent of artificial intelligence are pushing the world towards rapid change. All spheres of socio-economic life were affected, including the banking sector, which underwent a serious metamorphosis in the last decade. A decade after the appearance of the first cryptocurrency, today the financial institutions of the EU, as well as its political leaders, are on the verge of introducing a digital euro. This report synthesizes the main expectations from the introduction of the digital euro and analyses both the possible benefits and potential risks of its use. The limitations of the study are related to the unknown nature of the problem arising from the dynamic development of technologies and their application in business and finance.
Предизвикателства пред кръговата икономика в страните от Латинска Америка
Предизвикателства пред кръговата икономика в страните от Латинска Америка
(Challenges to the Circular Economy in Latin American Countries)
- Author(s):Vesselina Dimitrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Economic development
- Page Range:32-41
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:circular economy; Latin American countries; sustainability
- Summary/Abstract:The paper identifies some recent studies and examples in the context of circular economy in Latin American countries, for example Columbia, Brazil, Mexico. The paper provides mapping of interest in sustainable innovations, corporate social responsibility, green supply chain and all other aspects relative to Sustainable Development Goals in Latin American countries, including also the sustainable recovery after Covid-19. The analysis of the existing literature confirms the necessity to improve sustainability pillars in Latin American business into economic, environmental and social directions.
Климатични промени и българския бизнес – отговор и предизвикателства
Климатични промени и българския бизнес – отговор и предизвикателства
(Climate Change and Bulgarian Business - Response and Challenges)
- Author(s):Ilina Mutafchieva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:42-49
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:climate change; bulgarian companies; attitudes; young people
- Summary/Abstract:The paper „Climate Change and Bulgarian Business – Responses and Challenges“ examines the interaction between climate change and the attitudes of consumers that drive business in Bulgaria and the European Union as a whole. It explores the attitudes of consumers aged 15-35 towards companies‘ policies to combat climate change and compares their engagement with companies‘ actions and outlines potential solutions for businesses to remain competitive. The research methodology includes a survey of 314 respondents and a review of available information related to actions , The results presented are part of a broader study related to the author‘s dissertation and present the attitudes of young people towards climate change and the response of companies in Bulgaria. Recommendations for business are presented, such as the need for better cooperation with the NGO sector and stakeholders, concrete and clear communication of actions by companies related to the fight against climate change, etc.
Оценка на изпълнението на Зелената сделка през втората година
Оценка на изпълнението на Зелената сделка през втората година
(Assessment of the Performance of the Green Deal in the Second Year)
- Author(s):Daniyl Tanev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:50-59
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Green Deal; Sustainability; Green Economics; Development
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the report is to assess the progress and impact of the European Union‘s ambitious policy framework known as the Green Deal. By looking at various studies, articles and the EU‘s published results and information over the period, this report delves into the extent to which the Green Deal‘s objectives have been achieved, its effectiveness in addressing environmental challenges and the potential impact it has on the global transition towards a green economy. It assesses whether the measures set out in the agreement have delivered tangible results and examines how the EU‘s commitment to sustainability supports global efforts to combat climate change.
Пазарен потенциал на био продуктите в Европа
Пазарен потенциал на био продуктите в Европа
(Market Potential of Bio Products in Europe)
- Author(s):Yana Danailova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Agriculture, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:60-70
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:organic food; organic farming; organic products
- Summary/Abstract:The popularity of organic products worldwide is increasing due to the perception that they are cleaner and better for both people and the environment than conventionally grown ones. In the last 10 years the market of organic products in the European Union and in particular in Bulgaria is growing exponentially and ahead of the market for conventional products. More people are starting to include products of organic origin in their consumer basket. This is due both to the desire for healthier, cleaner and more environmentally friendly food, and to the increasing supply of organic products on the market. The number and size of farms that grow organic products, as well as traders and shops that offer them, are increasing. The rapid increase in sales of organic products shows the rise of consumer demand and the success of measures to maintain demand. The growth of the demand and purchase of organic food was particularly strong during the pandemic COVID-19, as a result of which consumers paid more attention to health problems and their relationship with food quality, as well as the higher food consumption at home. For the programming period 2023-2027, part of the CAP strategic plans include various programs to support organic farming in the EU.
Анализ на потреблението на биологични продукти в България и страни-членки на ЕС (2019-2025 г.)
Анализ на потреблението на биологични продукти в България и страни-членки на ЕС (2019-2025 г.)
(Analysis of the Consumption of Organic Products in Bulgaria and EU Member States (2019-2025))
- Author(s):Kamelia Dragomirova Hadjiilieva-Biedermann
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Agriculture, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:71-82
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:organic products; Bulgaria; EU; mathematical models; comparasion analysies
- Summary/Abstract:The changes in the consumption of organic products is highly dynamic since advent of the market for organic foods and cosmetics. Consumers show a high responsiveness to the actual economic situation, depending on multiple factors. This work focuses on the EU while the Covid-19 pandemic and before the current high inflation period. A short term forecast according the market development is given, based on different variants for motivation and goals of the main players in the market.
Трансформация към устойчивост – европейски аспекти
Трансформация към устойчивост – европейски аспекти
(Transformation towards Sustainability – European Aspects)
- Author(s):Gabriela Metodieva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:83-92
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:sustainability; innovation; development; unity; transformation
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to address the European aspects of sustainable transformation, particularly transport mobility and digitalization. The object of the article is digitalization as a path towards sustainability. The subject is the prospects and challenges for transforming towards a sustainable way of living. To cover the goals, the following tasks are set: 1) definition of sustainability and mobility; 2) mentioning the similarities between digitalization and a sustainable mobility model; 3) defining prospects and challenges for implementation. The main results are theoretical and practical application of the conclusions, introduction of good practices and proposals.
Устойчиво бъдеще: предизвикателства и възможности за българските фирми
Устойчиво бъдеще: предизвикателства и възможности за българските фирми
(Sustainable Future: Challenges and Opportunities for Bulgarian Companies)
- Author(s):Daniela Tzvetkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:93-100
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:CSR; ESG; Sustainable Development
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this article is to examine some new trends in the integration of ESG goals for sustainable development in companies’ practices. Some quantitative and qualitative indicators of sustainable development are considered. The focus of the report is the challenges and opportunities for Bulgarian companies to achieve sustainable development. From 2024 ESG becomes mandatory for certain companies in the EU and in Bulgaria, which will have to submit non-financial information in the form of a report on their application. For now, these changes concern large corporations, but it is expected that within two to three years, they will become mandatory for SMEs as well.
Устойчивост на веригите за доставка в контекста на европейската фармацевтична индустрия
Устойчивост на веригите за доставка в контекста на европейската фармацевтична индустрия
(Supply Chain Sustainability in the Context of European Pharmaceutical Industry)
- Author(s):Valentin Marinov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Health and medicine and law, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:101-111
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:supply chain; sustainability; pharmaceutical industry
- Summary/Abstract:The global pharmaceutical supply chains continue to suffer from delays in production processes, resource shortages, lack of capacity, etc., initially caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and additionally complicated afterwards by a number of political and economic issues. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of adoption of sustainable supply chain models by the European pharmaceutical business. The research methods include induction, deduction and case studies. The results show that despite the challenges which the European pharmaceutical companies have faced, they successfully reach their sustainable development goals and as one of the spheres with highest levels of innovations, they are expected to be well prepared and less vulnerable in a case of future turbulent events.
Икономически и социални измерения на креативното предприемачество
Икономически и социални измерения на креативното предприемачество
(Economic and Social Dimensions of Creative Entrepreneurship)
- Author(s):Silviya Georgieva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:112-121
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:entrepreneurship; creative entrepreneurship; small and medium-sized enterprises; creative activity
- Summary/Abstract:Creative entrepreneurship provides a number of economic and social benefits. These undisputed findings are generating significant interest and policy formation to support it. In addition to an increase in the number of enterprises in the creative sectors, there is an enlargement in the employment they create, their turnover and the generated added value. At the same time, creative entrepreneurship has strong social effects. Some of the activities in the creative industries have a very important social meaning, related to education and culture, building national self-esteem and a sense of belonging. In recent years, social entrepreneurship, whose expression is often related to creative activities, has been studied very intensively. For this reason, the focus of this publication is the study of the economic-social dimensions of the created and developed businesses in the sectors of the creative economy. Conclusions are formulated that direct attention to key aspects of the issue under consideration.
Социално предприемачество и социални иновации
Социално предприемачество и социални иновации
(Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovations)
- Author(s):Nevse Arnaud
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Social development, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:122-138
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:entrepreneurship; social innovation; competitiveness; economy
- Summary/Abstract:In modern terms, entrepreneurship is a key factor for the development of economies and the increase of the well-being of society. In both developed and developing countries, entrepreneurship solves important economic and social tasks, such as reducing unemployment, increasing innovation activity, accelerating structural changes in the economy, regional development, and others. Entrepreneurial activity leads to the emergence of new business models that increase the productivity of economic agents in particular and the competitiveness of the economy as a whole.
Честота на покупка и количество в съвременния маркетинг
Честота на покупка и количество в съвременния маркетинг
(Purchase Frequency and Quantity in Contemporary Marketing)
- Author(s):Aleksandar Hristov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:139-146
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:consumer behavior; marketing, purchase frequency; repeat purchases; digital marketing; marketing communications
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents some statements and observations regarding important, although currently not much considered aspects of contemporary marketing – frequency of purchases and quantity of goods consumed. It is assumed that there is a clear connection, however, the crises of recent years and changes in consumer behavior have shown the need for more in-depth research. The reason – this has a very direct impact on the planning and implementation of marketing and communication strategies and on the building of brand loyalty, especially international and global ones. The position is also stated that the dependence between the frequency of consumption and the quantity consumed is directly related to the impressions of the first purchase and the variety of choices.
Оптимизация за търсещи машини в дигиталния маркетинг и нейната роля в алгоритъма на Chat GPT
Оптимизация за търсещи машини в дигиталния маркетинг и нейната роля в алгоритъма на Chat GPT
(Search engine optimization in digital marketing and its role in the Chat GPT algorithm)
- Author(s):Viktoria Lozeva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:147-156
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:optimization; digital marketing; innovation; Chat GPT
- Summary/Abstract:The last twenty years have brought to the world economy enormous technological development that provided opportunities for positioning any business in the internet space. Global digitalization is turning international business in accessible from any device or point on the map. For the successful positioning of the business, an important role is played by the optimization for search engines. It helps in successful positioning on the internet, which brings high results. But is it possible to achieve positive results, while using the innovative Chat GPT app? Is there anything in common between optimization for search engines and the working algorithm of Chat GPT?
Трудният път за присъединяването на Турция към Европeйския съюз
Трудният път за присъединяването на Турция към Европeйския съюз
(The Difficult Road to Turkey’s Accession to the European Union)
- Author(s):Petya Vasileva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Inter-Ethnic Relations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:157-166
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Turkey; membership; refugee crisis; European Union; Muslim nation
- Summary/Abstract:Turkey’s path to membership in the European Union (EU) is full of many obstacles. The history of relations between Turkey and the EU is long and full of twists and turns. The subject of Turkey’s membership also triggers mechanisms of public debate that have been formed in the course of the countries’ past experiences. Over the centuries, Europeans formed an identity in which the Ottoman Empire, in the face of the Turks, was opposed to a different people. Hence the psychological barrier for an 80 million Muslim nation with an authoritarian presidential rule and a much lower standard of living with increasing hyperinflation. That is why the accession of Turkey to the EU will shake the European integration and in particular its Christian basis. At the end of October 2023, an interim report on the progress of Turkey’s negotiations towards joining the European Union is expected to be published.
Бежанската тежест върху България
Бежанската тежест върху България
(Refugee Burden on Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Atanas Pavlov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:167-174
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:refugee crisis; refugee burden on host country
- Summary/Abstract:In the light of the refugee crisis from 2015, Bulgaria, along with other South-Eastern European countries, were regarded as transit countries by the refugees on their path toward to the countries of Central and Western Europe. This, to a certain extent, isolated it from the main refugee routes and limited the passage of illegal migrants through the country. In that sense, the aim of the report is by calculating three indicators based on the methodology of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, measuring the refugee burden on the host country to prove the transit status of Bulgaria compared to other EU member states.
Агностичен подход за оценка на макроикономическите ефекти от инструментите на ЕС в България
Агностичен подход за оценка на макроикономическите ефекти от инструментите на ЕС в България
(An Agnostic Approach to Assessing the Macroeconomic Effects of EU Instruments in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Ivaylo Beev, Ivan Todorov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:175-183
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:AD-AS; EU funds; Expenditure multiplier; Sign and Zero restrictions
- Summary/Abstract:The study analyzes one of the most discussed issues concerning EU cohesion policies and, in particular, the macroeconomic effects these policies have on the development of the Bulgarian economy. A central focus of the report is the quantification of the multiplier of expenditures co-financed by the EU. The results indicate that the crowding out effects and the lack of additionality among national policies limit the multiplier coefficient for each 1 BGN spent to around 0.3-0.4. This estimate is lower than the alternative macroeconometric approach (SIBILA 2.0) currently used by public institutions.
Валутният пазар и европейската икономическа интеграция в условията на кризи
Валутният пазар и европейската икономическа интеграция в условията на кризи
(Foreign Exchange Market and European Economic Integration in Times of Crises)
- Author(s):Irena Nikolova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:184-192
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:foreign exchange market; euro; digital euro; foreign exchange instruments; fintech
- Summary/Abstract:The foreign exchange market changes sharply due to the uncertainty worldwide, digital currencies and technology, and continuous crises in various countries and regions. The European Union as one of the major participants on the global foreign exchange market by its own currency, the euro, and the European Central Bank, are influenced as well by that turbulence. The purpose of the paper is to present the foreign exchange market in times of continuously arising crises and to analyse the adoption of the digital euro in terms of the European economic integration and the currency board in Bulgaria.
Инфлацията в страните от ЕС по време и след пандемията от COVID-19
Инфлацията в страните от ЕС по време и след пандемията от COVID-19
(Inflation in EU Countries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Valentin Bilyanski
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:193-204
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:inflation; pandemic; EU
- Summary/Abstract:The study examines inflation developments during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Along with the pandemic, other reasons for the price dynamics during this period are also considered. The report investigates the different dynamics of inflation in the EU countries, with an emphasis on Bulgaria. The research methodology includes an analysis of both general inflation and inflation by individual product groups. The contribution of these groups to general inflation is also examined. The analysis shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, the most intense in the last few decades, has characteristics that significantly distinguish it from previous crisis periods when we witnessed high inflation levels. Inflationary processes take place in quite different ways in different countries and in particular in the EU. During the pandemic, the inflation differential between the member states widened, with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe registering a significantly greater increase in prices. This is mainly observed in food and utilities, but also to a significant extent in services such as health care, education and hotels and restaurants.
Приемане на еврото – нови възможности за българската икономика
Приемане на еврото – нови възможности за българската икономика
(Adoption of the Euro – New Opportunities for the Bulgarian Economy)
- Author(s):Betina Minkova, Vesselina Borisova, Gabriela Dimova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy
- Page Range:205-212
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Bulgaria; euro; economic growth
- Summary/Abstract:The following research is a brief review on the topic of the consequences of the adoption of the Euro for the Bulgarian economy. Using three argumentative pillars, the authors examine the main arguments for changing the country’s national currency, which, according to the report, would result in more opportunities to attract investment, international exchange and economic growth. The good practices of the accession of Lithuania and Croatia to the financial structure of the Eurozone were examined, and acute macroeconomic turbulence was not registered in either country.
Пазарите за растеж в Европа като инструмент за финансиране на малките и средни предприятия чрез капиталовия пазар
Пазарите за растеж в Европа като инструмент за финансиране на малките и средни предприятия чрез капиталовия пазар
(Growth Markets in Europe as a Tool for Financing of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises through the Capital Market)
- Author(s):Snezhana Yotinska
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
- Page Range:213-224
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:capital market; SME Growth Markets; BEAM market
- Summary/Abstract:SME Growth markets on traditional stock exchanges have become increasingly popular over the past fifteen years as a result of changes in European regulations. SME Growth markets are an important intermediate stage on the way to listing companies on the stock exchange, as they provide an opportunity to raise funds with easier regulatory requirements and reduced administrative burden.
Макропруденциален надзор в Република България. Въвеждане, институции и ефекти
Макропруденциален надзор в Република България. Въвеждане, институции и ефекти
(Macroprudential Supervision in the Republic of Bulgaria. Establishment, Institutions and Effects)
- Author(s):Elena Dimitrova-Tsoneva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Economic policy, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:225-238
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Capital conservation buffer; Countercyclical capital buffer; Systemic risk buffer; Buffer for global and other systemically important
- Summary/Abstract:In the countries with a fixed monetary policy, in which interest rates cannot be increased in order to tighten credit discipline, in the period 2007 – 2009, given the risks associated with the credit growth “reasonable” instruments are quickly recognized as alternatives. Bulgaria is one of the first countries to apply a macroprudential policy, using instruments ranging from higher capital requirements to differentiated requirements for reserves and prudential credit ceilings. The purpose of this publication is to show the experience of the Republic of Bulgaria in the implementation of the macroprudential supervisory policy of the Union. The benefits we manage to derive from the regulatory mechanisms for our economy in a situation after total state bankruptcy and currency board, global economic crisis and pandemic.
Теоретичните основи на европейската икономическа интеграция
Теоретичните основи на европейската икономическа интеграция
(The Theoretical Foundations of European Economic Integration)
- Author(s):Vyara Tsvetanova Lavcheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Political Theory, Economic policy, Political economy, Politics and communication, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:239-251
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:regional economic integration; economic theory; economic schools; classical economics; keynesianism
- Summary/Abstract:Economic theory is characterized by continuous dynamics, which is both dictated by the changes in human life and a driver of those changes, therefore the return to the theoretical achievements of the past provides a significant conceptual insight into the complexity of the processes, as a result of which the current reality was formed. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the particular manifestations of the heterogeneous doctrines in economic science, which determine the process of creating the theory of regional economic integration. The main task is to identify the economic theories that are the basis of the formation of the integration theory. The necessary cause-and-effect relationships that argue the compatibility of specific doctrines with the effectiveness of the process of regional economic integration should be deduced.
Европейският съюз в световната икономика. Перспективи за развитие на ЕС в световните икономически и политически организации
Европейският съюз в световната икономика. Перспективи за развитие на ЕС в световните икономически и политически организации
(The European Union in the World Economy. Prospects for EU Development in World Economic and Political Organizations)
- Author(s):Valko Dzhankardashliyski
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, Government/Political systems, Developing nations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:252-271
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:EU; world economy; EU development; political organization
- Summary/Abstract:In the last 40 years, the world has gone through many dynamic economic processes. The division of the world into two opposing economic and military camps led to a definite change in the understanding of progress in the socialist form of economic development. The transition from one policy of governance to another gave prospects and freedom of choice to the new, young economies. The idea of the EC grew into the unification of the countries of continental Europe into one economic and political union in order to compete with the economies of countries such as the USA, China and various other economic and political unions. Participating in alliances is an old practice that, on a micro scale, has happened relatively easily until today. When we talk about the unification of several countries in order to gain some competitive advantages or advantages in the economy, diplomatic relations or the security of a common territory or border, the conditions for such a process of negotiations and agreements are complicated. Nowadays, the EU competes with the economies and political interests of the US, BRICS, SCO, with some EU countries participating in other alliances such as NATO (not participating but EU members, Austria, Ireland, Malta, Sweden), WTO and others. The report traces the development of the EU and its prospects for development in cooperation with various political and economic unions.
Инициативата „Три морета“ като отговор на икономическите и геополитическите предизвикателства
Инициативата „Три морета“ като отговор на икономическите и геополитическите предизвикателства
(The Three Seas Initiative – A Response to the Economic and Geopolitical Challenges Write the Title of Your Article)
- Author(s):Dilyana Dimitrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:272-279
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Three Seas Initiative; European Union; Central and Eastern European countries
- Summary/Abstract:The Three Seas Initiative is a political project, launched in 2016 by twelve European member states of the European Union, which share a close geographical location, historical and political development and face similar economic, political and social challenges. The article presents the concept, priorities and development of the Initiative, confirms the relevance of the agreed goals, as well as the contribution for development of the countries from Central and East Europe and the European Union in the fields of energy, infrastructure and digital inter-connectivity.
Балканското икономическо сътрудничество – фактор за евроинтеграция в региона
Балканското икономическо сътрудничество – фактор за евроинтеграция в региона
(The Balkan Economic Cooperation – Eurointegration Factor in the Region)
- Author(s):Ashot Kazaryan
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, International relations/trade, Developing nations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:280-293
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:European integration; Balkan Economic Cooperation
- Summary/Abstract:This report aims to show the prospects and the possible directions of economic cooperation of the Balkan countries, respectively, its positive impact on European integration- those processes in the region. Using data provided by the World Bank and the UN we will follow for the same period the state of the economies of the Balkan countries and factors influencing their development. IN the report does not include Turkey, as there are no data for its European part. The questions we will seek answers to are - whether there are good practices in these countries according to the examined indicators, whether the exchange of experience from regarding these practices can have a beneficial impact on prosperity in region and whether good cooperation with EU member states would contribute brought about the European integration of the other countries.
Ценообразуване на аеронавигационните услуги в Европа
Ценообразуване на аеронавигационните услуги в Европа
(Pricing of Air Navigation Services in Europe)
- Author(s):Ekaterina Stefanova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:294-307
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:European Commission; suppliers of aeronavigation service; air navigation fees; air management movement
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this report is to reveal the specifics of the pricing of the air navigation services in Europe. The main focus is on calculating the unit rates for the provision of air navigation services, or the so-called air navigation charges, which the airspace users (aviation operators) pay for the air traffic management. The report presents key features of the provision of air navigation services in Europe. A comparative analysis is made between the two pricing methods for air navigation services in Europe – the full cost recovery method and the determined costs method. The report also presents a review of the legislation in the field of air navigation service taxation. А special focus is placed on the traffic risk sharing mechanism and the cost risk sharing mechanism. The conclusion presents the trends in the regulation of pricing of the air navigation services, with regards to the legislative initiative for the Single European Sky (SES) to achieve more efficient air traffic management.
